Images are teaching resources widely used in education. Especially in biology, they are very useful to register form and structure of organisms and to represent the cellular processes. The overall aim of this dissertation was to investigate how the records and representations through images, also can be a source of misconceptions. The specific objectives of the study were to evaluate the recognition and interpretation of images of mitosis and propose educational activities that would help in the development of interpretation skills. The sample of this research was 50 students in the first year of high school. The activities were developed in two schools, one private school and one public school). The research was divided into three stages; the first one was the application of diagnostic activities using: i) a sequence of images of cell division, to investigate the recognition of phases of mitosis; ii) modeling clay to know how the students represent a chromosome. Difficulties in recognition of images and concepts about the structure of chromosomes were analyzed. After the diagnostic activities was applied a set of educational activities about the mitosis. Two ludic activities (card game and puzzle) and two practical classes (observation of mitosis in onion roots and tridimensional model of metaphase) were associated for presentation and discussion of the phases of the mitosis. At the end of the activities the students carried out the assessment of the set of educational proposals and answered questions about interpretation of images related to mitosis and chromosomes. At diagnostic activity was detected that students still have difficulty in recognizing the images produced by microscopy. The construction of chromosomes with modeling clay revealed that most students believe that the chromosomes have the shape of X. This concept was resistant and remained even after the presentation of the set of educational activities. The students were highly motivated and rated as very positive all the activities presented. The application of these activities had positive results for the understanding of the spatial distribution of chromosomes in mitosis and permited more effective association between microscopy and simplified representations of images. These results reinforce the ideas about the need to diversify the forms and methods of presentation of abstract content related to cellular processes and the importance of working with the images generated from microscopy to assist the development of interpretation skills. / As imagens são recursos didáticos muito utilizados no Ensino, especialmente na Biologia, onde podem registrar de modo direto organismos e estruturas macroscópicas ou representar processos e componentes microscópicos. O objetivo geral dessa dissertação foi investigar, como os registros e representações através imagens que são facilitadores do entendimento de conceitos, aproximando o aluno da teoria que está em estudo, também pode ser fonte de concepções inadequadas. O presente trabalho teve por objetivos específicos avaliar o reconhecimento e interpretação de imagens da mitose e propor atividades didáticas que auxiliassem no desenvolvimento de habilidades de interpretação. Participaram deste trabalho 50 alunos do primeiro ano do Ensino Médio, sendo 27 de escola da rede particular de ensino da cidade de Rosário do Sul e 23 de escola rede pública de ensino da cidade de Santa Maria. A pesquisa foi dividida em três etapas; no primeiro momento houve a aplicação de atividades diagnósticas, utilizando: i) uma sequência de imagens de divisão celular, para investigar o reconhecimento das fases da mitose; ii) massa de modelar para que os alunos modelassem um cromossomo de maneira livre, de acordo com suas concepções. As dificuldades de reconhecimento de imagens e o conceito dos alunos sobre a estrutura de cromossomos foram analisadas. Finalizada a atividade diagnóstica utilizou-se uma intervenção constituída por um conjunto de atividades didáticas tendo como tema imagens de mitose. Os alunos participaram de atividades lúdicas compostas por jogos de baralho e quebra- cabeça, e também de atividades com caráter mais formal, como aula prática de observação de lâminas de células de Allium cepa em divisão celular e montagem de um modelo didático tridimensional representando uma célula na fase de metáfase da mitose. Ao final das atividades os alunos realizaram a avaliação do conjunto de propostas didáticas e responderam questões relacionadas a interpretação de imagens sobre mitose e cromossomos. A atividade diagnóstica demonstrou que os alunos ainda possuem dificuldade no reconhecimento de imagens principalmente as de microscopia. A concepção de que o cromossomo é sempre correspondente a letra X foi observada na maioria dos alunos, conceito este que permaneceu após a intervenção. Os alunos se mostraram bastante motivados e participaram dede modo atento e ativo em todas as atividades, o que se refletiu nas avaliações. Em relação a compreensão de imagens da mitose foi possível detectar mudanças que revelam melhor interpretação. Os resultados positivos da aplicação das atividades foram melhor compreensão da distribuição espacial dos cromossomos na mitose e associação mais efetiva entre imagens de microscopia e representações simplificadas. Esses resultados reforçam as ideias sobre a necessidade de diversificar as formas e métodos de apresentação de conteúdos abstratos relacionados a processos celulares e a importância de trabalhar com as imagens geradas a partir da microscopia para auxiliar o desenvolvimento de habilidades de interpretação.

Konstpedagogiska aktiviteter och dess betydelse för förskolebarns lärande och utveckling är centrala teman i denna studie. Studien syftar till att undersöka vilka konstpedagogiska traditioner som råder i olika nationella och internationella konstinstitutioner och identifiera vilka möjligheter och/eller begränsningar till förskolebarns utveckling och lärande som de konstpedagogiska aktiviteterna erbjuder. I studien studeras och analyseras hur konstpedagoger i olika konstinstitutioner arbetar med förskolebarn, samt hur konstpedagogiska aktiviteter utformas i praktiken. I studien diskuteras även vilka möjligheter/begränsningar till barns inflytande och delaktighet som konstpedagogiska aktiviteter erbjuder. Den forskningsmetod som används i studien är en kvalitativ intervjuundersökning samt en kvalitativ innehållsanalys av datamaterialet. Undersökningen genomfördes i två länder: i Sverige och på Irland. Studiens resultat visar relativt många likheter i arbetet med utformningen av konstpedagogiska aktiviteter både i Sverige och på Irland. Aktiviteternas innehåll och upplägg varierar dock och beror på konstinstitutionens organisation, aktiviteternas pedagogiska syfte och form av samarbete mellan förskola/skola och konstinstitutioner. Konstpedagogernas syn på konst och barns lärande har många gemensamma drag både på nationell och på internationell nivå. Studien visar att förskolebarns möten med konst kan erbjuda varierande möjligheter till barns lärande och utveckling och kan användas som ett utmärkt pedagogiskt verktyg både i förskola och skola. / Art Education activities and its importance for preschool children's learning and development are central themes in this study. The study aims to examine the art educational traditions prevailing in various national and international art institutions and identify opportunities and / or constraints to preschool children's development and learning the art educational activities offer. The study examines how art teachers in various art institutions work with preschool children, and how art educational activities are developed in practice. The study also analyzed and discussed the possibilities / limitations to children's influence and participation art educational activities offer. Research methods used in the study is a qualitative interview study and a qualitative content analysis of the data. The study was conducted in two countries: in Sweden and Ireland. The study shows relatively many similarities in the work process of the art educational activities both in Sweden and Ireland. Activities’ content and structure varies and depends on the art department's organization, educational purposes and cooperation between preschool / school and art institutions. Art educators’ views on art and children's learning have many features in common, both at national and international level. The study shows that art educational activities can offer diverse opportunities for children's learning and development, and can be used as an excellent educational tool both in preschool and school.

The diploma thesis is dedicated to the system of preventive educational activity in the area of population protection in the Czech Republic. The thesis introduces a comprehensive picture of the current state of knowledge of the population, pupils and teachers about the protection of the population and its integration into the lessons in the Pilsen region. The thesis is methodically divided into two parts : Theoretical and practical. In the theoretical part is used empirical research method, which focuses on the study of documents and literature. In the practical part, a qualitative research was then carried out in the form of semi-structured interviews directed at three groups of inhabitants, namely the inhabitants, teachers and pupils of primary schools. The research was realised in selected cities of the Pilsen Region, namely in Plzeň, Klatovy, Žinkovy, Blovice and Nepomuk. Subsequently, a comparison of the data was performed. The output of thesis is to present a proposal of identified shortcomings based on the acquired knowledge, including in particular the promotion of actions related to the PVČ and higher utilization of the potential of modern communication technologies.

The purpose of the study is to gain knowledge about which scope for action and tasks are included in the organisation of educational activities on the preschool and which competences are lifted up by preschool teacher to conduct educational activities. The database consists of questionnaires, observations and interviews at the municipal and multicultural preschools located in Stockholm. The study is anchored in sociocultural theory and  framefaktor theory. Questions and  results are presented thematically and are divided into three thematic sections: How preschool teachers organised pedagogical activities in preschool with their preconditions. How preschool teachers organise education time in preschool. Which are the most important competencies of preschool teacher?   Results show that preschool teachers use their subjective scope of action to create the education that is able to meet the requirements of the curriculum. Subdivision of the children's group into smaller groups often takes place during the day as a necessary tool in terms of teaching and organising of education activities. This article problematizes the teachers' expression of scope of action and planning time in the organisation of educational activities. The competences of the preschool teacher are complex and multidimensional.

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2017-10-24T18:42:29Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Cristina Maria Alves da Silva.pdf: 4473867 bytes, checksum: f45b303fc503257b78a31fe3cf52b0f1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-24T18:42:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Cristina Maria Alves da Silva.pdf: 4473867 bytes, checksum: f45b303fc503257b78a31fe3cf52b0f1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-07-20 / This research aimed to analyze the learning process from the environmental pedagogical praxis perspective taking into account the exchange of knowledge that occurred between 55 students from the 6th and the 7th grade of a public school located in Duque de Caxias/RJ. To understand the process of formation and development of a critical environmental education we took as a starting point the students? reality throughout the year of 2015.Based on the concept of the Theory of Meaningful Learning from David Ausubel (1980), firstly, a kind of poll was given to the students. The intention was getting the level of knowledge they had about the environment and what kind of thought they had about it. We stimulated them to think about their neighborhood as well. After they had answered the questions, we applied a number of educational activities focused on the critical environmental education. No matter the tools, the purpose was always the same: reflect and record in an individual notebook the knowledge built and exchanged in the classroom. After the implementation of these educational activities, the same poll was applied again. That time the aiming was to evaluate whether and which knowledge they had gained, which kind of thoughts and behaviors were built in relation to the environment, to their neighborhood. Then, a comparison of the answers given before and after the activities that included mainly the students? reality was made. An that point it was observed that it is necessary to take into account the students? reality in order to develop a critical environmental education, which turns them into active pieces of the changing process instead of keeping them passive. They started wondering how the relationships worked, no matter the parts involved in, so they started seeing themselves as main characters, as people who are responsible for the environment where they were inserted in. / Esta pesquisa teve por objetivo analisar o processo de aprendizado a partir das praxis pedag?gicas ambientais e as trocas de saberes que ocorreram entre 55 estudantes das turmas do 6? e 7? ano de uma escola p?blica estadual no munic?pio de Duque de Caxias/RJ. Considerou-se a realidade vivida pelos mesmos ao longo do ano letivo de 2015, visando compreender o processo de forma??o e desenvolvimento de uma educa??o ambiental cr?tica e reflexiva. Com base no conceito de Organizador Pr?vio da Teoria da Aprendizagem Significativa, de David Ausubel (1980), foi aplicado, inicialmente, um question?rio junto aos estudantes com a inten??o de compreender que conhecimentos tinham e o que pensavam sobre o meio ambiente, sobre seu bairro e sua vizinhan?a. Ap?s a aplica??o do question?rio, foi desenvolvido um conjunto de atividades pedag?gicas voltadas para a educa??o ambiental cr?tica, a finalidade era refletir e registrar em uma caderneta individual de campo o conhecimento constru?do e trocado em sala de aula. Ap?s a aplica??o das atividades pedag?gicas, voltou-se a trabalhar com o question?rio inicial. Desta vez, com a inten??o de avaliar se havia novos conhecimentos e em caso de resposta positiva quais. A compara??o entre os question?rios aplicados antes e depois das pr?ticas voltadas a uma educa??o ambiental que inclu?sse a realidade vivida pelos estudantes permitiu que se observasse o cotidiano dos mesmos e os pontos que devem ser abordados para a constru??o de uma educa??o ambiental reflexiva, ativa, que permita o questionamento das rela??es existentes entres os seres humanos que vivem em determinado espa?o e deles com o ambiente em si, o que significa dizer que os estudantes em quest?o passam a ser vistos n?o como meros expectadores, mas como protagonistas de suas vidas e respons?veis por seu ambiente.

This thesis is concerned with exploration of the interdisciplinarity of school subjects, specifically the link between mathematics and physical education. The educational goals and content of these subjects, as they are taught in majority of schools, are described in the theoretical part. The subsequent chapters analyze the form of interdisciplinarity in the current educational system, with the focus on the interdisciplinary relation between mathematics and physical education. The practical part of this thesis consists of case reports of students who took part in physical education with activities focused on rhythm in mathematics. This intervention was administered in two fourth grade classes, that were compared with two different fourth grades that took part in regular physical education. The differences between these classes were investigated by examining the students' attitude towards mathematics and physical education, as well as students' mathematical knowledge, which was assessed by administering tests before and after the physical education interventions. Additionally, the thesis contains the collection of the exercises that the students took part in, and which can be used to improve rhythmical and mathematical abilities. KEYWORDS mathematics, physical education, interdisciplinary relations,...

This diploma thesis deals with the educational activities of museums for adult visitors. The main aim of this thesis is to analyze the realization of educational activities in museums with respect to the specifics of adults as a target group. The intention is to examine the implementation of adult education programs, their preparation, structure and development as educational institutions. Furthermore, the work focuses on the target group of adult visitors. Part of the diploma thesis is research, which carried out through qualitative semi-structured interviews with selected staff and lecturers who provide education in museums. It will be carried out in museums in the Central Bohemian Region, which will be selected because of their location. The purpose of the research is to map out the implementation of adult education in the museum from the point of view of museum workers. The intention is to find out whether museums reflect the content of the adult learner's content and realization of educational programs, what forms of education and learning they use and what barriers and possibilities they find in this context.

The aim of the thesis was to analyze current adult education opportunities funded by The European Social Fund, evaluate benefits of this type of education in therms of unemployment. I compared opportunities of adul education in programming period 2004 - 2006 and programming period 2007 - 2013 and suggested some points to improve implementation of projects funded by The European Social Fund.

According to statistics the number of fires is still very high and the main cause is the negligence of people and underestimating of its danger, so that is right to be concerned with this problems. The solution is to educate people since their early age, e.g. within their school attendance. I decided to choose the theme of my dissertation, which deals with education of students in the area of fire protection. Personally, I would like to find out how the students are trained and educated in this issue and how their knowledge is, that is the chosen aim of the thesis. The goal of this dissertation is to find out the methods of educating and the level of knowledge of the fire protection in elementary schools. To achieve the goal and to complete the research questions I conducted a survey and structured interviews (dialogue). The survey was orientated to students of ninth grade in randomly chosen schools and should check out their knowledge in the problems. The structured interviews were realized with school management and were meant to find out the way or methods of teaching in this issue. The results were put into graphs and charts. In the end the comparison of students´ knowledge was done on two randomly chosen schools, or between two regions of the South Bohemia. The comparison was done within statistical counting methods. After the final evaluation that is possible to say that the knowledge of students in the area of the fire protection is on relatively good level. On the other way around, the methods and extensiveness of education in this area, in view of the fact that importance of fire protection, is in my point of view not sufficient and should have given more attention. In the statistical research it was found out that there are not big differences between the knowledge of students in chosen schools, or regions.

Nursing documentation became an important part of work of a general nurse / a midwife. The nursing documentation differs in individual hospitals. The clinic management is responsible for the documentation contents in given hospital and general nurses / midwives at least participate in its development. The nursing documentation serves as the work aid for the nursing staff, being the material providing important information for other medical staff and institutions. The documentation objectively informs the medical team members about the health conditions of the given individual. Recently, significant stress started to be put on education activities of a nurse and its documenting. New examination methods or therapeutic procedures are being introduced into practice, which should help in treatment of clients. Regardless modern progress, the number of chronically ill clients increases ? for example diabetes mellitus, chronic renal insufficiency, asthma bronchiale etc. That is why nurses in the positions of educators play very important rules. The graduation thesis / diploma work aims at nursing documentation in practice. The aim of the graduation thesis / diploma work was to map the efficiency of nursing documentation and to find out what an importance attach the nurses to nursing documentation keeping. Another aim was to find out whether education plans make a part of nursing documentation. My last aim was to find out whether an education nurse is a member of the nursing team. For the research part of this work, a combination of qualitative and quantitative research solution was used. A semi-structured interview was used s the data collection technique for the qualitative part, while there were interviewed the chief nurses working in a hospital in Plzeň region. A questionnaire was used as the data collection technique for the quantitative part and it was designed for general nurses working in the faculty, regional and district hospitals in Plzeň region, in standard department, intensive care unit and in consequent care unit. The aims of the work were reached. Four hypotheses were set for the quantitative research. 1. Nurses perceive the efficiency of nursing documentation in case of being kept by an appointed nurse. 2. The shift nurses consider nursing documentation keeping to be rather a stress instead of an expression of professional activities of a nurse. 3. A part of standard equipment of nursing documentation is reserved for education activities. 4. The system of nursing care provision in the hospital departments does not allow application of education process, even though its keeping in nursing documentation is required. The first two hypotheses were confirmed, the third and fourth hypotheses were not confirmed. Five chief nurses expressed their interest in results of our research and investigations. They are interested in results obtained in their departments. We continue our co-operation as the output of the work is a draft of documentation for education of a client, the education standard and a seminar or course of education activities of a nurse.