Μια από τις μεγαλύτερες προκλήσεις στις μέρες μας αποτελεί η εξαγωγή και η κατανόηση του πλήθους των πληροφοριών που βρίσκονται κρυμμένες στα βιολογικά δεδομένα. Ο καταιγισμός των πληροφοριών που προέρχονται από τη βιολογική έρευνα είναι τόσο σύνθετος που χρειάζεται να αναλυθεί με τη χρήση προηγμένων υπολογιστικών μεθόδων. Αυτό οδήγησε στη Βιοπληροφορική, έναν επαναστατικό επιστημονικό τομέα, ο οποίος εφαρμόζει στοιχεία της επιστήμης των υπολογιστών και της τεχνολογίας των πληροφοριών για τη διαχείριση των βιολογικών δεδομένων. Ο κλάδος της Βιοπληροφορικής σήμερα θεωρείται, παγκοσμίως, ένας από τους πλέον εξελισσόμενους, ενώ έχει ήδη επιδείξει σημαντικά επιτεύγματα και έχει συγκεντρώσει ιδιαίτερα σημαντικές διακρίσεις. Η εκπαίδευση εξειδικευμένων ατόμων σε θέματα Βιοπληροφορικής αποτελεί ιδιαίτερη πρόκληση, καθώς οι εκπαιδευόμενοι προέρχονται από τον τομέα της Βιολογίας ή της Πληροφορικής, παρουσιάζοντας γι' αυτόν τον λόγο μεγάλες διαφορές στο μαθησιακό τους υπόβαθρο. Επιπλέον, δημοσιεύονται συνεχώς καινούριες μέθοδοι επεξεργασίας βιολογικών δεδομένων, καθιστώντας το δύσκολο ακόμα και για κάποιον εκπαιδευτικό να παρακολουθεί την εξέλιξη και να ενημερώνει το εκπαιδευτικό περιεχόμενο των μαθημάτων του. Την ίδια στιγμή, η τεχνολογία της ηλεκτρονικής εκμάθησης έχει γίνει ένα εναλλακτικό μαθησιακό πρότυπο. Κατά τη διάρκεια του 20ού αιώνα, για τους περισσότερους από εμάς, η έννοια της μάθησης ήταν συνυφασμένη με τις παραδοσιακές αίθουσες διδασκαλίας. Όμως, από τον 21ο αιώνα άρχισε να κυριαρχεί μια νέα κουλτούρα μάθησης. Χάρη στην κατάλληλη χρήση των τεχνολογιών πληροφορίας, των δικτύων και των πολυμέσων, μαθητές και ερευνητές οι οποίοι διαχωρίζονται από την απόσταση, συνδέονται τεχνολογικά. Η γνώση γίνεται διαθέσιμη στο σύγχρονο ακαδημαϊκό και επαγγελματικό κόσμο, χωρίς χωρικούς ή χρονικούς περιορισμούς. Η συνεχώς αυξανόμενη υποδομή των ψηφιακών δικτύων ενισχύει την ικανότητα για πρόσβαση και χρήση απεριόριστων πηγών και εργαλείων. Επιπλέον, η ηλεκτρονική μάθηση εκτείνεται πέρα από την απλή πρόσβαση στην πληροφορία, αλλά βασίζεται στην επικοινωνία και στην αλληλεπίδραση των ατόμων που συμμετέχουν στη διαδικασία της μάθησης. Οι πλατφόρμες της ηλεκτρονικής εκμάθησης είναι ιδιαίτερα χρήσιμες και στην εκπαίδευση της Βιοπληροφορικής, καθώς μπορούν να βελτιώσουν την ποιότητα της διδασκαλίας και να μειώσουν τον χρόνο που απαιτείται για τη διαχείριση του εκπαιδευτικού υλικού. Πέραν τούτου, το αντικείμενο της Βιοπληροφορικής είναι πλήρως συνυφασμένο με τη χρήση του Διαδικτύου, καθώς μέσω αυτού μπορούν να βρεθούν πολλές πηγές δεδομένων και χρήσιμα εργαλεία. Στην παρούσα διπλωματική εργασία, προηγμένες διαδικασίες ηλεκτρονικής μάθησης έχουν αναπτυχθεί ώστε να εισαγάγουν ολοένα και περισσότερους μαθητές στην επαναστατική επιστήμη της Βιοπληροφορικής. Μια σύγχρονη διαδικτυακή εφαρμογή, η οποία όχι μόνο αποθηκεύει και διαχειρίζεται τον πλούτο της γνώσης και της εμπειρίας της ερευνητικής ομάδας «Υπολογιστικής Βιολογίας και Βιοπληροφορικής» του Πανεπιστημίου Πατρών, αλλά επιπλέον επιτρέπει στους χρήστες του συστήματος να προβάλλουν, οπουδήποτε και οποτεδήποτε, και να αλληλεπιδρούν με το πλούσιο μαθησιακό περιεχόμενο το οποίο παρουσιάζεται με τη μορφή κειμένων, υπερκειμένων,εικόνων, παρουσιάσεων και βίντεο. Δημοσιεύσεις σε συνέδρια και περιοδικά, ερευνητικά έργα, διπλωματικές εργασίες, παρουσιάσεις, εργαλεία και ανακοινώσεις είναι μόνο μερικά δείγματα της καθημερινής συνεισφοράς και της ανεκτίμητης προσπάθειας της ερευνητικής ομάδας. Πλήθος πληροφοριών, καλά οργανωμένων και δυναμικά ανανεώσιμων, είναι πάντα στη διάθεση μας. Σημαντικότατο στοιχείο του συστήματος ηλεκτρονικής εκμάθησης αποτελεί η ευφυΐα του, με άλλα λόγια η ικανότητα παροχής μιας εξατομικευμένης μαθησιακής πορείας στον κάθε εκπαιδευόμενο, με βάση το επίπεδο γνώσεων, τις μαθησιακές ανάγκες αλλά και την πρόοδο του. Επιπρόσθετα, η εν λόγω διαδικτυακή εφαρμογή εκμάθησης της Βιοπληροφορικής ευνοεί τη δημιουργία μαθησιακών κοινοτήτων οι οποίες ενισχύουν τη συνεργασία, την επικοινωνία αλλά και την αλληλεπίδραση μεταξύ εκπαιδευτών και εκπαιδευόμενων, όπως δηλαδή συμβαίνει σε μία παραδοσιακή αίθουσα διδασκαλίας. Όμως, μέσα από την ηλεκτρονική μάθηση, ο εκπαιδευόμενος αποτελεί πλέον το «κέντρο της μαθησιακής διαδικασίας», καθώς μετατρέπεται από παθητικό σε ενεργό δέκτη της μάθησης, επιλέγοντας το πώς και τι μαθαίνει. / One of the greatest challenges today is the extraction and comprehension of the huge mass of information hidden in biological data. The flood of information that comes from the biological research is so complex that needs to be analyzed by means of advanced computational methods. This has given rise to Bioinformatics, a revolutionary scientific field which applies elements of computer science and information technology to the management of this biological information. Bioinformatics is now considered, worldwide, as one of the most evolving fields since it has already demonstrated some very significant achievements and it has gathered really important distinctions. Training students in Bioinformatics is an important challenge as they have big academic differences and their learning background is either in Biology or in Informatics. Moreover, new methods for biological data processing are being published frequently and it is very hard even for professionals in the field of Bioinformatics to follow the new publications and renew the material of their courses. At the same time, the e-learning technology has become an alternative learning standard. During the 20th century, for most of us, the concept of learning was intertwined with the traditional classrooms. But, since the 21st century a new culture of learning has begun. Thanks to the proper use of modern information technologies, networks and multimedia, students and researches who are separated by distance, get technologically connected. Knowledge becomes available to the contemporary academic and professional world, without any geographical restrictions or time limits. The growing infrastructure of digital networks enhances the ability to access and use unlimited resources and tools. Furthermore, e-learning extends beyond simple access to information, but it is based on the communication and interaction of people involved in the learning process. The e-learning platforms are particularly useful in Bioinformatics education, as they can improve the quality of teaching and reduce the time required for the administration of educational material. Furthermore, the scientific field of Bioinformatics is completely interwoven with the use of the Internet due to the fact that many data sources and software tools are accessible through it. In this thesis, advanced e-learning processes have been developed in order to introduce more and more students to the revolutionary science of Bioinformatics. A modern web application which not only stores and manages the wealth of knowledge and experience provided by the Computational Biology and Bioinformatics group of the University of Patras, but also permits visitors to visualize, anywhere and anytime, and interact with this rich learning content which is presented in the form of text, hypertext, images, presentations and videos. Publications in conferences and journals, research projects, theses, presentations, tools, latest news and announcements are just some demonstrations of the daily contribution and the priceless effort spent by this group. A great deal of information, securely organized and dynamically updated, always at our disposal. The most important element of this e-learning application is its intelligence, in other words its ability to provide a personalized learning path to each student, based on his level of knowledge, his learning needs and the progress made in every step of the e-learning training. In addition, this Bioinformatics e-learning application, favors the creation of learning communities which enhance collaboration, communication and interaction between trainers and trainees, as that occurs in a traditional classroom. However, through e-learning, the trainee becomes the "center of the learning process", as he turns from a passive to an active receiver of learning, by choosing how and what he learns.

The final thesis is focused on comparative analysis of the educational systems in Finland and the Czech Republic. The purpose is to analyze the educational systems, compare them and find a solution for improvement in the tertiary education system in the Czech Republic. The purpose of the empirical part of this final thesis is to assess the potential impact of the introduction of tuition fees for non-European students in Finland. Comparative analysis and responses to questionnaires was used to find solutions and make suggestions for improving to the Czech education system.

Dans cette thèse, nous étudions l’impact du P.I.B.I.D. (Programa Institucional de Bolsas de Iniciação à Docência), programme de formation des professeurs au Brésil, créé en 2007, sur la formation des enseignants de mathématiques.Notre problématique est double : le P.I.B.I.D. apporte-t-il une amélioration conséquente à la formation des enseignants ?, et pour les professeurs de mathématiques : est-ce que la didactique des mathématiques, telle qu’elle est enseignée dans les Instituts d’Enseignement Supérieur, est liée réellement à la pratique de classe des enseignants formés par ce programme ?L’impact de la pensée française dans la sphère éducative brésilienne est indéniable. Ce sont de grands chercheurs français qui ont dirigé la construction des curriculums de formation des enseignants brésiliens. Il est donc naturel de comparer la formation donnée par le P.I.B.I.D. avec celle donnée dans les E.S.P.E. en France. Quatre parties composent cette thèse. Dans la première nous traçons le cadre général dans lequel se place la formation des enseignants en faisant une brève comparaison des systèmes scolaires brésilien et français au Chapitre I. Dans le suivant après avoir présenté succinctement le système d’enseignement supérieur brésilien, nous faisons un historique de la formation des professeurs au Brésil depuis 1 827, puis nous présentons le PIBID, sa création et son évolution jusqu’à nos jours où il va être remplacé par le Programme de Résidence Pédagogique.Dans la deuxième partie, nous abordons un point technique essentiel pour comprendre le PIBID : le système statistique complexe utilisé au Brésil pour piloter le système éducatif et repérer les écoles ayant le plus d’élèves en difficulté afin de les encourager à participer à ce programme en accueillant des boursiers. Au chapitre III, nous décrivons le Recensement Scolaire et son organisation. Nous explicitons certains concepts statistiques comme le flux scolaire et le taux de performance. Pour trouver des comparaisons pertinentes entre le Brésil et de la France, nous portons notre attention sur le redoublement et le décrochage scolaire en France. Au chapitre IV nous approfondissons ces concepts en détaillant le fonctionnement du S.A.E.B. (Système National d’Évaluation de l’Éducation de Base) et le calcul de l’I.D.E.B. (Indice de Développement de l’Éducation de Base) qui est crucial pour le P.I.B.I.D.Dans la troisième partie au chapitre V, nous analysons les réponses aux questions que nous avons posées lors des entretiens menés auprès de 34 acteurs du P.I.B.I.D. L’intégralité des échanges traduits en français figure à l’Annexe A. V. La transcription représente plus de 3 700 tours de parole.Enfin la quatrième partie est consacrée au point central de notre réflexion sur la formation des enseignants de mathématiques au Brésil, c’est-à-dire l’apport des théories pédagogiques et didactiques à cette formation.Nous décrivons brièvement au chapitre VI, l’influence au Brésil des recherches françaises en pédagogie et en didactique des mathématiques, en prenant en considération les travaux de Gaston Bachelard et Jean Piaget pour la pédagogie et de Guy Brousseau, Gérard Vergnaud, Yves Chevallard et Michèle Artigue, Gérard Sensevy et Rémi Brissiaud pour la didactique. Dans le chapitre VII, après un bref rappel des dispositifs de formation des enseignants en France nous portons un regard personnel sur cette formation dans les E.S.P.E. à travers des comptes rendus de séances d’observation que nous a pu effectuer à Nice. Enfin concernant le P.I.B.I.D., nous concluons que c’est un programme innovant qui a apporté beaucoup de progrès dans la formation des enseignants, et nous suggérons quelques améliorations sur la nature des stages dans les écoles et en retour quelques améliorations à apporter en France dans le choix des écoles où se déroulent les stages de formation des futurs enseignants.Cette recherche est complétée par une bibliographie de 180 références. / In this thesis, we study the impact of the P.I.B.I.D. (Programa Institucional of Bolsas de Iniciação in Docência), training program of teachers in Brazil, created in 2007, on the formation of the teachers of mathematics.Our problem is twofold: does the P.I.B.I.D. provide a significant improvement in teacher training ?, and for mathematics teachers: is the didactic of mathematics, as taught in Higher Education Institutes, really linked to the class practice of teachers trained by this program?The impact of French thought in the Brazilian educational sphere is undeniable. These are great French researchers who led the construction of Brazilian teacher training curricula. It is therefore natural to compare the training given by P.I.B.I.D. with that given in the E.S.P.E. in France.Four parts compose this thesis. In the first we draw the general framework in which teacher training takes place by doing a brief comparison of the Brazilian and French school systems in Chapter I. In the following chapter, after presenting briefly the Brazilian higher education system, we write a historical of the training of teachers in Brazil since 1827, next we present the P.I.B.I.D., its creation and its evolution until our days when it will be replaced by the Pedagogical Residence Program.In the second part, we address an essential technical point to understand the P.I.B.I.D.: the complex statistical system used in Brazil to steer the education system and identify the schools with the most students in difficulty, to encourage them to participate in this program, welcoming fellows future teachers. In Chapter III, we describe the School Census and its organization. We explain some statistical concepts such as school flow and performance rate. To find relevant comparisons between Brazil and France, we turn our attention to repetition and drop out of school in France. In Chapter IV we delve deeper into these concepts by detailing the functioning of the National Basic Education Assessment System (S.A.E.B.) and the calculation of the I.D.E.B. (Basic Education Development Index) which is crucial for the P.I.B.I.D.In the third part, in Chapter V, we analyze the answers to the questions we asked in interviews with 34 stakeholders in the P.I.B.I.D. All the exchanges translated into French are given in Appendix A. V. The transcript represents more than 3,700 speaking slots.Finally, the fourth part is devoted to the central point of our reflection on the training of mathematics teachers in Brazil, that is to say the contribution of pedagogical and didactic theories to this training. We briefly describe in Chapter VI, the influence in Brazil of French researches in pedagogy and didactics of mathematics, taking into account the work of Gaston Bachelard and Jean Piaget for pedagogy and Guy Brousseau, Gérard Vergnaud, Yves Chevallard, Michèle Artigue, Gérard Sensevy and Rémi Brissiaud for didactics.In Chapter VII, after a brief review of teacher training schemes in France, we take a personal look at this training in the E.S.P.E. through reports of observation sessions that we have done in Nice.Finally, concerning the P.I.B.I.D., we conclude that it is an innovative program that has made a lot of progress in the training of teachers, and we suggest some improvements on the nature of internships in schools and in return some improvement to be made in France in the choice of schools where the training courses for future teachers take place.This research is completed by a bibliography of 180 references.

A partir da articulação entre dois campos de conhecimento distintos, a Antropologia e a Educação, esse trabalho teve como objetivo problematizar as construções de categorias e significados relativos à temática da diversidade em discursos e práticas educacionais. Buscou-se, também, compreender de que maneira essas categorias são mobilizadas em diferentes instâncias: nos discursos institucionais e acadêmicos e naqueles produzidos no cotidiano escolar. Muito se produz nas ciências sociais a respeito dessas questões, embora seja mais ou menos recente a tentativa de articular diversas categorias (raça, gênero, classe, sexualidade, idade etc.) com vistas a compreender como a diversidade é construída e manipulada em toda sua complexidade. A presente pesquisa pretendeu contribuir para essa reflexão. / Starting from the articulation between two distinct fields of knowledge, Anthropology and Education, this dissertation had as its main objective to problematize the way categories and meanings towards the theme diversity are constructed in educational discourses and practices. Another objective was to understand the way those categories are used in different fields, such as institutional and academic discourses, as well as discourses produced in the school everyday life. Quite a lot has been produced about this subject, although the attempt to articulate different categories (race, gender, class, sexuality, age etc.) in order to understand the complex construction of diversity may be recent. This dissertation intended to contribute to this reflection.

Os ambientes virtuais de aprendizagem estão cada vez mais populares e estão recebendo cada vez mais atenção das pesquisas acadêmicas devido ao avanço tecnológico na última década e na modernização das escolas e ambientes de ensino. Diversos estudos apontam que alunos que utilizam sistemas educacionais melhoram o seu desempenho e aprendem mais. Entretanto, problemas importantes que dificultam sua utilização ainda precisam ser investigados. Dentre eles, um dos principais problemas encontrados é o uso inadequado destes sistemas por parte dos alunos. O tédio, desinteresse, monotonia, a falta de motivação, entre outros fatores, acabam por fazer com que o aluno se comporte inadequadamente ao interagir com o sistema. O comportamento inadequado mais conhecido é trapacear o sistema (do Inglês \"gaming the system\"). Ao externalizar este comportamento, o aluno tenta identificar formas de resolver os exercícios mecanicamente, sem levar em consideração o que precisa ser aprendido. Nesse contexto, esse trabalho tem por objetivo estudar e definir uma alternativa para diminuir o comportamento indesejável nos sistemas por meio do uso de técnicas de Gamificação. Essas técnicas permitem \"persuadir\" o aluno a interagir de forma correta com o sistema. Este trabalho apresenta o desenvolvimento de um sistema educacional gamificado (E-Game) a fim de comprovar se os elementos de jogos auxiliam na diminuição de comportamentos como gaming the system nos alunos, aumentando a motivação deles durante a atividade. O sistema educacional foi submetido a experimentos empíricos em ambientes reais de aprendizagem para que fosse possível obter diferentes tipos de dados para análise. Dessa forma, um outro sistema educacional foi desenvolvido, sem técnicas de gamificação, a fim de obter dados comparativos. Um experimento foi realizado numa escola estadual de São Carlos com o total de 60 alunos. Observou-se, a partir do experimento, que há uma diferença estatisticamente significativa quando se usa os sistemas gamificado e não gamificado. Empiricamente, os resultados comprovam que há uma diminuição do comportamento externalizado gaming the system com o uso de sistemas educacionais gamificados. Além disso, foi observada uma diferença nos resultados relacionada aos gênero dos alunos, até então desconhecida pela literatura. Foi detectado que o gênero masculino externalizou menos trapaças durante o uso do sistema educacional gamificado, em relação ao gênero feminino. Por outro lado, o gênero feminino externalizou menos trapaças no ambiente não gamificado, em comparação ao ambiente gamificado. / Researches in Virtual Learning Environments are getting increasing attention from the research community due to the technological advances of the last decade, the modernization of schools and teaching environments. Several studies indicate that students who use virtual learning environments improve their performance and learn more. However, there are important problems that hinder their use and need to be further investigated. Among them, one of the main problems is the inappropriate use of these systems by students. The boredom, lack of interest, monotony, lack of motivation, among other factors, ultimately causes the student to behave inappropriately when interacting with these systems. The best known improper behavior is Gaming the System, which makes the student to ignore the content to be learned and find ways to perform mechanically the activities proposed by the system. In this content, this project aims to study and define an alternative to reduce the appearance of this undesirable behaviors through the use of gamification techniques, where it can persuade the student to interact with the system in a proper way. This work presents the development of a gamified educational system (E-Game) in order to prove if the game elements can reduce the behavior such as Gaming the System, increasing the motivation in the students during the activity. The educational system was submitted to empirical experiments in real virtual learning environments, in order to get real data to analyze. Also, another educational system was developed, without the game elements, in order to get comparative data. One of the experiments was executed in a school in São Carlos city, with 60 students in the sixth grade. The results of the experiment showed that statistically there is a significative difference during the use of gamified and non-gamified educational systems. Empirically, the results proved that the externalization of undesirable behaviors decreased during the use of gamified educational systems. Furthermore, it was observed a difference in the results related to the students gender, so far not noticed in the literature. It was detected that the male gender externalized less undesirable behaviors in the gamified systems, than the female gender. On the other hand, the female gender practiced less gaming the system in the non-gamified environment, compared to the gamified environment.

O objetivo desse estudo é avaliar a eficiência técnica dos sistemas municipais de educação no Estado de São Paulo, especificamente no nível de ensino fundamental. Para calcular a eficiência técnica na provisão de serviços educacionais, vamos empregar o método não-paramétrico denominado Análise Envoltória de Dados Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) em dois estágios. O primeiro estágio consiste em calcular os índices de eficiência pelo modelo DEA e, o segundo em estimar, por meio de uma regressão censurada Tobit, os parâmetros das variáveis que podem influenciar nos índices obtidos no primeiro estágio. Os resultados identificaram, sob a hipótese de retornos variáveis à escala, 93 municípios eficientes tecnicamente e, que os municípios operam em média com 14% de ineficiência de escala. Foi possível, ainda, constatar o grau de influência das variáveis socioeconômicas sobre a eficiência técnica e, identificar os fatores que afetam positivamente a eficiência técnica dos sistemas municipais de educação, como a escolaridade das mães, não reprovar de ano, entre outros. / The objective of this study is to evaluate the technical efficiency of the municipal system of education in the state of São Paulo, specifically in the level of fundamental school. To calculate the technical efficiency in the provision of educational services we will adopt the non parametric method denominated Data envelopment analysis (DEA) in two stages. The first stage consists in calculate the efficiency indexes with the DEA model and the second consists in estimate through a censored regression Tobit, the parameters of the variables that can influence the indexes obtained in the first stage. The results identified, under the hypothesis of variables returns to scale, 93 municipals technically efficient and that the municipals operate with 14% of inefficiency of scale. It was possible yet to identify the degree of influence of the socioeconomic variables over the technical efficiency and the factors that affect positively the technical efficiency of the municipal systems of education as the mothers educational level, non repetition, amongst others.

The diploma thesis devoted to "Development and education of teachers of pre-primary education system" examines the needs of pedagogical education and other possibilities of education of pedagogical staff of pre-primary education. The thesis deals with the development of professional and competence skills that are applicable in the pre-primary education system. The thesis deals with the legislative requirements for the education of future teachers, which is adequate for full use. The aim of the diploma thesis is to describe the system of the pre-primary education required by the system of education and to compare it with the requirements of the real needs of the pre-primary education activities of the educator in order to prepare for education with the help of their competence skills. Asked research questions are whether the theoretical and practical knowledge gained by the required study is sufficient according to the teachers' views for the performance of a novice pre-primary educator, whether pre-primary educators are trying to engage in further education and what types of courses are used by pre-primary teachers. The research itself is focused on finding activity and using the offer of further education of pedagogical staff. A total of eight teachers from three pre-primary education facilities...

This thesis examines inequality of educational opportunities (IEO) in the transition to higher education. IEO measures the difference in higher education entry rates across social groups. The theoretical framework lays on Boudon's decomposition of IEO into primary and secondary effects of stratification. Furthermore, the theoretical propositions of Maximally Maintained Inequality (MMI) and Effectively Maintained Inequality (EMI) were also assessed to gain further understanding of IEO. The longitudinal data for the empirical analysis was created for a student cohort by linking administrative records of Chile's national student register, standardised tests and higher education enrolment. The student cohort was followed through the 12-years of compulsory education up to the transition to higher education, a year after completing secondary education. The results from the empirical analysis showed that secondary effects were consistently predominant over primary effects, driving the overall IEO. On the other hand, controlling for school characteristics increased the relative importance of secondary effects. However, primary effects explained a large extent of IEO in the transition to traditional (most prestigious) universities, by the same token, in the transition to undergraduate programmes. Differences in parental education levels between secondary education completion and higher education transitions proved to be consistent with MMI. Likewise, the higher likelihood of less advantaged students to enrol in vocational colleges or vocational programmes, and the higher likelihood of advantaged students to enrol in traditional universities or undergraduate programmes, evidenced support for EMI. The modelling setting was based on non-linear mediation modelling, accounting for sample-selection in the student cohort, two-level cross-classification between primary and secondary schools, and multinomial outcomes for type of institution and programme. This thesis contributes to the educational attainment literature by finding evidence that, in emerging economies like Chile, educational inequality persists despite the sustained expansion of the educational system.

The thesis deals with the workers' education of the company AGC Flat Glass Czech a.s. The first part describes the theoretical aspects of education and development of the employees in the firm -- the process of education, educational methods, trends in human resource development, efficiency and costs of training, the plans of succession. Further it characterizes the current state of education and development of the individuals from the perspective of the Czech Republic, and compares the results especially to the European context. The practical part analyses the current system of training and development of workers in the company based on the executed survey. The aim is to assess the current concept of education in the firm AGC Flat Glass Czech, a.s.

Education is an important component of social and economic development and an essential factor that affects the classification of each individual in society. This diploma is focused on a connection of educational system and labour market. The theoretical part deals with educational system and the vision of educational policy which should reflect the social demands in the long term. The educational system is directly connected with the labour market. Graduates who come on the market to find their place are specific group. The supply is mainly based on achieved level of education and a field of study. Demand for their skills is not often in accordance with the offer and endangers their chances of success. The objective of the diploma is to analyse regional labour market of graduates in the district of Nymburk. The survey between students and pupils of high schools in the region was an unnecessary part of its work. This survey should have shown motives of choice of studied subject and approach of future graduates in terms of searching for a very first and further jobs in their career.