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Le but de la présente étude « Le Rôle des Troupes de Démons Hostiles aux Vivants dans l’Égypte Ancienne » est déterminé les critères qui définissent le rôle des catégories des démons qui manifestent en troupes pour influencer les gens dans la vie terrestre. Le premier chapitre de la thèse intitulée « Le début du rôle des troupes de démons dans la vie terrestre et les aspects qui Identifient son nature » identifie trois points principaux: « Les Sources qui témoignent le rôle des troupes de démons avec les gens sur la terre », « Le rôle des troupes de démons: Quand et pourquoi? », et « Remarques préliminaires sur les troupes de démons ». Chapitre deux porte le titre « Identification des troupes de démons ». Les troupes étudiées dans ce chapitre sont disposés en fonction de leur importance, cet aspect est déterminé lors de l'analyse des rôles attribués à chacun de ces troupes en ce qui concerne la date de l'apparition et de la diversité des rôles. Ces troupes sont: #Atyw « Les Exécuteurs », Wpwtyw « Les Messagers », ^mAyw « Les Errants », @nTtyw « Les Bouchers », awAyw « Les Voleurs », %wAw « Les Passants », et @rytyw « Ceux qui répandent la terreur ». Les détails concernant les connotations du nom, les rôles principaux et les tâches sont discutées en sous-titres sous les rubriques qui discutent chaque troupe des démons. Chapitre trois intitulé « Désignations: Ontologie de l'identité et du caractère » traite des différents titres et épithètes qui sont apparus dans le corpus comme désignation pour les troupes de démons identifiés dans le chapitre deux. Le plus important de ces désignations sont: NTrw « Divine », NDstyw « Divinités mineures », Mdwt « Les paroles (des dieux) », Prryw m Irt Ra « qui sortent de l'Œil de Rê », &pyw-a-%xmt « Avant-gardes de Sekhmet », Imyw-xt-%xmt « Arrière-gardes de Sekhmet », ^msw « Les cortèges », Wpwtyw « Les Messagers », nTrw mDAwt « Dieux de Livres », Apdw « Les Oiseaux », TAw « Les Vents », %bAw « Les Etoiles », Imyw-spspw « Ceux qui sont avec les couteaux », %tyw « Ceux qui tirent des flèches », ^srw « Les Flèches », _Sr « Le rouge », +Ayw « Les adversaires », +ww « Les maux ». Ces désignations sont classées selon les catégories thématiques qui les identifient. Chapitre quatre est intitulé « Propagation et Provocation des troupes de démons sur Terre: Dieux maîtres des Démons et les zones de menace ». Il traite des principaux aspects qui contrôlent la manifestation de démons sur terre. L'élément le plus important est les divinités qui contrôlent les démons. Chapitre cinq traite la « Nature de la tâche de troupes des démons sur Terre ». Les rubriques de ce chapitre étudient les aspects qui permettent d'identifier le rôle des démons dans la vie terrestre et comment la tâche démoniaque peut être défini en ce qui concerne les éléments de la dualité et de l'inimitié, etc. Chapitre six présente « Le Plan et le cours de la tâche ». Le but de ce chapitre est d'identifier les actions que les démons suivent afin d'affecter les gens. Les chapitres sept et huit traitent « Les Effets des troupes des démons dans la vie terrestre ». Ils discutent respectivement « la mort » et « la maladie ». Enfin le chapitre neuf définit « Le rôle de la magie dans la protection des Mortels contre les troupes des démons sur Terre ». Dans ce chapitre les aspects liés au temps et la cible sont entraîné. Concernant le contenu du corpus, les sources de l'étude sont disposées en quatre parties, dont chacune traite avec un groupe de textes de la même catégorie. Le sujet de cette étude est présenté dans neuf chapitres et une annexe y compris le corpus. La présentation des catégories est ordonnée selon leurs importances. La première partie est intitulée « Les Incantations magiques prophylactiques ». Cette partie est d'abord introduite comme l'apogée de la pensée égyptienne concernant la capacité des démons d'influer les différents aspects de la vie des gens sur la terre. Les textes de la première partie sont classés en deux sections... / The present study The Role of Malevolent Demon Troops with the Livings in Ancient Egypt aims to determine the criteria that defines the role of the category of demons who manifest in troops to affect people in the earthly life. The subject of this study is discussed in nine chapters and an annex including the corpora.It is better to start by displaying the contents of the corpora. The first chapter of the thesis entitled Arising of the Role of Demon Troops in Terrestrial Life and Aspects Identifying its Nature identifies three main points: Sources Recording the Role of Demon Troops with Mortals on Earth, The Role of Demon Troops: When and Why? And Preliminary Notes about Demon Troops.Chapter two bears the title Identification of Demon Troops. The troops studied in this chapter are arranged according to their importance, that aspect is determined upon the analysis of the roles attributed to each of these troops regarding the time of appearance and the diversity of roles. These troops are: #Atyw “The Executioners, Wpwtyw “The Messengers”, ^mAyw “The Wanderers”, @nTtyw “The Butchers”, awAyw “The Robbers”, %wAw “The Passers-by”, and @rytyw “Those Who Spread Terror”. Details about the connotations of the name, the main roles and tasks are discussed under each troop of demons.Chapter three entitled Designations: The Ontology of Identity and Character discusses the different titles and epithets that appeared in the corpora as designation for the troops of demons identified in chapter two. The most important of these designations are: NTrw “Divine”, NDstyw “minor Divinities”, Mdwt “Words (of Gods)”, Prryw m Irt Re “Who Go Out from the Eye of Re”, &pyw-a-%xmt “Vaunguards of Sekhmet”, Imyw-xt %xmt “Rearguards of Sekhmet”, ^msw “The Retinues”, Wpwtyw “Messengers”, NTrw mDAwt “Gods of Books”, Apdw “Birds”, TAw “Winds”, %bAw “Stars”, Imyw-spspw “Those with the knives”, %tyw “Those who shoot arrows”, ^srw “Arrows”, bin “The Bad”, _Sr “The red”, +Ayw “The Adversaries”, +ww “The Evil”. These designations are presented classified according to thematic categories identifying them.Chapter four bears the title Propagation and Provocation of Demon Troops on Earth: Superordinate Deities and Threat Zones. It deals with the main aspects that control the manifestation of demons on earth. The most important element is the deities who control demons. Chapter five deals with Nature of Task of the Demon Troops on Earth. The rubrics of this chapter study the aspects that identify the role of demons in the earthly life and how the demonic task can be defined regarding the elements of duality and enmity and so on.Chapter six presents Plan and Course of the Task. The aim of this chapter is identifying the actions that demons follow in order to affect people.Chapters seven and eight deal with the Impact of Demon Troops in Terrestrial Life. They respectively discusses the Death and the Disease.Finally chapter nine comes to define The Role of Magic in the Protection of Mortals against Demon Troops on Earth. The aspects connected to time, location and the targeted are also entailed.Concerning the corpora, the sources of the study are arranged in four parts, each of which deals with a group of texts from the same category. The order of presenting the categories is according to their importance. In the first part the Magical Prophylactic Incantations are firstly introduced as the apogee of the Egyptian thought concerning the capacity of demons to affect the different aspects of the life of people on earth.

Bibliography: leaves 515-531 / The Brooklyn Papyrus (47.218.48 and 47.218.85) is the handbook of the Priests of Serqet who were called upon to treat snakebite victims in ancient Egypt. The first part of the Brooklyn Papyrus describes various snakes encountered by the ancient Egyptians, and the effects of the bites of these snakes. The second part of the Papyrus contains the numerous treatments that were used to treat the snakebite victims. The primary question of the thesis is to address how the ancient Egyptians treated snakebite victims; and if it is possible to identify the snakes that they encountered, as treatment often hinges on this identification. Additional questions are addressed, namely: What is the Brooklyn Papyrus exactly and what is its background? How does the Brooklyn Papyrus compare to the well-known ancient Egyptian medical papyri? How does the snakebite treatment of the ancient Egyptians compare to that of today’s treatment protocol? In order to answer these questions, this thesis provides my transliteration of the hieroglyphic writing into Latin script, and my translation into English, based on the hieratic to hieroglyphic transliteration done by Serge Sauneron in the late 1960s, and published in 1989 as Un Traité Egyptien d’Ophiologie. The primary aim of this thesis is to provide a transliteration and full English translation of the Brooklyn Papyrus, as none is currently available. It is clear that from the translation that one can discover exactly how snakebite was treated in ancient Egypt: what medicinal ingredients were used and how the patient was treated. Furthermore, from the text describing the snakes and the effects of their bites, one can indeed attempt to identify the species of snakes. It is also apparent from the Brooklyn Papyrus that the ancient Egyptians did recognise and accurately describe many effects of snakebite on the human body, as well as the different types of bite wounds: and they also understood the importance of being able to identify a species of snake as it very often impacted on the treatment to be prescribed—exactly as snakebite treatment is considered in medicine today / Biblical and Ancient studies / D. Litt. et Phil. (Ancient Near Eastern Studies)

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In the nineteenth century, theatre and newspapers were the dominant expressions of popular culture in the northeastern United States, and together formed a crucial discursive node in the ongoing negotiation of American national identity. Focusing on the five decades between 1820 and 1870, during which touring stars from Great Britain enjoyed their most lucrative years of popularity on United States stages, this dissertation examines three instances in which English performers entered into this nationalizing forum and became flashpoints for journalists seeking to define the nature and bounds of American citizenship and culture. In 1821, Edmund Kean’s refusal to perform in Boston caused a scandal that revealed a widespread fixation among social elites with delineating the ethnic and economic limits of citizenship in a republican nation. In 1849, an ongoing rivalry between the English tragedian William Charles Macready and his American competitor Edwin Forrest culminated in the deadly Astor Place riot. By configuring the actors as champions in a struggle between bourgeois authority and working-class populism, the New York press inserted these local events into international patterns of economic conflict and revolutionary violence. Nearly twenty years later, the arrival of the Lydia Thompson Burlesque Troupe in 1868 drew rhetoric that reflected the popular press’ growing preoccupation with gender, particularly the question of woman suffrage and the preservation of the United States’ international reputation as a powerfully masculine nation in the wake of the Civil War. Three distinct cultural currents pervade each of these case studies: the new nation’s anxieties about its former colonizer’s cultural influence, competing political and cultural ideologies within the United States, and the changing perspectives and agendas of the ascendant popular press. Exploring the points where these forces intersect, this dissertation aims to contribute to an understanding of how popular culture helped shape an emerging sense of American national identity. Ultimately, this dissertation argues that in the mid-nineteenth century northeastern United States, popular theatre, newspapers, and audiences all contributed to a single media formation in which controversial English performers became a rhetorical antipode against which “American” identity could be defined. / text

The aim of this thesis is to arrive at a characterisation of twentieth century poetry and science by means of a detailed study of the work of four poets who engaged extensively with science and whose writing lives spanned the greater part of the period. The study of science in the work of the four chosen poets, Hugh MacDiarmid (1892 – 1978), Judith Wright (1915 – 2000), Edwin Morgan (1920 – 2010), and Miroslav Holub (1923 – 1998), is preceded by a literature survey and an initial theoretical chapter. This initial part of the thesis outlines the interdisciplinary history of the academic subject of poetry and science, addressing, amongst other things, the challenges presented by the episodes known as the ‘two cultures' and the ‘science wars'. Seeking to offer a perspective on poetry and science more aligned to scientific materialism than is typical in the interdiscipline, a systemic challenge to Thomas Kuhn's The Structure of Scientific Revolutions (1962) is put forward in the first chapter. Additionally, the founding work of poetry and science, I. A. Richards's Science and Poetry (1926), is assessed both in the context in which it was written, and from a contemporary viewpoint; and, as one way to understand science in poetry, a theory of the creative misreading of science is developed, loosely based on Harold Bloom's The Anxiety of Influence (1973). The detailed study of science in poetry commences in Chapter II with Hugh MacDiarmid's late work in English, dating from his period on the Shetland Island of Whalsay (1933 – 1941). The thesis in this chapter is that this work can be seen as a radical integration of poetry and science; this concept is considered in a variety of ways including through a computational model, originally suggested by Robert Crawford. The Australian poet Judith Wright, the subject of Chapter III, is less well known to poetry and science, but a detailed engagement with physics can be identified, including her use of four-dimensional imagery, which has considerable support from background evidence. Biology in her poetry is also studied in the light of recent work by John Holmes. In Chapter IV, science in the poetry of Edwin Morgan is discussed in terms of its origin and development, from the perspective of the mythologised science in his science fiction poetry, and from the ‘hard' technological perspective of his computer poems. Morgan's work is cast in relief by readings which are against the grain of some but not all of his published comments. The thesis rounds on its theme of materialism with the fifth and final chapter which studies the work of Miroslav Holub, a poet and practising scientist in communist-era Prague. Holub's work, it is argued, represents a rare and important literary expression of scientific materialism. The focus on materialism in the thesis is not mechanistic, nor exclusive of the domain of the imagination; instead it frames the contrast between the original science and the transformed poetic version. The thesis is drawn together in a short conclusion.