Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2018-06-06T12:06:21Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Bruno Willian Brandão Domingues.pdf: 25234888 bytes, checksum: eeed9afd2f373c96d0586241d3dbfd5b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-06T12:06:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Bruno Willian Brandão Domingues.pdf: 25234888 bytes, checksum: eeed9afd2f373c96d0586241d3dbfd5b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-04-05 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / In order to analyze how foreign travelers reported and portrayed Brazil, the following research had been devoted to Jean-Baptiste Debret's analyzes of iconographic and written sources. Debret's artistic history at the court of Napoleon Bonaparte had greatly influenced his choice as a historical painter of the court of D. João VI and later of D. Pedro I after his coming to Brazil as part of the "Mission" Artistica Francesa, closely following all the events of the monarchy in the tropics. Through the study of his works, we realized that his role was not only as a historical painter, but also a picturesque painter, with a vast collection of representations of the daily life and culture of the Brazilian people, especially in the city of Rio de Janeiro / Com o objetivo de analisar a maneira como os viajantes estrangeiros relataram e retrataram o Brasil, a seguinte pesquisa se dedica às análises das fontes iconográficas e escritas de Jean-Baptiste Debret. O histórico artístico de Debret na corte de Napoleão Bonaparte, influenciara amplamente na sua escolha como pintor histórico da corte de D. João VI e futuramente de D. Pedro I após sua vinda ao Brasil como componente da “Missão” Artística Francesa, acompanhando de perto todos os acontecimentos da monarquia nos trópicos. Por meio do estudo de suas obras, percebemos que seu papel não foi somente como pintor histórico, mas também um pintor pitoresco, com um vasto acervo de representações do cotidiano e da cultura do povo brasileiro, principalmente da cidade do Rio de Janeiro

Submitted by Angela Maria de Oliveira (amolivei@uepg.br) on 2017-11-28T10:40:53Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) Pamella Louise Camargo.pdf: 1295109 bytes, checksum: 1778739a61b2071632922d74a8bd07ed (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-28T10:40:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) Pamella Louise Camargo.pdf: 1295109 bytes, checksum: 1778739a61b2071632922d74a8bd07ed (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-16 / A obra La Sorcière foi escrita em 1862 pelo historiador francês Jules Michelet e trata do tema da feitiçaria na Europa. A obra busca contemplar desde a criação da figura da feiticeira até a perseguição em massa promovida pela inquisição. Escrita em cerca de dois meses, em meio ao movimento romântico e em uma época de embates entre literatura e história, La Sorcière apresenta uma concepção romântica de concretude dos fenômenos mágicos e da bruxaria como crença de resistência popular ao clero e a nobreza. Pautada em uma estética literária próxima a do romance e com uma preocupação pedagógica; a obra acaba por ser precursora da noção de um culto organizado de bruxaria como rebeldia e “anti-religião”. Buscaremos demonstrar como a estética romântica e pedagógica de Michelet foi responsável pela ideia da bruxaria como permanência do paganismo europeu. Essa ideia de permanência e rebeldia auxiliou a moldar as modernas práticas de bruxaria e neopaganismo. Buscaremos, portanto, demonstrar que Michelet pode ser considerado, através de sua obra, um dos precursores da Wicca, a bruxaria moderna.Para tanto nos utilizaremos das teorias da Estética da Recepção de Jauss e a Teoria do Efeito Estético de Iser, dando ênfase a última. / The work La Sorcière was written in 1862 by the French historian Jules Michelet and deals with the theme of witchcraft in Europe. The work seeks to contemplate from the creation of the figure of the sorceress to a mass persecution promoted by the inquisition. Written in about two months, amid the romantic movement and in an era of interchange between literature and history, La Sorcière presents a romantic conception of the concretization of magical phenomena and witchcraft as a belief of popular resistance to the clergy and a nobility. Guided by a literary aesthetic close to the novel and with a pedagogical concern; The work turns out to be precursory of the notion of an organized cult of witchcraft like rebellion and "anti-religion". We will try to demonstrate how Michelet's romantic and pedagogical aesthetic was responsible for the idea of witchcraft as a permanence of European paganism. This idea of permanence and rebellion is responsible for practical practices of witchcraft and neopaganism. We will try, therefore, to demonstrate that Michelet can be considered, through his work, one of the forerunners of Wicca, a modern witchery. For this we will use the theories of the Aesthetics of the Reception of Jauss and the Theory of Esthetic Effect of Iser, emphasizing the last one.

This study examines Ludwig Zinzendorf’s political economy and the intellectual inspiration of his thinking. Zinzendorf, a protégé of Kaunitz, was a sophisticated economic thinker in the mid eighteenth-century Habsburg monarchy who was part of the wider intellectual movement in Europe dedicated to understanding political economy and presenting it as an independent and important activity. Self- educated, polyglot and hard-working, Zinzendorf was formidably well read and impressively numerate. His output was detailed and analytical. With an exceptionally wide knowledge, he offered a more original way to discuss the economy than the essentially didactic approach of cameralist writers. He was a reformer dedicated to propagating the most advanced European ideas and practices. This study is divided into five chapters: chapter one covers the relationship between Zinzendorf and Kaunitz and Zinzendorf’s formative years in France from 1750 to 1752. The influence of French economic thinkers on Zinzendorf’s intellectual development, Jean-François Melon and Vincent de Gournay in particular, is the subject of chapter two. Chapter three is devoted to Zinzendorf’s German translation of John Law’s Money and Trade. The development of Zinzendorf’s ideas on state credit, notably the creation of a new stock exchange and political bank in the monarchy, modelled on the Bank of England, is discussed in chapter four. The final chapter examines how Zinzendorf operated as a sophisticated financial expert in the monarchy. He sought to provide a different kind of economic advice and attempted to open-up government to new concepts on the economy. He was influenced by the important contribution in France made by Gournay and his circle of writers in disseminating foreign ideas by publishing in French a range of economic texts from rival nations. Zinzendorf, it is argued, attempted to apply a moderate format of Gournay’s initiative in the monarchy.

Submitted by Fabricia Fialho Reginato (fabriciar) on 2015-06-29T23:25:30Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Galhegos.pdf: 3090921 bytes, checksum: a1655601b99ff65b1ba2fd8d82b58a55 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-06-29T23:25:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Galhegos.pdf: 3090921 bytes, checksum: a1655601b99ff65b1ba2fd8d82b58a55 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Nenhuma / Após mais de um século e meio de perigosos e esporádicos contatos com os nativos do Chaco, a Coroa espanhola iniciou, na segunda metade do século 17, um projeto de catequização através do incentivo à atuação de missões evangélicas na região, a fim de estabelecer uma aproximação pacífica com os diversos grupos indígenas e permitir uma passagem segura à rota comercial entre o porto de Buenos Aires e as minas andinas do Chile. Ainda que esta nova abordagem colonizadora não tenha resultado na pacificação dos índios chaquenhos, o contato foi intensificado por causa da proliferação de reduções evangélicas naquela região ao longo do setecentos, levando muitos missionários e expedicionários a aventurarem-se no interior do Chaco, com o intuito de contatarem grupos mais afastados do convívio colonial. Esta oportunidade gerou uma série de impressões, críticas, descrições de caráter etnográfico, relatórios oficiais, acordos e negociações documentados ao longo de todo o século 18, que permitem a análise não apenas do discurso que os espanhóis produziram a respeito do contato, mas também da postura, do entendimento e das escolhas que os índios tiveram em relação ao convívio com os agentes e instituições coloniais. A presente tese tem como objetivo, a partir da análise de registros históricos produzidos por observadores civis e religiosos, de uma historiografia sobre o contato entre nativos e europeus no Chaco e de etnografias produzidas a respeito de grupos chaquenhos contemporâneos, demonstrar que os índios tomavam suas decisões e atitudes a partir de uma lógica que não era espontânea ou casuística, nem fruto do improviso frente às novas situações postas pelo avanço colonial. Esta lógica se sustentava num complexo sistema mitológico que guiava as percepções e o pensamento indígena, dotando-lhes de uma cosmologia própria e distinta da dos colonizadores modernos. Para comprovar tal hipótese, analiso três características do cotidiano socioeconômico indígena, cujos fundamentos práticos respaldam-se na relação com elementos mitológicos e, consequentemente, no entendimento cosmológico que os índios possuíam do mundo: a guerra, as trocas reciprocitárias e o sistema econômico de produção e consumo alimentar. / After more than one and a half century of dangerous and sporadic contacts made with natives from Chaco, the Spanish Crown began, in the second half of the seventeenth century, an evangelizing project by the encouragement of evangelical missions in that region, in order to establish a peaceful approach with the various indigenous groups and to ensure a safe transit to the trade route between Buenos Aires harbor and Chilean Andean mines. Although this new colonizing approach has not resulted in a native pacification, the contact between them was intensified by the proliferation of Reductions in the region over the referred century, leading many missionaries and explorers to venture into the interior of Chaco, with the purpose of having a broader contact with the uncontacted groups. This opportunity has generated a series of impressions, criticism, ethnographic descriptions, official reports, agreements and negotiations, which had been documented throughout the eighteenth century, enabling an analysis not only of the Spanish speech concerning the contact, but also the posture, the understanding and the choices indians made regarding the contact with agents and colonial institutions. This thesis details, as a result of studies carried out in a variety of historical records produced by civil and religious observers, from a historiography on the contact between natives and Europeans in Chaco and from ethnographies produced about Chaco’s contemporary groups, that indians made their own decisions and took actions on the basis of a logic that was not spontaneous or case-by-case, neither the result of improvisation with the new situations posed by colonial advance. This logic is held in a complex mythological system which guided the indigenous way of thinking and perceptions, providing their own cosmology, unlike that of modern colonizers. To demonstrate this hypothesis, I analyze three indigenous socioeconomic features on a daily basis, whose practical backgrounds rely on the relationship with mythological elements and thus on the cosmological understanding that indians possessed about the world: the war, the trade and the economic system of production and food consumption.

This thesis examines the importance Kentucky's religious denominations played in the development and transformation of early Kentucky (1770's to 1830). This thesis will show that though federal and regional governments may have created the laws that established newly opened territories, it was often the denominations that played an important role in the creation of that community and stability of the wider societies. Beginning with camp meetings this thesis will argue that denominations began the process of creating community by actively placing these meetings outside the bounds of early congregations and into the backcountry. In doing so denominations brought outsiders, in many cases for the first time, into direct contact with the denominations. This thesis will also argue that denominations developed a new form of worship that was more inclusive and more communal, allowing for wider participation by settlers, especially by women, children, or slaves at these meetings. This thesis will then turn its attention towards the ideas and concepts of the local congregation. This thesis will argue that the local congregation was ideally situated to reinforce the beginnings of community which were established with camp meetings. Through activities such as the calling of ministers as well as the election of elders, deacons, and other lay positions in their local congregation, settlers became active members of the local congregation and entered into a deeper connection with the community. The local congregation offered settlers access to an institution that was both local and communal. Finally this thesis will turn towards a study of physical church buildings arguing that such buildings expressed and reinforced concepts of community and stability. This thesis will argue that over time those congregations that had access to a church often found stability and security. This thesis will also focus on the layout of churches arguing that denominations strengthened already established and shared ideas of community within their congregations through these layouts. By understanding how denominations created community within Kentucky this thesis will argue that the denominations played an important role within newly established territories and that only through a study of these denominations can one begin to understand how the process of western expansion was able to succeed.

La présente thèse de doctorat analyse l’influence du fusil à baïonnette sur la tactique de l’infanterie française au XVIIIe siècle. Les travaux concernant cette arme ont, jusqu’ici, surtout traité des modèles produits, des méthodes de fabrication et de l’approvisionnement des régiments. Notre approche est celle d’un historien au contact des collections d’un grand musée militaire. Elle consiste à étudier le fusil du point de vue du maniement et, plus généralement, de sa mise en œuvre contre l’ennemi. L’objectif est de comprendre comment l’armée royale s’est adaptée à une arme aux faibles capacités techniques et balistiques. Les sources exploitées sont nombreuses et variées : archives techniques et tactiques de l’armée de Terre, ouvrages imprimés relatifs à l’art de la guerre, objets des collections du musée de l’Armée, à Paris.La première partie est consacrée aux origines, au développement et à la description matérielle du fusil. La deuxième partie examine ses usages tactiques. Le grand débat qui en résulte, opposant les partisans de l’ordre profond aux défenseurs de l’ordre mince, fait l’objet d’une relecture documentée. L’entraînement des soldats, les conditions du combat de ligne et l’émergence de l’infanterie légère sont également étudiés. La troisième partie tente de mesurer l’efficacité du fusil : à l’observation de son rôle au cours des batailles de Höchstädt (1704), de Dettingen (1743), de Fontenoy (1745) et des Plaines d’Abraham (1759), succède l’analyse des blessures causées par les balles et les baïonnettes. Après un siècle d’emploi du fusil par l’armée de l’Ancien Régime, les bases tactiques des guerres de la Révolution et de l’Empire sont posées. / This PhD dissertation analyses the influence of the flintlock musket upon the French infantry in the 18th century. Until now, studies of this weapon have particularly focused on the manufactured types, the manufacturing methods and regiment supplies. Our approach is one of a historian’s, working in a major military museum. It consists of studying the handling of the flintlock and more broadly speaking, how it was used against the enemy. The objective is to understand how the royal army managed to adapt to a weapon with little technical and ballistic capacity. We used various source materials: the technical and tactical archives of the French Army, numerous printed works on the art of warfare and objects from various collections of the Army museum in Paris.The first part of this dissertation is devoted to the origins, the development and the technical description of the musket. The second part examines its tactical uses. The main ensuing debate opposing supporters of the deep order against those of the thin line order has been re-examined in the light of new documents. The soldiers’ training, the conditions of line warfare and the emergence of the light infantry are also studied. The third part tries to assess the efficiency of the musket: the part it played during the battles of Blenheim (1704), Dettingen (1743), Fontenoy (1745) and the Plains of Abraham (1759) is carefully studied, then an analysis of the wounds caused by its bullets and bayonets logically follows. After a century of the Old Regime Army's use of the musket, the tactical basis of the French revolutionary and Napoleonic wars are set down.

Dans la perspective d’une contribution à l’histoire de l’Aquitaine, l’étude s’attache à définir un cadre spatial suffisamment représentatif – à savoir la vallée du Lot de Fumel à la confluence avec la Garonne. Le fait d’adjoindre à notre recherche, la zone de la confluence, place automatiquement notre étude dans la dépendance de l’axe garonnais, et du débouché en aval que constitue la ville portuaire de Bordeaux, dont on sait l’extraordinaire dynamisme au XVIIIe siècle. Quelles sont les stratégies de nos quatre communautés face au pôle d’attraction bordelais qui impulse, à la descente comme à la remonte, un trafic commercial largement tributaire des besoins d’une ville en pleine expansion et du commerce avec les îles. La matière constitutive de cette histoire sociale s’appuie sur le traitement quantitatif des contrats de mariages et inventaires après décès, ces derniers en nombres plus limités. Une première évaluation du corpus disponible pour les quatre localités citées et inventorié aux Archives du Lot-et-Garonne, dépasse les cinq mille documents. L’exploitation exhaustive de ces sources s’ordonne sur trois périodes de dix ou vingt ans voisinant les limites du XVIIIe siècle et une période en son milieu. Les données issues de notre enquête doivent permettre l’élaboration d’une stratigraphie sociale, témoignage significatif de la vocation particulière de chacune des localités. L’approche comparative sur la durée séculaire renforce cette perception en l’inscrivant dans une dynamique évolutive sur le long terme. Nous envisageons ainsi une lecture plus en profondeur, au plus près de l’individu, comme nous y invite le courant actuel de la réflexion historiographique autour des comportements. Ascension sociale et déclassement seront-ils lisibles comme autant de stratégies volontaires ou de reproduction d’un modèle fondé sur et dans sa catégorie d’appartenance, largement relayé par l’univers familial? / From the perspective of a contribution to the history of Aquitaine, the study will seek to set a sufficiently representative spatial framework - i.e. the Valley of the Lot to Fumel at the confluence with the River Garonne. The fact to add to our research, the area of the confluence place automatically our study in the dependence of the garonnais axis, and outlet downstream that is the port city of Bordeaux, is known to the extraordinary dynamism in the 18th century. What are the strategies of our four communities facing the Centre of Bordeaux attraction that impulse to the descent as to the dates, commercial traffic largely dependent on the needs of a growing city and trade with the Islands. The constituent material of this social history is based on the quantitative treatment of inventories after deaths and marriages contracts, these more limited; a first evaluation of the corpus available for the four localities cited, and inventoried in the Archives of Lot-et-Garonne, close to five thousand documents. The comprehensive exploitation of these sources is arranged on three periods of ten or twenty years surrounding the limits of the eighteenth century and a period in the middle. Our survey data should allow the development of a social stratigraphy, significant testimony of the particular vocation of each of the localities. The comparative approach to the age-old duration will strengthen this perception by placing it in an evolutionary dynamics in the long term. We also consider a reading more in depth, closer to the individual, as we invite the current historiographical reflection around behaviors. Will social ascent and decommissioning be readable as a voluntary strategies or reproduction of a model based on and in its category of membership, widely reported by the family universe?

Cette thèse étudie un corpus de romans anglais, encore peu étudiés en France et jamais étudiés collectivement, publiés entre 1782 et 1805 par des écrivains et des écrivaines se rattachant par leurs idées et, pour certains, leur militantisme actif, au mouvement radical qui se développe en Angleterre dans la seconde moitié du XVIIIe siècle, s’amplifie et s’organise sous l’impulsion de la Révolution française, puis, sévèrement réprimé par le gouvernement de William Pitt, s’effondre à la fin de la décennie. Cette séquence historique laisse des traces profondes dans l’œuvre des romanciers radicaux, dont beaucoup, comme William Godwin, Mary Wollstonecraft et John Thelwall, sont philosophes ou polémistes avant d’être romanciers et prennent la plume pour défendre les droits de l’homme (et de la femme) dans le débat anglais sur la Révolution française qui oppose Edmund Burke à Thomas Paine. En croisant l’histoire des idées politiques, l’histoire sociale et culturelle du mouvement radical, l’histoire du livre et la narratologie classique, ce travail s’efforce de mettre en lumière la façon dont les romans encodent une certaine idéologie politique dans leurs formes – du discours des locuteurs au format de publication des romans, en passant par leurs narrateurs, leurs intrigues, leurs personnages, leur style et leurs silences signifiants. Un tel examen fait ressortir, plutôt qu’une idéologie radicale unifiée, une tension récurrente entre deux versions, libérale et jacobine, bourgeoise et plébéienne, du radicalisme, dont l’articulation conflictuelle revêt différentes formes d’un auteur à l’autre et d’un terme à l’autre de la période étudiée, à mesure que la réaction conservatrice enterre les espoirs radicaux de réformes. / This dissertation examines a corpus of English novels which have been little studied in France as yet and never as a whole. The novels were published between 1782 and 1805 by a group of writers who, by their ideas and in some cases active political commitment, belong to the radical movement which developed in England in the second half of the eighteenth century, gained impetus and structure in the wake of the French Revolution, and collapsed at the end of the decade when faced with repression from the government of William Pitt. Radical novelists, many of whom, like William Godwin, Mary Wollstonecraft and John Thelwall, were philosophers and pamphleteers before they took to novel-writing, flew to the defence of the rights of man (and of the rights of woman) in the revolution controversy which pitted Thomas Paine against Edmund Burke – and their work bears the mark of the rise and demise of the radical movement. Combining intellectual history with classical narratology, book history, and the social and cultural history of radicalism, this dissertation seeks to highlight the way in which political ideology is built into the very forms of the novels – in the characters’ speech and the characters themselves, in the novels’ plot and narration type, in their style and publishing format, as well as in their meaningful silences. Such a study brings to light, rather than a coherent radical ideology, a recurring tension between two versions of radicalism, liberal and jacobin, bourgeois and plebeian, whose partly conflicting conjunction assumes different shapes from one novelist to the other and between the early 1780s and late 1790s, as radical hopes of reform sink under the conservative backlash.

Throughout the colonial period of Mexican history, cloistered nuns wrote spiritual journals at the request of their confessors. These documents were read and scrutinized, not only by the confessors, but also by others in the hierarchy of their Orders. They are important sources of study for historians in that they provide a window into the religious culture of the times and the spiritual mentality of their authors. This thesis will examine one such record, discovered in a collection of volumes at the Historical Franciscan Archive of Michoacán in Celaya, Mexico. The diary covers eleven months of 1751 in the life of a Franciscan nun -- believed to be María de Jesús Felipa who kept such records over a period of more than twenty years. María de Jesús Felipa was a visionary who experienced occasional ecstatic states. Through her contacts with the spiritual world, she pursued her own salvation and that of those most specifically in her charge: members of her own community -- the convent of San Juan de la Penitencia in Mexico City -- and the souls in purgatory. These encounters propelled her into different frames of time and space -- moving her into the past and the future, and transporting her to bucolic and horrific locations. Her diary ascribes meaning to these encounters by tying them to her life and her relationships within the convent. Her diary of 1751 also indicates that this spiritual activity and the records she kept brought her to the attention of the Inquisition. The thesis argues that, because of its cohesiveness of thought and consistency of focus, the diary effectively casts its record keeper as author of her own life story. A close reading reveals the inner thoughts and perceptions of a distinct personality. Her first-person account also reflects the character of Christianity, the impact of post-Tridentine reforms and difficulties in the governance of convents in eighteenth-century New Spain. Although always arduous and often unpleasant, writing provided Sor Maria with an opportunity to establish her integrity, exercise control, and justify her thoughts and actions as she pursued her vocation. Writing under the supervision of a confessor, María de Jesús Felipa was her own person. In its organization and focus, her diary resolutely records a struggle for self-determination within the limits imposed by the monastic vows of obedience, chastity, poverty and enclosure.

The dissertation is a study of the poetics of haikai in eighteenth-century Japan. It is more specifically concerned with the works of Yosa Buson and some of his followers. Rather than being a study of certain poems, it is an investigation of theories of aesthetics and composition, and of criticism. Most studies of haikai focus on the short haiku (or hokku) form, but the present study is more concerned with the core form of this poetry, the long chains of verses called "renku" or "haikai no renga". One important object of this study is to challenge some of the established views of haikai found in modern scholarship. For this purpose, many standpoints of haikai theory have been found useful, since they often approach questions of interpretation from new and unexpected angles. Theoretical stances that stress convention and traditionalism are criticized and the spirit of haikai is found to be more in concord with theories of cognitive poetics. The dissertation consists of three parts. The first is a study of general haikai theory. In this part are discussed theories of aesthetics, theories of creativity, and a few questions related to the interpretation of this kind of poetry. This discussion focuses on those questions that are central in Buson’s own writing on poetics and puts them into a broader context. The second part deals with practical theories of renku composing. An introductory chapter gives a historical background to many concepts used in Buson’s age, and this is followed by a full translation and critical study of a renku treatise written by his disciple Takai Kitō. The last part is an investigation of modern criticism written on Buson’s renku. All existing full-length studies of these poems are discussed in comparison. The absence of a long critical tradition concerning Buson’s renku has, in many cases, prevented the formation of established interpretations, and this is ideal for a study of this kind.