Submitted by Setor de Tratamento da Informa??o - BC/PUCRS (tede2@pucrs.br) on 2016-10-17T15:56:29Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TES_FERNANDO_SIMOES_ANTUNES_JUNIOR_COMPLETO.pdf: 4144214 bytes, checksum: edb3abf928625dd33d5c42df9ad2976c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-17T15:56:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TES_FERNANDO_SIMOES_ANTUNES_JUNIOR_COMPLETO.pdf: 4144214 bytes, checksum: edb3abf928625dd33d5c42df9ad2976c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-30 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / This study aims to establish, with a cross and exploratory way, some interfaces between the communication theoretical foundation, systemic thinking, neuroscience and linguistics. This relationship appears to evaluate how the elicitation of emotions generated from the symbolic constructs happen. It`s produced by the mass media, especially journalism, as well as shed light on the possible effects on the formation and reinterpretation of individual and collective beliefs as from this process. Considering, with a systemic perspective, that the triad mind-body-language builds a single and indivisible system, we used theoretical assumptions of Bateson (1987), Chomsky (2005), Dam?sio (2000/2012), Ekman (2011), Krznaric (2015), Jung (1991/ 2001/ 2008/ 2011?/ 2011b), among others, to develop circuits that explain the function of empathic process on activation of emotions, and how it can be activated by language. Field survey of transmitters and receptors of journalism's symbolic constructs has shown that there is a preference for activation of fear in the preparation of such constructs, and this preference impacts on mood, with reinterpretation's effects on collective beliefs. Quantitative data collected in random groups submitted to consumption of news, from media platforms of Zero Hora and Correio do Povo, over 14 days shown an increase in experience of some emotions such as fear, anger, and sadness, and a decrease in the joy experience. At the same time, these data showed an increase in the degree of truth for sentences representing more pessimistic beliefs about society. Field research has also enabled the development of a framework of symbolic constructs in order to, through discourse analysis, identify which specific rhetorical strategies were used in the activation of fear in the receivers. The crossing of this data with the in-depth interviews of journalists uncovered, at the end, that such phenomena, and its effects, often occur in the field of unconscious, featuring a transmission of ideology by conditioning, in which journalism play a role as a catalyst of something that Bartolli Filho (2015) calls "terror anthropology?. / O presente estudo pretende estabelecer, de forma transversal e explorat?ria, interfaces entre alguns fundamentos te?ricos da comunica??o, do pensamento sist?mico, da neuroci?ncia e da lingu?stica. Essa rela??o surge para avaliar como ocorre a elicia??o de emo??es a partir dos construtos simb?licos produzidos pelos meios de comunica??o de massa, em especial os do jornalismo, bem como lan?ar luz sobre os poss?veis efeitos na forma??o e ressignifica??o de cren?as individuais e coletivas a partir deste processo. A partir da perspectiva sist?mica de que o complexo mente-corpo-linguagem forma um sistema ?nico e indissoci?vel, utilizou-se pressupostos te?ricos de Bateson (1987), Chomsky (2005), Dam?sio (2000/2012), Ekman (2011), Krznaric (2015), Jung (1991/ 2001/ 2008/ 2011a/ 2011b), entre outros, para a elabora??o de circuitos que explicam a fun??o das emo??es na ativa??o do processo emp?tico por meio da linguagem. Pesquisas de campo junto a emissores e receptores de construtos simb?licos do jornalismo sugerem que existe uma predile??o pela ativa??o do medo na elabora??o de tais construtos, e que esta predile??o impacta no humor, com efeitos de ressignifica??o no cren??rio coletivo. Dados quantitativos coletados em uma amostragem de pessoas submetidas ao consumo de not?cias dos portais Zero Hora e Correio do Povo ao longo de 14 dias revelaram um aumento da viv?ncia de emo??es como o medo, a raiva e a tristeza, e uma diminui??o da viv?ncia da alegria. Ao mesmo tempo, tais dados demonstraram um aumento no grau de verdade para senten?as que representam cren?as mais pessimistas em rela??o ? sociedade. A pesquisa de campo tamb?m permitiu a elabora??o de um corpus demonstrativo de construtos simb?licos para que, via an?lise de discurso, fossem identificadas estrat?gias ret?ricas espec?ficas usadas para o acionamento do medo nos receptores. O cruzamento destes dados com entrevistas em profundidade realizadas junto aos construtores das not?cias revelou, por fim, que tais fen?menos, bem como seus efeitos, muitas vezes ocorrem no campo da inconsci?ncia, caracterizando uma transmiss?o de ideologia por condicionamento, na qual o jornalismo opera enquanto catalizador do que Bartolli Filho (2015) chama de ?antropologia do terror?.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T13:22:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 444696.pdf: 573710 bytes, checksum: fa1b94a6fd16679491cad750d06c6549 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-12-10 / The doctoral dissertation has two sections: a theoretical and an empirical one, about false memories (FM) and emotion. In the theoretical section, the general purpose was to review the literature about the impact of emotion on memory. The conflicting results from studies about FM and valence can be summarized as follows: (a) emotional events produce low rates of FM, and (b) emotional events produce high rates of FM. We identified memory processes that might be responsible for the valence effect on true(TM) and false memories (FM). The empirical section is composed by two experiments: (a) The effect of valence on false memories under the DRM paradigm and (b) The role of attention in the effects of emotional valence in true and false memories . The first study (a) was designed to investigate the influence of valence in the production of FM using the DRM paradigm under a divided attention manipulation. Two theoretical explanations for FM were compared: Distinctive Heuristic and Fuzzy-Trace Theory. The results suggested that valence impacted recognition memory responses. False memory rates were higher for negative information as compared to neutral and positive. Divided attention (DA) influenced TM performance but not FM. This result seems to indicate that DA negatively affects TM but as no effect on FM. The second paper (b) aimed examining the effects of valence on TM and FM and the cognitive mechanisms underlying these effects. Results indicated that participants valence ratings did not differ from the normed data. There was also no difference between attention groups (i.e., complete and divided) in the evaluation of the lists. So, it seems that DA did not interfere in the emotional processing. Regarding memory rates, the following results were obtained: (a) negative valence produced high rates of FM, and (b) DA affected TM, but not FM. These findings did not seem to indicate that the same cognitive mechanisms are responsible for the effect of valence on memory and the creation of FM. Nonetheless, semantic features can the involved in the effects of valence. / A presente tese possui duas se??es: uma te?rica e outra emp?rica, que abordam as falsas mem?rias (FM) e emo??o. Na se??o te?rica, o objetivo geral foi realizar um levantamento da literatura sobre o impacto das emo??es na mem?ria. Para tanto, analisaramse os resultados contradit?rios em estudos sobre FM e val?ncia, quais sejam: (a) eventos emocionais produzem menor ?ndice de FM, (b) eventos emocionais produzem altas taxas de FM. Buscou-se identificar os processos de mem?ria, que s?o respons?veis pelo efeito de val?ncia em mem?rias verdadeiras (MV) e FM. A se??o emp?rica ? composta por dois experimentos: (a) O efeito da val?ncia emocional em falsas mem?rias no paradigma DRM e (b) O papel da aten??o sobre os efeitos da val?ncia emocional nas mem?rias verdadeiras e falsas. O experimento (a) buscou investigar a influ?ncia da val?ncia na produ??o de FM, pelo paradigma DRM. Especificamente, analisou-se o papel da aten??o na etapa de codifica??o de informa??o emocional para a produ??o de FM, comparando-se duas teorias explicativas: Heur?stica da Distintividade e Teoria do Tra?o Difuso. Os resultados sugerem que a val?ncia emocional influencia a mem?ria. Comparando-se as informa??es de val?ncia negativa em rela??o ?s de val?ncia neutra e positiva, as primeiras mostram mais altos n?veis de FM. A aten??o dividia (AD) afetou o desempenho de MV, ainda que os ?ndices de FM n?o fossem afetados. O segundo experimento (b) teve por objetivo examinar os efeitos da val?ncia nas MV e FM, bem como estudar alguns dos mecanismos cognitivos subjacentes aos efeitos de emo??o nas MV e FM. Os resultados indicaram que a avalia??o de val?ncia realizada pelos participantes n?o diferiam dos dados fornecidos pelos bancos de normas dessas listas. Tamb?m n?o houve diferen?a na avalia??o das listas entre os grupos de aten??o (i.e., completa e dividida), ou seja, AD n?o parece ter interferido no processamento de emo??o. No que tange aos ?ndices de mem?ria, os resultados obtidos foram: (a) val?ncia negativa produziu altos ?ndices de FM e (b) AD afetou os ?ndices de MV, mas n?o os de FM. Estes resultados n?o permitem afirmar que o efeito de val?ncia na mem?ria e a cria??o de FM pertencem a um mesmo mecanismo cognitivo, mas que recursos sem?nticos podem estar implicados nos efeitos de val?ncia nas falsas mem?rias.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T13:22:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 464025.pdf: 1923497 bytes, checksum: 106513d1654b754075bda219919ae6aa (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-24 / As a part of the theoretical study of this research, a systematic review of the literature on bullying and its correlations with parental styles, personality and emotional regulation was realized. Through fourteen papers included on this systematic review, we could verify a significant correlation between parental styles/parental practices and bullying. Simultaneously, the empirical part of this research aimed to study the correlation between parental styles, personality and emotional regulation among bullying factors (extreme bullying, bullying, active bystander, passive bystander and victim). The sample consisted of 423 participants (53% women, 47 men). Participants answered to a Socio demographic questionnaire, a bullying questionnaire (CMIE-II), a parental styles questionnaire and an emotional regulation test based on the Big Five taxonomy (BFP). We could verify a significant correlation between parental styles and the bullying factors: bullying and bullied. Moreover, a correlation was observed between the neuroticism personality factor and emotional deregulation among extreme bullying and abused factors. / O presente estudo teve como objetivo investigar a rela??o entre estilos parentais, personalidade e regula??o emocional no processo de bullying em adolescentes atrav?s da realiza??o de dois estudos, sendo um te?rico e um emp?rico. No estudo te?rico foi realizada uma revis?o sistem?tica sobre a rela??o entre estilos parentais e bullying. Os resultados dos catorze artigos inclu?dos na revis?o indicaram que a maior parte dos estudos revisados encontraram uma associa??o significativa entre estilos e pr?ticas/parentais e bullying em crian?as e adolescentes. O estudo emp?rico teve como objetivo investigar a associa??o entre estilos parentais, personalidade e regula??o emocional nas diferentes condi??es de bullying: bullying extremo, abusador, observador passivo, observador ativo e abusado. A amostra foi formada por 423 participantes (57% mulheres e 43% homens). Os participantes responderam ao Question?rio de dados s?cio demogr?ficos, Question?rio Multimodal de Intera??o Escolar (CMIE-III) para avaliar bullying, Escala de estilos parentais Exig?ncia e Responsividade, Escala de Dificuldades de Regula??o Emocional (DERS) e Bateria Fatorial de Personalidade (BFP). Observou-se correla??o estatisticamente significativa entre estilos parentais e os fatores abusador e bullying extremo, al?m de ter-se observado associa??o significativa entre o fator neuroticismo de personalidade e dificuldades de regula??o emocional no fator bullying extremo e abusado.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T13:22:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 391029.pdf: 792005 bytes, checksum: 728895ea80adf0c4e343ae0eeec61651 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-12-18 / A presente disserta??o possui tr?s artigos, todos versando sobre os temas emo??es e falsas mem?rias. O primeiro artigo realiza uma revis?o cr?tica das pesquisas identificadas na literatura que versam sobre a rela??o entre as emo??es e as falsas mem?rias, apresenta o atual est?gio das pesquisas produzidas no Brasil sobre falsas mem?rias emocionais e prop?e uma s?rie de sugest?es metodol?gicas a futuros estudos na ?rea. O segundo artigo apresenta a padroniza??o emocional das 44 listas da vers?o brasileira do DRM e das suas respectivas palavras cr?ticas nas dimens?es val?ncia e alerta. O terceiro artigo trata-se de um estudo experimental que busca avaliar a influ?ncia da val?ncia emocional na mem?ria, e em espec?fico na produ??o de falsas mem?rias. Para isso ? realizada uma manipula??o da val?ncia emocional em tr?s n?veis (positiva, neutra e negativa) e controla-se o alerta e a concretude entre os grupos de listas, bem como a incid?ncia de depress?o na amostra. Os resultados encontrados indicam que a val?ncia afeta a produ??o de falsas mem?rias.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T13:22:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 396213.pdf: 945282 bytes, checksum: d9833b0b3a70e73fdd423a417ae451a6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-09-19 / A investiga??o sistem?tica relativa ? mem?ria e ? emo??o ainda n?o possui uma base s?lida em fun??o de ser incipiente. Nesse contexto, uma das tarefas mais urgentes ? o estabelecimento de par?metros metodol?gicos que permitam compara??es mais amplas dos resultados. Para isso, ? necess?ria alguma uniformidade metodol?gica. A normatiza??o de est?mulos, realizada na Se??o Emp?rica I, contribui com esse objetivo ao gerar ?ndices padronizados com rela??o ? emo??o. Outro desafio da investiga??o atual consiste na obten??o de teorias explicativas para os fen?menos de natureza emocional. A Se??o Emp?rica II ? uma tentativa de ampliar o poder explanat?rio de uma conhecida teoria sobre a mem?ria humana, a Teoria do Tra?o Difuso, originalmente concebida para explicar fen?menos n?o emocionais. Por um princ?pio de economia, parece razo?vel testar a capacidade de uma teoria existente em explicar os novos fen?menos emocionais do que propor uma teoria inteiramente nova com esse mesmo objetivo. A ?ltima parte, a Se??o Te?rica, submete a escrut?nio o mais importante aparato metodol?gico para a obten??o de uma arquitetura cognitiva, seja pela Psicologia Cognitiva, seja pela Neuropsicologia a dissocia??o funcional. O objetivo aqui ? reconsiderar a utiliza??o dessa metodologia em todos os estudos que postulam diferentes sistemas de mem?ria, como a Teoria do Tra?o Difuso. No conjunto, as tr?s se??es, buscam ampliar as condi??es metodol?gicas e te?ricas para o estudo de fen?menos emocionais um objetivo perseguido pelo Grupo de Pesquisa em Processos Cognitivos B?sicos do Programa de P?s- Gradua??o em Psicologia da Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul. As se??es emp?ricas buscam ampliar a base metodol?gica e te?rica da investiga??o atual e a se??o te?rica, ao reavaliar a propriedade de uma estrat?gia de investiga??o, pretende renovar sua utiliza??o liberando-a do conjunto de cr?ticas existentes.

This thesis examines the genesis of the derogative emo kid representation and considers the latent functions it initially served in being applied to visible categories of adolescent subculturalists on the behalf of participants within the wider punk subculture. Pulling from the work of Stanley Cohen in arguing that the emo kid representation be conceptualized as a subcultural folk-devil, this thesis argues for the applicability of a Bourdieuian theoretical framework in understanding the means in which subcultural authenticity is not only distributed throughout fields of subcultural participation, but within those spheres of communicative entertainment media in which subcultural knowledge is created, legitimized and disseminated. In offering a Foucaultian genealogy of the niche-mediated emo pseudo-genre, and highlighting its correlation with concurrent movements perceived as facilitating the mainstream colonization of the punk subculture, this thesis argues that the emo kid folk-devil was constructed and reified by virtue of an array of discursive measures based largely in online, micro-mediated forums - through which punk subculturalists vied to marginalize those emo kids so perceived as threatening the exclusivity of the punk subculture and the long-established symbolic economies contained therein. Finally, this thesis demonstrates the process through which this subcultural folk-devil was annexed into a wider socio-discourse concerning dangerous youth populations and, thus, came to be utilized in collusion with mass-mediated campaigns meant to perpetuate the political disempowerment of adolescent populations through the endorsement of representational politics.

This thesis examines the genesis of the derogative emo kid representation and considers the latent functions it initially served in being applied to visible categories of adolescent subculturalists on the behalf of participants within the wider punk subculture. Pulling from the work of Stanley Cohen in arguing that the emo kid representation be conceptualized as a subcultural folk-devil, this thesis argues for the applicability of a Bourdieuian theoretical framework in understanding the means in which subcultural authenticity is not only distributed throughout fields of subcultural participation, but within those spheres of communicative entertainment media in which subcultural knowledge is created, legitimized and disseminated. In offering a Foucaultian genealogy of the niche-mediated emo pseudo-genre, and highlighting its correlation with concurrent movements perceived as facilitating the mainstream colonization of the punk subculture, this thesis argues that the emo kid folk-devil was constructed and reified by virtue of an array of discursive measures based largely in online, micro-mediated forums - through which punk subculturalists vied to marginalize those emo kids so perceived as threatening the exclusivity of the punk subculture and the long-established symbolic economies contained therein. Finally, this thesis demonstrates the process through which this subcultural folk-devil was annexed into a wider socio-discourse concerning dangerous youth populations and, thus, came to be utilized in collusion with mass-mediated campaigns meant to perpetuate the political disempowerment of adolescent populations through the endorsement of representational politics.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:19:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ThiagoTN_DISSERT.pdf: 2550498 bytes, checksum: 36fb49d6019e99290ca8bb88d653464c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-08-09 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / The significance of the body in electronic music parties as a sign for communicating and socializing among participants is the focus of this work. Qualitative research undertaken in this study seeks to investigate how sociability happens at raves and nightclubs in Natal/RN. Sociability is understood here as a play expression involving the dimensions of music, dance and party; the body, seen from a transdisciplinary approach, is understood as a symbolic instance, with its own meanings, as a result and a producer of social and as a cross between the cultural and the biological. The body has a communicative potential, is primary media. An intersection point between nature and culture, it serves as the seat of emotions and sociability, since it is through it that social relations are made. In electronic music parties, the body is interpreted based on its communication signs: clothing, accessories, body movements, tactile contact, body language, interactions between the public and dj, the dj and the public, gestures, expressive speech of emotions. Through such signs, body communication and a sense of community among participants develop sociability in the festive place and change the mood of the dancers. The Natal s electronic music parties young goer interacts on parties, adopts cheerful and receptive positions towards the other, maintains physical contact, values dance as a form of communication and lists happiness as the main feeling aroused in electronic music festivals. To achieve this result, a plurimetodological approach was used, which consisted of various methodological devices and various techniques of investigation: ethnographic observation, individual and informal interview techniques, photographic record of the scene, in-depth interview and application thirty questionnaires to patrons of electronic music parties / O significado do corpo nas festas de m?sica eletr?nica como um signo comunicante e sociabilizante entre os participantes ? o foco deste trabalho. A pesquisa qualitativa desenvolvida neste estudo procura investigar como a sociabilidade acontece em raves e em casas noturnas na cidade de Natal/RN. A sociabilidade ? entendida aqui como uma manifesta??o l?dica que envolve as dimens?es da m?sica, da dan?a e da festa; j? o corpo, partindo de uma abordagem transdisciplinar, ? compreendido como uma inst?ncia simb?lica, dotada de significa??es pr?prias, resultado e produtor do social e como cruzamento entre o cultural e o biol?gico. O corpo ? possuidor de um potencial comunicativo, ? m?dia prim?ria. Ponto de interse??o entre a natureza e a cultura, funciona como a sede das emo??es e da sociabilidade, pois, ? por meio dele que as rela??es sociais se efetuam. Nas festas de m?sica eletr?nica, o corpo ? interpretado com base nos seus signos comunicantes: vestimenta, acess?rios, movimentos do corpo, contato t?til, express?es corporais, intera??es entre o p?blico e o dj, entre o dj e o p?blico, gestos, falas expressivas das emo??es. ? por meio de tais signos que a comunica??o corporal e o sentimento de comunh?o entre os participantes ocasionam o desenvolvimento da sociabilidade dentro do local festivo com altera??o no estado de humor dos dan?antes. O jovem frequentador das festas de m?sica eletr?nica em Natal interage nas festas, adota posturas alegres e receptivas em rela??o ao outro, realiza bastante contato f?sico, valoriza a dan?a como forma de comunica??o e elenca a felicidade como o principal sentimento despertado nas festas de m?sica eletr?nica. Para se chegar a esse resultado, partiu-se de uma abordagem plurimetodol?gica, que usou diferentes artif?cios metodol?gicos e diversas t?cnicas de investiga??o: observa??o etnogr?fica, t?cnicas de entrevista individual informal, registro fotogr?fico nos locais de fluxo, entrevista em profundidade e aplica??o de trinta question?rios aos freq?entadores das festas de m?sica eletr?nica

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-03-22T19:24:32Z No. of bitstreams: 1 FelipeSantosDeOliveira_TESE.pdf: 1841785 bytes, checksum: 66bb047469f843d38674d96acaa05fd9 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-03-23T20:33:27Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 FelipeSantosDeOliveira_TESE.pdf: 1841785 bytes, checksum: 66bb047469f843d38674d96acaa05fd9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-23T20:33:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FelipeSantosDeOliveira_TESE.pdf: 1841785 bytes, checksum: 66bb047469f843d38674d96acaa05fd9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08-27 / A percep??o temporal ? fundamental para a adapta??o ambiental em humanos e outras esp?- cies.O processamento temporal nos organismos, se desenvolveu atrav?s de diferentes sistemas neurais, cada qual respons?vel pelo processamento de diferentes escalas de tempo. Dentre as escalas mais estudadas,est? a que abrange o arranjo de segundos a minutos. Evid?ncias sugerem que o c?rtex pr?-frontal dorsolateral (CPFDL) possui rela??o com a percep??o do tempo na escala de segundos. No entanto, n?o se sabe se o d?ficit de percep??o temporal em pacientes com les?es cerebrais ou mesmo ?les?es revers?veis? causadas por estimula??o magn?tica transcraniana (EMT) nessa regi?o, sejam por perturba??es de outros processos cognitivos (como aten??o e mem?ria de trabalho) ou da percep??o do tempo propriamente dita. Estudos tamb?m relacionam a regi?o do CPFDL na regula??o emocional e especificamente no julgamento e a antecipa??o emocional. Diante disto, nosso objetivo foi estudar o papel do c?rtex pr?-frontal dorsolateral na percep??o de intervalos de tempo de est?mulos neutros e emocionalmente ativos, a partir dos efeitos da modula??o cortical atrav?s da estimula??o transcraniana por corrente cont?nua (ETCC), atrav?s da excita??o (corrente an?dica), inibi??o (corrente cat?dica) e o controle (sham), utilizando os intervalos de 4 e 8 segundos. Nossos resultados mostraram que h? uma subestimativa quando a figura ? apresentada por 8 segundos.Com a corrente an?dica no CPFDL direito ocorre uma subestimativa e com a corrente cat?dica no CPFDL esquerdo h? uma superestimava na reprodu??o do tempo com figuras neutras. Com figuras negativas, a corrente cat?dica sobre o CPFDL esquerdo ocasiona efeito inverso ao de figuras neutras, havendo subestimativa de tempo. O uso de figuras com val?ncia positiva ou negativa, melhoraram as estimativas para 8 segundas e o uso de figuras com val?ncia positiva inibem o efeito da ETCC no CPFDL na estimativa de tempo para 4 segundos. Com esse trabalho podemos concluir que o CPFDL tem um papel fundamental na percep??o de tempo e corresponde em grande parte aos est?gios de mem?ria e decis?o no modelo de rel?gio interno, que o hemisf?rio esquerdo participa na percep??o de tempo tanto em contextos neutros como emocionalmente ativos, Podemos concluir tamb?m que a ETCC e um m?todo eficaz para estudar as fun??es corticais na percep??o de tempo em termos de causa e efeito. / The time perception is critical for environmental adaptation in humans and other species. The temporal processing, has evolved through different neural systems, each responsible for processing different time scales. Among the most studied scales is that spans the arrangement of seconds to minutes. Evidence suggests that the dorsolateral prefrontal (DLPFC) cortex has relationship with the time perception scale of seconds. However, it is unclear whether the deficit of time perception in patients with brain injuries or even "reversible lesions" caused by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in this region, whether by disruption of other cognitive processes (such as attention and working memory) or the time perception itself. Studies also link the region of DLPFC in emotional regulation and specifically the judgment and emotional anticipation. Given this, our objective was to study the role of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in the time perception intervals of active and emotionally neutral stimuli, from the effects of cortical modulation by transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), through the cortical excitation (anodic current), inhibition (cathode current) and control (sham) using the ranges of 4 and 8 seconds. Our results showed that there is an underestimation when the picture was presented by 8 seconds, with the anodic current in the right DLPFC, there is an underestimation and with cathodic current in the left DLPFC, there is an overestimation of the time reproduction with neutral ones. The cathodic current over the left DLPFC leads to an inverse effect of neutral ones, an underestimation of time with negative pictures. Positive or negative pictures improved estimates for 8 second and positive pictures inhibited the effect of tDCS in DLPFC in estimating time to 4 seconds. With this work, we conclude that the DLPFC plays a key role in the o time perception and largely corresponds to the stages of memory and decision on the internal clock model. The left hemisphere participates in the perception of time in both active and emotionally neutral contexts, and we can conclude that the ETCC and an effective method to study the cortical functions in the time perception in terms of cause and effect.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:37:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RaphaeBCL.pdf: 268039 bytes, checksum: f203ccc208992cba24f72f836ef9ecd2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-04-11 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Highly emotional itens are best remembered in emotional memory tasks than neutral items. An example of emotional item that benefits declarative memory processes are the taboo words. These words undergo from a conventional prohibition, imposed by tradition or custom. Literature suggests that the strongest recollection these words is due to emotional arousal, as well as, the fact that they form a cohesive semantic group, which is a positive additive effect. However, studies with semantic lists show that cohesion can have a negative effect of interference, impairing memory. We analyzed, in two experiments, the effect of arousal and semantic cohesion of taboo words on recognition tests, comparing with into two other word categories: semantically related and without emotional arousal (semantic category) and neutral, with low semantic relation (objects). Our results indicate that cohesion has interfered whith the performance of the test by increasing the number of false alarms. This effect was strongly observed in the semantic category of words in both experiments, but also in the neutral and taboo words, when both were explicitly considered as semantic categories through the instruction of the test in Experiment 2. Despite the impairment induced by semantic cohesion in both experiments, the taboo words were more discriminated than others, and this result agrees with the indication of the emotional arousal as the main factor for the best recollection of emotional items in memory tests / Itens com alto grau de alerta emocional s?o melhor recordados em tarefas de mem?ria do que itens neutros. Um tipo de item emocional que beneficia os processos de mem?ria declarativa s?o as palavras tabus. Estas s?o palavras que sofrem uma proibi??o convencional imposta por tradi??o ou costume. A literatura sugere que o melhor desempenho destas palavras ? devido ao alerta emocional e tamb?m ao fato de formarem um grupo sem?ntico coeso, constituindo um efeito positivo aditivo. Entretanto, estudos com listas sem?nticas apontam que a coes?o pode produzir um efeito negativo de interfer?ncia, prejudicando a recorda??o. Analisamos, em dois experimentos, o efeito do alerta e da coes?o sem?ntica de palavras tabus em testes de reconhecimento, comparando com palavras agrupadas em duas outras categorias: com rela??o sem?ntica e sem alerta (categoria sem?ntica) e neutras ou com pouca rela??o sem?ntica (categoria objetos). Nossos resultados apontaram que a coes?o prejudicou o desempenho no teste por aumentar o n?mero de alarmes falsos. Esse efeito foi fortemente observado nas palavras da categoria sem?ntica em ambos os experimentos, mas tamb?m nas palavras tabus e nas neutras, quando ambas foram explicitamente consideradas como categorias sem?nticas por meio da instru??o do teste do experimento 2. Apesar do preju?zo da coes?o sem?ntica, em ambos os experimentos as palavras tabus foram mais discriminadas do que as demais e esse resultado concorda com a indica??o do alerta emocional como principal fator para o melhor desempenho de itens emocionais em testes de mem?ria