Although it is well-known that motor neuron disease (MND) primarily affects motor neurons, the involvement of sensory pathways in the disease is currently receiving more attention. There is a dearth of information regarding the atypical effects of MND, resulting in limited understanding of the vulnerability of for example the auditory system. The presence of hearing loss negatively impacts on participation across all communicative contexts, stripping individuals of autonomy and self-worth, ultimately resulting in withdrawal and isolation. These factors form the foundation for individual desire to pursue life-prolonging measures. Hearing loss, combined with dysarthria and the use of augmentative and alternative communicative strategies, implies that individuals with MND require additional support to meet their daily communicative needs. This descriptive, exploratory study aimed to identify the prevalence of hearing loss in eight individuals with adult onset MND. In addition, perceptions relating to the implications of auditory impairment and value of auditory diagnosis were explored. An evaluation of auditory function was performed on eight individuals with a neurologist confirmed diagnosis of MND. Auditory function was assessed using a comprehensive audiological test battery including both objective and subjective measures. Perceptions related to auditory impairment were determined using the Hearing Handicap Inventory for Adults (HHIA) and the Hearing Experience Questionnaire. Both individuals with MND and their primary caregivers completed the Hearing Experience Questionnaire. The results of the study indicate that a high frequency sensorineural hearing loss was identified in six participants. Auditory handicap, as measured by the Hearing Handicap Inventory for Adults, was reported in four participants, with social handicaps reported more than emotional handicaps. Individuals with MND and their caregivers identified communication as the most important functional skill. Interestingly, the caregivers related more to the threats auditory impairment than individuals with MND. The nature of hearing loss identified in this study mimics the pattern of a presbycustic (age-related) hearing loss. It is postulated that hearing loss may arise during disease course. Participants‘ limited understanding of the devastating consequences of hearing loss on quality of life highlights the need for inclusion of an audiologist as part of the multidisciplinary management team in MND. Audiological assessment, management, counseling and education will serve to guide the process of sensory regulation and limit psychosocial threats posed by MND. This will in turn promote enhanced quality of life and maintenance of individual autonomy.

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FundaÃÃo Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cientifico e TecnolÃgico / O termo âassaltoâ à usado no cotidiano referindo-se à aÃÃo de um ou mais indivÃduos, comumente armados, que abordam outras pessoas para roubar os seus bens. Embora esse termo nÃo seja empregado no CÃdigo Penal Brasileiro, hà sanÃÃo prevista para o crime de roubo, cuja descriÃÃo à similar à definiÃÃo de assalto. O roubo apresenta uma considerÃvel gravidade por pressupor o uso da forÃa, podendo levar as vÃtimas a Ãbito. AlÃm disso, danos decorrentes de um roubo restringem a capacidade dos indivÃduos de exercer adequadamente diversos papÃis, como o parental, conjugal e ocupacional, acarretando em prejuÃzos significativos nas relaÃÃes interpessoais em diversos ambientes, tais como familiar, escolar e laboral. Em face desses elementos, o presente estudo tem como principal objetivo avaliar o impacto cognitivo, emocional e comportamental da vitimizaÃÃo por roubo. Especificamente, espera-se estimar se e quais variÃveis situacionais especÃficas contribuem para maiores sequelas nas vÃtimas e avaliar em que medida os fatores protetivos e agravantes, apontados pela literatura, apresentam relevÃncia em contexto local. Para alcanÃar os objetivos propostos, foram realizados dois estudos empÃricos. Nesses estudos, contou-se com a participaÃÃo de 348 pessoas de diversos estados do Brasil. O Estudo I comparou vÃtimas e nÃo-vÃtimas no que se refere aos fatores apontados como possÃveis complicaÃÃes decorrentes do crime, enquanto o Estudo II avaliou o impacto individual de variÃveis contextuais especÃficas nas diversas sequelas decorrentes do crime e o efeito especÃfico dos fatores protetivos. Como resultado, pode-se observar, no Estudo I, que as vÃtimas e nÃo-vÃtimas se diferenciaram quanto a ansiedade, medo do crime, percepÃÃes de vulnerabilidade e autoeficÃcia, alÃm da tomada de algumas medidas de proteÃÃo. No Estudo II, observou-se que somente as estratÃgias de Controle e Retraimento, ConversÃo e Aditividade apresentaram relaÃÃo com os impactos analisados. O Suporte Social nÃo apresentou qualquer relaÃÃo com as consequÃncias do roubo. Tais resultados foram discutidos com base na literatura. Considera-se que os objetivos da presente dissertaÃÃo tenham sido alcanÃados uma vez que foi possÃvel analisar os impactos decorrentes da vitimizaÃÃo por roubo e seus correlatos que apresentam mais destaque na literatura. Contudo, pode-se apontar algumas limitaÃÃes na pesquisa, como a dimensÃo reduzida da amostra e qualidade de algumas medidas utilizadas. Para pesquisas futuras, sugere-se a utilizaÃÃo de amostras maiores, alÃm da adaptaÃÃo prÃvia das escalas para contexto local e a realizaÃÃo de estudos longitudinais. / The term mugging is used in the everyday referring to the action of one or more individuals, commonly armed, who approach other people to steal their property. Although this term is not used in the Brazilian Penal Code, there is an expected penalty for the crime of robbery, whose description is similar to the definition of mugging and differs from the crime of theft. Robbery is more serious because it presupposes the use of force, which can lead to death. In addition, damages resulting from a robbery restrict the ability of individuals to properly exercise various roles, such as parental, marital and occupational, resulting in significant impairment in interpersonal relationships in various settings, such as family, school, and work. In view of these elements, the present study has as main objective to evaluate the cognitive, emotional and behavioral outcomes of robbery victimization. Specifically, it is expected to estimate if and which specific situational variables contribute to greater sequelae in the victims and to evaluate to what extent the attenuating and aggravating factors pointed out in the literature are relevant in the local context. In order to achieve the proposed objectives, two empirical studies were carried out: Study I compared victims and non-victims with regard to factors identified as possible complications of crime, while Study II assessed the individual impact of specific contextual variables in the various sequelae and the specific effect of mitigating factors. As a result, it can be observed in Study 1 that victims and non-victims differed in terms of anxiety, fear of crime, perceptions of vulnerability and self-efficacy, and the taking of some protective measures. In Study 2, it was observed that only Control and Retraining, Conversion, Addiction strategies presented a relation with the analyzed impacts. Social Support was not related to the consequences of the robbery. These results were discussed based on the literature. It is considered that the objectives of this dissertation have been reached since it was possible to analyze the impacts of robbery victimization and its correlates that are more prominent in the literature. However, it is possible to point out some limitations in the research, such as the reduced size of the sample and the quality of some measures used. For future research, we suggest the use of larger samples, besides the previous adaptation of the scales to local context and the realization of longitudinal studies.

Esta dissertação teve por objetivo investigar variáveis cognitivas e emocionais em meninas vítimas de abuso sexual infantil (ASI), observando as relações entre ASI, Transtorno de Estresse Pós-Traumático (TEPT) e desempenho em funções cognitivas. Para isso, foram organizados três artigos, sendo um teórico e dois empíricos. O primeiro estudo apresenta uma revisão teórica sobre as relações entre ASI, TEPT e disfunção cognitiva. O segundo estudo avaliou o funcionamento cognitivo (memória, atenção e flexibilidade cognitiva/funções executivas) em um grupo de meninas vítimas de ASI (n=12) e comparou-o a um grupo controle (n=16). O terceiro estudo investigou a presença de sintomas emocionais e comportamentais em 16 meninas vítimas de ASI, bem como indicadores de risco à ocorrência do ASI nas famílias destas participantes. Foi observada uma alta manifestação de TEPT e um maior número de erros na tarefa de atenção visual concentrada, no grupo de vítimas de ASI, quando comparado ao grupo controle. Estes resultados ressaltam a importância de intervenções psicoterapêuticas e neuropsicológicas junto a esta população. / The objective of this dissertation was to investigate the cognitive and emotional variables in girls, victims of child sexual abuse (CSA), observing relationships between CSA, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and performance in cognitive functions. For that, three papers were organized, one theoretical paper and two empirical papers. The first study shows a theoretical review about relationships between CSA, PTSD and cognitive dysfunction. The second study evaluated the cognitive functioning (memory, attention and cognitive flexibility/executive function) in a group of girls (n=12), victims of CSA and their performance was compared with a control group (n=16). The third study investigated the presence of emotional and behavioral symptoms and CSA risk factors in the family in 16 girls, victims of CSA. A high manifestation of PTSD and high number of errors on concentrated visual attention test was observed in the group of victims of CSA, when was compared to the control group. These results highlight the importance of psychotherapeutic and neuropsychological interventions with this population.

Esta dissertação teve por objetivo investigar variáveis cognitivas e emocionais em meninas vítimas de abuso sexual infantil (ASI), observando as relações entre ASI, Transtorno de Estresse Pós-Traumático (TEPT) e desempenho em funções cognitivas. Para isso, foram organizados três artigos, sendo um teórico e dois empíricos. O primeiro estudo apresenta uma revisão teórica sobre as relações entre ASI, TEPT e disfunção cognitiva. O segundo estudo avaliou o funcionamento cognitivo (memória, atenção e flexibilidade cognitiva/funções executivas) em um grupo de meninas vítimas de ASI (n=12) e comparou-o a um grupo controle (n=16). O terceiro estudo investigou a presença de sintomas emocionais e comportamentais em 16 meninas vítimas de ASI, bem como indicadores de risco à ocorrência do ASI nas famílias destas participantes. Foi observada uma alta manifestação de TEPT e um maior número de erros na tarefa de atenção visual concentrada, no grupo de vítimas de ASI, quando comparado ao grupo controle. Estes resultados ressaltam a importância de intervenções psicoterapêuticas e neuropsicológicas junto a esta população. / The objective of this dissertation was to investigate the cognitive and emotional variables in girls, victims of child sexual abuse (CSA), observing relationships between CSA, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and performance in cognitive functions. For that, three papers were organized, one theoretical paper and two empirical papers. The first study shows a theoretical review about relationships between CSA, PTSD and cognitive dysfunction. The second study evaluated the cognitive functioning (memory, attention and cognitive flexibility/executive function) in a group of girls (n=12), victims of CSA and their performance was compared with a control group (n=16). The third study investigated the presence of emotional and behavioral symptoms and CSA risk factors in the family in 16 girls, victims of CSA. A high manifestation of PTSD and high number of errors on concentrated visual attention test was observed in the group of victims of CSA, when was compared to the control group. These results highlight the importance of psychotherapeutic and neuropsychological interventions with this population.

Esta dissertação teve por objetivo investigar variáveis cognitivas e emocionais em meninas vítimas de abuso sexual infantil (ASI), observando as relações entre ASI, Transtorno de Estresse Pós-Traumático (TEPT) e desempenho em funções cognitivas. Para isso, foram organizados três artigos, sendo um teórico e dois empíricos. O primeiro estudo apresenta uma revisão teórica sobre as relações entre ASI, TEPT e disfunção cognitiva. O segundo estudo avaliou o funcionamento cognitivo (memória, atenção e flexibilidade cognitiva/funções executivas) em um grupo de meninas vítimas de ASI (n=12) e comparou-o a um grupo controle (n=16). O terceiro estudo investigou a presença de sintomas emocionais e comportamentais em 16 meninas vítimas de ASI, bem como indicadores de risco à ocorrência do ASI nas famílias destas participantes. Foi observada uma alta manifestação de TEPT e um maior número de erros na tarefa de atenção visual concentrada, no grupo de vítimas de ASI, quando comparado ao grupo controle. Estes resultados ressaltam a importância de intervenções psicoterapêuticas e neuropsicológicas junto a esta população. / The objective of this dissertation was to investigate the cognitive and emotional variables in girls, victims of child sexual abuse (CSA), observing relationships between CSA, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and performance in cognitive functions. For that, three papers were organized, one theoretical paper and two empirical papers. The first study shows a theoretical review about relationships between CSA, PTSD and cognitive dysfunction. The second study evaluated the cognitive functioning (memory, attention and cognitive flexibility/executive function) in a group of girls (n=12), victims of CSA and their performance was compared with a control group (n=16). The third study investigated the presence of emotional and behavioral symptoms and CSA risk factors in the family in 16 girls, victims of CSA. A high manifestation of PTSD and high number of errors on concentrated visual attention test was observed in the group of victims of CSA, when was compared to the control group. These results highlight the importance of psychotherapeutic and neuropsychological interventions with this population.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:38:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Flavia Bello Costa de Souza.pdf: 1163790 bytes, checksum: de1777fe7780efee89ef9a4b712fd308 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-10-25 / Violence against women affects thousands of victims, regardless of age, culture and socioeconomic status. It is a public health problem with far-reaching consequences, both physical and psychological, which may be long-lasting. One type of sexual violence is rape. This qualiquantitative research aims at understanding the emotional consequences of a rape episode in a woman s life, as well as investigating the occurrence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression and self-esteem levels, and their correlation with sociodemographic data, specific characteristics of a rape and feelings of shame and guilt. Interviews were conducted with 37 women victims of rape under medical treatment at the Public Health Service in Perola Byington Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil. The instruments used were a semi-structured interview script, the Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist Civilian Version PCL-C (BERGER et al., 2004), the Beck Depression Inventory BDI (CUNHA, 2011) and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (DINI et al., 2004). Based on the compiled data, among other factors the study detected a significant statistical correlation between levels of depression and the presence of PTSD. Results indicated that the rape episode had effects such as sleep quality alterations, increased sense of fear of having contracted some disease, concern on being judged by others, difficulties in interpersonal relationships and negative impact on sexual life quality, apart from shame, guilt and negative self-perception of themselves and their bodies. In contrast, familiar, social and religious support and acceptance as well as individual behaviors of resilience proved to be positive and protective factors as regards to the victims / A violência contra a mulher atinge milhares de vítimas, independente de faixa etária, cultura e nível socioeconômico. É um problema de saúde pública com amplas consequências, tanto físicas quanto psicológicas, e que podem ser duradouras. Uma forma de violência sexual é o estupro. Esta pesquisa, de natureza qualiquantitativa, busca compreender as consequências emocionais de um episódio de estupro na vida de uma mulher adulta, bem como investigar a presença do transtorno do estresse pós-traumático (TEPT), depressão e níveis de autoestima, e suas correlações com dados sociodemográficos, características específicas do estupro e sentimentos de vergonha e culpa. Foram entrevistadas 37 mulheres vítimas de estupro sob tratamento médico no Serviço de Saúde Pública do Hospital Pérola Byington, na cidade de São Paulo, Brasil. Os instrumentos utilizados foram um roteiro de entrevista semiaberta, a escala Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist Civilian Version PCL-C (BERGER et al., 2004), o Inventário de Depressão Beck BDI (CUNHA, 2011) e a Escala de Autoestima de Rosenberg (DINI et al., 2004). Com base nos dados compilados foi observada, entre outros fatores, correlação estatística significativa entre os níveis de depressão e a presença do TEPT. Os resultados indicaram que o episódio de estupro refletiu-se em alterações na qualidade do sono, aumento da sensação de medo de ter contraído alguma doença, medo da reação e julgamento alheios, dificuldade nas relações interpessoais, impacto negativo na qualidade da vida sexual, além de vergonha, culpa e autopercepção negativa sobre si e sobre o próprio corpo. Em contrapartida, o apoio e o acolhimento familiar, social e religioso, assim como comportamentos individuais de resiliência, revelaram-se como fatores positivos e protetores em relação às vítimas

Text in Afrikaans / Students who study part time find themselves in a situation, with much pressure, which causes stress. The reason for this study was therefore to investigate the effectiveness of Rational Emotive Therapy as a coping technique for students in order to handle stress. A qualitative analysis was conducted and data was gathered primarily through group therapy and interviewing. The results of the research led to the conclusion that Rational Emotive Therapy could be effectively applied by students as a stresscoping mechanism / Educational Studies / M.Ed.

Text in Afrikaans / Students who study part time find themselves in a situation, with much pressure, which causes stress. The reason for this study was therefore to investigate the effectiveness of Rational Emotive Therapy as a coping technique for students in order to handle stress. A qualitative analysis was conducted and data was gathered primarily through group therapy and interviewing. The results of the research led to the conclusion that Rational Emotive Therapy could be effectively applied by students as a stresscoping mechanism / Educational Studies / M.Ed.