The topic of the diploma thesis „ The impact of executing new thermal insulation on an administrative building in Blansko on the expenses associated with its operation“ is a draft and appraisal of four variants of thermal insulation of the building (EPS, EPS G, Mineral wool, Phenolic foam). It deals with an actual building situated in Blansko. All the variants are projected according to the same technical specifications (thermal transmittance) and their thermal parameters, technical parameters and the rate of return have been assessed. The assessed building (The A building) is at rectangular shape. It has six above - ground floors and a basement, it contains mainly administration sites. The construction system is concrete frame, which has curtain wall made of perforated blocks with thickness 250 mm. The building has got reinforced concrete floors, the roofing is made of double-skin roof construction. The supply for heating is a separate gas boiler room.

A goal of this Master's Thesis is an energy audit of an apartment building situated in Brno, the southmoravian region. The theoretical part is focused on a Czech Republic legislation, methods of an energy evaluation of houses and injurants of an internal microclimate. In the next part the main focus is on a processing of the energy audit of the apartment building. One of details of this processing is a design of precautions. From these, variants are created, focusing to choose the most economical and ecological one. The last part of this Master's Thesis is devoted to an usage of available software applications. Here are described computer programs, used for a creation of a 3D model. Also, a description of a calculation of thermal loses and the calculation of coefficients of heat transfer using a quasi-stationary technique is present. At the end a detailed description of one year simulation of the apartment building is provided.

The thesis deals with the annual assessment of trial operation of the wastewater treatment plant in Dolní Věstonice. Th e theoretical part focuses on ways wastewater services for municipalities sizes 2001 - 10 000 EO. The following are the most frequently observed indicators which are reported in the current legislation. The practical part is focused on describing the wastewater treatment plant and to assess its condition at the time of trial operation. Calculated parameters of volume and hydraulic loads are then compared with the original proposal in the project documentation. The values of substance loads are compared with current legislation on implementation of runoff. Below are caused failures and problems in the prior operation. A conclusion is determined by energy class watched cleaners in terms of energy consumption.

No description available.

This thesis deals with problems of electricity generation and saving at compression stations of magistral gas transporting pipelines in Russia. Russia is a biggest country in the world which faces set of challenges like transporting gas in European part from far North. Average gas travel distance in Russia is over 4000 km which means huge energy demand for transportation. Permanent availability of energy at compression stations is the key for stabile operation of gas transporting system. For satisfying those needs external sources of electricity used, or part of the transported gas used on special “self needs electricity stations” for electricity production. In 2012 in Russia about 655 bln m3 of gas were produced. About 10% of that number doesn’t come to consumer, because this amount spent for gas transport needs (biggest share is electricity production).  It is obvious, that in order to increase income, company should work on transport cost decreasing and on cheap electricity production. Even 10% decrease in transport costs can give economy in about 6-7 bln m3, which is bigger that production of many countries. In this thesis pipeline systems efficiency and reliability, gas turbines in Russian pipeline systems considered. Analysis of renewable energy included and propositions for reconstruction of CS “Russkaya” with help of PV panels for electricity generation and gas usage decreasing included. Also, economical calculations and sensitivity analysis and technological calculation of PV panels installed included. Finally, proposition in area of principal construction of PV panels in hard relief situations on the Black Sea Russian shore included.

Increasingly growing consumption of natural gas all around the world requires development of new transporting equipment and optimization of existing pipelines and gas pumping facilities. As a special case, Russian gas pumping system has the longest pipes with large diameter, which carry great amounts of natural gas. So, as reconstruction and modernization needs large investments, a need of more effective and low cost tool appeared. As a result diagnostics became the most wide-spread method for lifecycle assessment, and lifecycle extension for gas pumping units and pipelines.One of the most effective method for diagnostics of gas pumping units is parametric diagnostics. It is based on evaluation of measurement of several termo-gas dynamic parameters of gas pumping units, such as pressures, temperatures and rotational speed of turbines and compressors.In my work I developed and examined a special case of parametric diagnostics – methodic for evaluation of technical state and output parameters for gas pumping unit “Ural-16”. My work contains detailed analysis of various defects, classified by different GPU’s systems. The results of this analysis are later used in development of the methodic for calculation of output parameters for gas pumping unit.GPU is an extremely complex object for diagnostics. Around 200 combinations of Gas Turbine engines with centrifugal superchargers, different operational conditions and other aspects require development of separate methodic almost for each gas pumping unit type.Development of each methodic is a complex work which requires gathering of all possible parametric and statistical data for the examined gas pumping unit. Also parameters of compressed gas are measured. Thus as a result a number of equations are formed which finally allow to calculate such parameters as efficiency, fuel gas consumption and technical state coefficient which couldn’t be measured directly by existing measuring equipment installed on the gas compressor station.

Energy supply in Sweden year 2011 amounted to 577 TWh. The final energy consumption for industrial, residential and service was 379 TWh. Sweden has energy policy goals to reduce energy use in buildings. One of these goals is to reduce the energy use by 20 % in 2020 compared to the year 1995. An important step to achieve this goal is to target energy efficiency measures in existing buildings. There are also financial incentives to implement energy efficiency measures due to the fact that the cost of energy represents 30-40% of a buildings maintenance costs. In general, up to 20 % of the energy consumption can be reduced without major reconstruction. In this master thesis project presented here, an energy audit was performed and energy efficiency measures was proposed for an existing building located at Järfälla, Stockholm. The property belongs to SAAB - Defence and Security. They have an internal target to reduce energy use in their buildings with 50 % by 2015 compared to 2009. The work of this master thesis project was limited to a building locally termed hus A. This part of the property is the oldest and was built in 1968, but has expanded gradually to the year 1977. Hus A contains of offices, a production hall, laboratories and storage areas. The energy audit showed that the electricity use is far greater in hus A, compared to the an average office and administration building. This is mainly due to production processes. A breakdown of the highest electricity consumers are: Industrial processes – 61.9 kWh/m2/year Lighting – 35.7 kWh/m2/year Fans – 33.2 kWh/m2/year Refrigeration – 21.8 kWh/m2/year Compressed air – 18.9 kWh/m2/year Computer units – 7.8 kWh/m2/year Frequency converters – 4.4 kWh/m2/year Waste heat from industrial processes, primarily from the production hall leads to high cooling demand to maintain good thermal comfort. Limitations in operation control of the buildings HVAC (Heating, Cooling and Air-conditioning) systems causes high heating and cooling demand and hence the buildings thermal mass is not properly utilized. Energy saving measures was mainly focused on increasing the controlling capability of HVAC systems. By implementing the energy efficiency measures presented in this master thesis report, building thermal mass will be more efficiently utilized. In addition, end use of electricity, heat and cooling will be reduced. In total, seven energy-saving measures proposed.  One measure is implemented to prevent heating and cooling at the same time. A brief description of the energy efficiency measures and the expected result is found below. Adjust set point for TAFA301 Energy saving: 94.0 MWh/yearPayback time: 0 year Establish time schedule for compressed air systemEnergy saving: 110.8 MWh/yearPayback time: 2.5 months Demand controlled temperature set point to heating systemEnergy saving: 167.0 MWh/yearPayback time: 3.5 months Demand control of airflow in the production hallEnergy saving: 155,5 MWh/yearPayback time: 2 years and 10 months Establish time schedule for frequency invertersEnergy saving: 104.0 MWh/yearPayback time: 3 years and 2 months Radiator thermostats to the first part of the production hall Energy saving: 6.5 MWh/yearPayback time: 5 years and 2 months Demand control of airflow in conference roomsEnergy saving: 11.0 MWh/yearPayback time: 12 years and 2 months

For many companies, energy efficiency starts with production. For this reason, special consideration must be given to the production operation as a whole as well as its sub-areas. The strict legal requirements, as well as the companies`green policies which are defined as a result of these, create complex challenges, which SMC meets with expertise and passion as a manufacturer, partner and solution provider in electric and pneumatic automation technology. On the basis of an actual customer requirement, SMC Germany has developed an innovation in the field of pneumatic energy efficiency: The Air Saving Circuit for double acting pneumatic cylinders , under the working title of Air Saving Box . The underlying idea and focus of the solution was to make good use of the compressed air generated in existing cylinders, instead of simply allowing it to go to waste. The Air Saving Box enables significant energy savings in production. Based on this customised solution, SMC has also developed an industry-independent concept that can also be integrated into existing applications.

<p>U mnogim granama tehnike javljaju se problemi<br />merenja protoka fluida. Merne blende, zbog svojih<br />mnogih prednosti predstavljaju najzastupljeniji<br />instrument za merenje protoka fluida kroz cevovode. Sa<br />druge strane njihova upotreba povećava tro&scaron;kove rada<br />industrijskih postrojenja. Jedan od ciljeva ove<br />doktorske disertacije bio je ispitivanje novih oblika<br />mernih blendi u cilju u&scaron;tede energije pri njihovom radu.<br />U ovoj doktorskoj disertaciji predložen je algoritam<br />ispitivanja novih oblika mernih blendi. Takođe je<br />konstruisana i izrađena laboratorijska aparatura za<br />njihovo ispitivanje kao i diferncijalni &quot;U&quot; manometar<br />za merenje malih razlika pritisaka. U okviru ove<br />doktorske disertacije dizajnirana su i ispitana tri nova<br />oblika mernih blendi. U&scaron;teda energije je postignuta<br />dizajnom koji smanjuje otpor merne blende kao<br />elementa cevovoda. Novi oblici mernih blendi, kao i<br />jedna standardnog oblika koja je poslužila kao<br />referentna, ispitani su prema predloženom algoritmu. U<br />prvom koraku merne blende su dizajnirane u<br />programskom paketu Solid Works. Zatim su, prema<br />predloženom algoritmu, ispitane pomoću računarske simulacije u programskom paketu COMSOL Multiphysics. Po dobijanju zadovoljavajućih rezultata računarske simulacije, merne blende su izrađene na 3D &scaron;tampaču, FDM postupkom i ispitane na laboratorijskoj aparaturi. Rezultati laboratorijskih ispitivanja su upoređeni sa rezultatima računarske simulacije. Upoređeni rezultati računarske simulacije i laboratorijskih ispitivanja su pokazali da je računarska simulacija dobro opisivala situaciju. Rezultati laboratorijskog ispitivanja su pokazali znatan efekat u&scaron;tede energije. Takođe je utvrđeno da se pomoću računarske simulacije mogu dobiti podaci na osnovu kojih se može doneti odluka da li novi oblik merne blende treba korigovati ili ima smisla pristupiti laboratorijskom ispitivanju. Algoritam ispitivanja koji je predložen u ovoj doktorskoj disertaciji se pokazao efikasnim.</p><p>&nbsp;</p> / <p>In many domains of technology, there are problems<br />with the measurement of fluid flow. Orifice plates,<br />because of their many advantages, represent the most<br />common instrument for measuring fluid flow through<br />pipelines. On the other hand, their use increases the<br />operating cost of industrial plants. One of the goals of<br />this doctoral dissertation was to test new forms of<br />orifice plates for a reason to save energy during their<br />work. An algorithm for testing new forms of orifice<br />plates is proposed. Also, the laboratory equipment for<br />testing them was designed and made, as well as a<br />differential &quot;U&quot; manometer for measuring small<br />pressure differences. As part of this doctoral<br />dissertation are designed and tested three new forms of<br />orifice plates. Energy-saving was achieved by a design<br />that reduces the resistance of the orifice plate as an<br />element of the pipeline. New forms of orifice plates, as well as a standard shape, which served as a reference, were tested according to the present algorithm. In the first step, orifice plates are designed in the Solid Works software package. Then, according to the proposed algorithm, they were tested using computer simulation in COMSOL Multiphysics software package. After achieving satisfactory results of computer simulation, orifice plates are made on a 3D printer, using the FDM process and tested in the laboratory apparatus. The results of laboratory tests were compared with the results of computer simulations. Compared results of computer simulation and laboratory testing showed that computer simulation described the situation well. The results of the laboratory test showed a significant energy-saving effect. It was also found that computer simulation can obtain data that can decide whether a new form of orifice plate must be corrected or it makes sense to access laboratory testing. The algorithm proposed in this doctoral dissertation has proven effective.</p>

L'explosion de demande de bande passante est une conséquence de l'augmentation du volume de trafic. Il est important de proposer des mécanismes pour transférer le trafic entre les réseaux interconnectés de manière efficace. D'autre part, il est prévu que les réseaux d'accès (optiques et mobiles) constituent les plus grands consommateurs d'énergie dans les réseaux optiques pour les dix prochaines années. Cette situation et l'impact croissant des réseaux sur l'environnement ont fait devenir l'efficacité énergétique dans les réseaux de télécommunications un thème important de recherche. Cette thèse se concentre donc sur la proposition de nouvelles solutions aux problèmes liées à l'augmentation du volume de trafic dans différentes segments des réseaux. Tout d'abord, nous avons étudié différents schèmes de transfert du trafic entre les réseaux interconnectes en utilisant la synchronisation. Puis, nous avons exploré la possibilité d'offrir différents services dans les réseaux intégrés optiques-mobiles. Nous avons présenté une nouvelle architecture pour la conception de l'unité de réseau optique (ONU). Ensuite, nous nous sommes focalisés sur l'économie de l'énergie et des solutions efficaces pour l'allocation de bande passante ont été proposées. Nous avons également proposé un algorithme qui fournit l'efficacité énergétique pour les récepteurs sans fil dans les ONUs hybride. Une analyse des performances en utilisant modèles de files d'attente a été présentée. Finalement, nous avons analysé le trafic hétérogène dans l'ONU hybride, et nous avons proposé un cadre pour un algorithme d'ordonnancement qui puisse mettre à jour les règles de service de façon dynamique / A big growth in the number of subscribers is increasing the traffic volume passing through each sector in a telecommunication network. Mechanisms are required to solve the traffic shift problem between two sectors of the network in an efficient way. Additionally, it is expected that the access networks (optical and wireless) will constitute the largest energy consumers among the networks for the next ten years. This situation and the increasing impact of networks on the environment have made become the energy efficiency in telecommunication networks an important theme for researches. This dissertation hence focuses on the proposition of novel solutions for deal with the problems due to the growing of traffic in different segments of the network. Firstly, we have studied the traffic shift between interconnected networks by using the synchronization as technique to solve this problem. Secondly, we have explored the possibility of provisioning different services over the integration of optical-wireless technologies, which has been considered as a promising candidate for the deployment of high-speed access networks. Architecture of design for the Optical Network Unit (ONU) is presented. Then, energy efficiency has been focused and effective bandwidth management solutions have been proposed. We have also proposed an energy efficiency algorithm for wireless receiver at hybrid ONUS. A performance analysis by queuing models was presented for the implementation of proposed solutions. Finally, we have analyzed the heterogeneous traffic at hybrid ONU, and we have proposed a framework for a scheduling algorithm considering the characteristics of different traffic sources