O trabalho coletivo em artes digitais define uma pratica que implica a interacao de diversos atores em processos de criacao que podem ter caracteristicas generativas. Na presente tese, propomos a construcao de um olhar a partir da complexidade para estudar esses processos como sistemas complexos adaptativos. A especificidade esta relacionada ao conceito de espacos estoricizados artificio para desenhar uma rede de significados emergentes, a partir das inter-relacoes entre os elementos do sistema. A adocao dessa perspectiva implica a integracao da auto-observacao ao sistema, dando ao complexo auto-organizado, visibilidade de si partindo do fluxo de informacoes para a construcao de memorias e imagens transitorias, no limiar entre impressao e imaginacao. / Collective work in digital arts defines a practice, which entails an interaction of various actors in creative processes, which may have generative features. In the current theses, we propose the construction of a point of view from complexity to study these processes as complex adaptive systems. The specificity in this work is related to the concept of storied spaces an artifice to design a network of emergent meanings from the inter-relations amongst elements of the system. The adoption of this standpoint implies integrating self-observation into the system, granting visibility of itself to the self- organizing complex from the flow of information to the construction of memories and transitory images on the threshold between impression and imagination.

O trabalho coletivo em artes digitais define uma pratica que implica a interacao de diversos atores em processos de criacao que podem ter caracteristicas generativas. Na presente tese, propomos a construcao de um olhar a partir da complexidade para estudar esses processos como sistemas complexos adaptativos. A especificidade esta relacionada ao conceito de espacos estoricizados artificio para desenhar uma rede de significados emergentes, a partir das inter-relacoes entre os elementos do sistema. A adocao dessa perspectiva implica a integracao da auto-observacao ao sistema, dando ao complexo auto-organizado, visibilidade de si partindo do fluxo de informacoes para a construcao de memorias e imagens transitorias, no limiar entre impressao e imaginacao. / Collective work in digital arts defines a practice, which entails an interaction of various actors in creative processes, which may have generative features. In the current theses, we propose the construction of a point of view from complexity to study these processes as complex adaptive systems. The specificity in this work is related to the concept of storied spaces an artifice to design a network of emergent meanings from the inter-relations amongst elements of the system. The adoption of this standpoint implies integrating self-observation into the system, granting visibility of itself to the self- organizing complex from the flow of information to the construction of memories and transitory images on the threshold between impression and imagination.

The understanding, I draw from this inquiry has come through a muddy, and complex entangledprocess. I have been re-turning like a "Baradian" earthworm, to experiences of being, in spacesof not-knowing. Digesting the mud, moving it, once more, like worms do, through the body.By doing an agential cut, into two spaces, eventually three strong agents unfold: Risk,Vulnerability, and Trust. Out of this result, an ethical and pedagogical question arise: How totake account of Vulnerability and Trust when encouraging our students to Risk?Entering a space of not knowing is at the foundation of my art practice. When as an arteducator,I went to China to inquire into the educational strategies of Chinese Classical Painting,I found myself thrown into a multitude of spaces of not knowing. This thesis, is an inquiry intohow being in such spaces, perform knowledge. To explore this, I return to the field-notes andvisual material including a report in the form of a visual essay of the study from 2011. I re-turnto this material with new tools and concepts inspired by Karen Barads metaphors of diffractionand earth-worms approach, as well as my artists tools: brush, water colours, ink, and paper;inrtoducing painting as a tool for analysis.As a theoretical approach, I entangle the flat ontology of Deleuze and Guattari, and theonto-epistem-ology of Barad, with the philosophical traditions in China of Buddhism and Dao.From an onto-epistem-ological perspective, I ask the question: "If we know about the worldbecause we are of the world," what knowledge then appear, when we experience our being in theworld as a space of not knowing. In this study, I have found that a space of not knowing performlearning through experiences of Vulnerability, Risk and Trust.The art part of this thesis is connected to Risk as well as to Vulnerability and Trust. Itfeatures a rope hanging from the ceiling to the floor. It is a rope that has been used during severalyears by a Circus artist during performances; hanging high up in the ceiling — demanding focusand presence from him. The installation at Konstfack spring-show 2018 featured the Circus artistrope together with a painting made in the context of Buddhist Vipassana meditation, entanglingmy tactile approach in art, with the text of this thesis.

At Cape Gantheaume, Kangaroo Island (South Australia), adult male, lactating female and juvenile New Zealand (NZ) and Australian fur seals regularly return to the same colony, creating the potential for intra- and inter-specific foraging competition in nearby waters. I hypothesised that these demographic groups would exhibit distinct foraging strategies, which reduce competition and facilitate their coexistence. I analysed the diet of adult male, adult female and juvenile NZ fur seals and adult male Australian fur seals and studied the diving behaviour of adult male and lactating female NZ fur seals and the at-sea movements of juvenile, adult male and lactating female NZ fur seals. Female diet reflected that of a generalist predator, influenced by prey availability and their dependant pups� fasting abilities. In contrast, adult male NZ and Australian fur seals used larger and more energy-rich prey, most likely because they could more efficiently access and handle such prey. Juvenile fur seals primarily utilised small lantern fish, which occur south of the shelf break, in pelagic waters. Juveniles undertook the longest foraging trips and adult males conducted more lengthy trips than lactating females, which perform relatively brief trips in order to regularly nurse their pups. Unlike lactating females, some adult males appeared to rest underwater by performing dives that were characterised by a period of passive drifting through the water column. The large body sizes of adult males and lactating females facilitated the use of both benthic and pelagic habitats, but adult males dived deeper and for longer than lactating females, facilitating vertical separation of their foraging habitats. Spatial overlap in foraging habitats among the age/sex groups was minimal, because lactating females typically utilised continental shelf waters and males used deeper water over the shelf break, beyond female foraging grounds. Furthermore, juveniles used pelagic waters, up to 1000 km south of the regions used by lactating females and adult males. The age and sex groups in this study employed dramatically different strategies to maximise their survival and reproductive success. Their prey and foraging habitats are likely to be shaped by body size differences, which determine their different physiological constraints and metabolic requirements. I suggest that these physiological constraints and the lactation constraints on females are the primary factors that reduce competition, thereby facilitating niche partitioning.

政府組織導入資訊科技後，帶來進步與改變的契機。過去研究從發展階段論探討此議題，多預設科技會依獨立自主的邏輯發展而對社會造成衝擊，因此主要的管理工作是協助社會大眾適應不可逆轉的科技發展。然而，這些學理上的臆測，在田野真實性是愈往發展後期愈下降，造成理論與實務的脫節。本研究從科技與社會研究（Science, Technology and Society, STS）學術脈絡下手，從實務觀察中，致力於挖掘科技和社會間雙向互動、相互形塑的關係；並主張以契合式纏繞(aligned-entanglement) 觀點，探討科技與政府組織相互形塑呈現出轉型的動態歷程。 本研究援引交引纏繞式（entanglement model）互動的模型，加上科技契合(technology alignment)觀點，應用於電子化政府整合型服務之研究，以解釋為何纏繞產生非預期結果，以致走向轉型。因為資訊科技特性需連結兩個以上組織才可讓資訊跨組織流通，所以科技與組織互動的轉型態樣有別於以往單一組織與科技互動的態樣。本研究在分析架構上的貢獻有三：1. 提出以科技契合的交引纏繞歷程觀點探討轉型，修正及補強以交引纏繞歷程觀點來分析轉型，2.開發出探討跨組織科技契合的分析構面，抽離出田野背後的運作邏輯， 3.重新詮釋公共服務的創新擴散，將以往僅探討科技創新與採用的關係，再行深入，把科技設計者從科技創新分離出，成為探討科技設計者、科技創新以及採用的關係， 由此進一步剖析當科技展演無效而發生轉型現象的論述。 本研究根據此看法，採質性多個案研究法來分析台灣電子化政府發展中兩個整合型公共服務，分別是「農產品產銷履歷系統」以及「G2G2B公文電子交換系統」，探討社會/科技集體從萌生到關係穩定化的歷程，或是位移如何發生，由此探知轉型過程。研究發現四種交引纏繞樣態皆有可能導致社會/科技集體的轉型，分別是「科技誤用，對服務真諦不了解」、「科技挪用，妥協下的次佳選擇」、「科技不適用，未立即傳遞的服務」以及「科技不用/科技調適，端視服務內容可被替代程度而定」四個纏繞軌跡的樣態。其共同特點是剛開始科技與跨組織各要素是契合的，雖偶有不契合也多以微調方式修正即可；但是逐漸在各執行面都有一些偏差，在科技展演無效後，科技設計者在權衡情境後所採取的解決方案，進一步呈現出可能的解釋因素，分別是對「科技精神」的了解程度、設計者對環境變化的認知、或科技特性在特定歷史環境不易充分發揮、或是對服務真諦的了解程度等。 本研究提出契合式纏繞觀點，相信這樣的研究成果會深化電子化政府轉型式發展的分析。本研究建議，在無效科技展演後，要預留迴旋空間(leeway)重新開啟科技的詮釋，允許不僅檢討「進度」達成與否，更要檢討「目標」是否合適，如此該社會/科技集體的纏繞式轉型才較不會走偏。 / The implementation of information technology by government entities brings opportunities for progress and change. The conventional wisdom of technology determinism considers the development of e-government as irreversible and the key objective is to assimilate the users to adopt the technology. However, these theoretical speculations tend to lose their explanation power during the later stages of e-government deployment. In other words, there is a mismatch between theory and practice. This study argues that the adoption of technology in governmental organizations is a result of interactions amongst factors such as strategic alignment, IT alignment, IT-structural and process alignment, business alignment, and service alignment. This study illustrates the dynamic entangled process in offering integrated services for e-government and describes the trajectories of this transformation. The aligned-entanglement perspective is then used to provide a better explanation than the punctuated-equilibrium and situated change perspectives. Three main contributions are made by this thesis. First, it proposes a new model to explore governmental organizational transformation. Second, it develops an analytical framework and makes explicit the operation logics of field practice. Thirdly, it re-interprets the diffusion of innovation in public services by incorporating technology designers, the technology itself, and the adopters as distinct actors in the transformation process. Qualitative case study method is used to analyze the implementation of two integrated public e-services in Taiwan: “Agriculture and Food Traceability System” and “G2G2B Electronic Document Exchange System”. The field studies show how the social/technical collective becomes stabilized overtime or how displacement occurs. This paper finds four patterns of displacement: misuse of technology through lack of understanding, the inappropriation of technology, the inapplicability of technology resulting in non-usage, and resistance or adaptation depending on suitability to the adopter’s tasks at hand. The common theme of these patterns is that, while minor misalignment can be fine-tuned in the beginning, these misalignments tend to accumulate through out the execution phases resulting in ineffective performance outcomes. Furthermore, the choices of technology designers to remedy these issues shed light on issues influencing the outcome; namely, misunderstanding of “technology spirit”, designers’ lack of sensitivity to environment change, the poor fit of technology features given its contemporary government context, and lack of understanding on the essence of services. This study proposes aligned-entanglement perspective and enriches the understanding of transformation in e-government development. This study suggests that, upon ineffective performances in technology, one should make leeway in the calibration of the deployment. By assessing the appropriateness of the initial goals in addition to reviewing progress milestones achievement, the social/technical collective is less likely to go down the wrong path in this (transformation) process.

Στην παρούσα διδακτορική διατριβή μελετούμε αλληλεπιδρώντα ανοικτά κβαντικά συστήματα δύο καταστάσεων και μελετούμε τη συμπεριφορά των κβαντικών τους χαρακτηριστικών παρουσία κλασικού θορύβου. Πιο συγκεκριμένα, μελετούμε το χρόνο αποσύμπλεξης δύο qubits του σιδηρομαγνήτη XY του Heisenberg συναρτήσει της ισχύος κλασικού Gaussian λευκού θορύβου, με δεδομένες όλες τις υπόλοιπες παραμέτρους των συστημάτων. Το βασικό μας αποτέλεσμα είναι ότι όλα τα ενδιαφέροντα φαινόμενα που επάγονται απ’ το θόρυβο, δηλαδή ο στοχαστικός συντονισμός, ο στοχαστικός αντι-συντονισμός και το φαινόμενο της θωράκισης (noise shield), εξαρτώνται άμεσα από την αρχική προετοιμασία του συστήματος των δύο qubits είτε αυτό είναι μόνο του είτε είναι υποσύστημα μιας μεγαλύτερης δομής (αλυσίδας qubits). Επίσης παρατηρούμε ότι η θερμοκρασία του περιβάλλοντος μπορεί να αποτελέσει παράγοντα ελέγχου των ανωτέρω φαινομένων. Παρέχουμε ισχυρές ενδείξεις για την ανάγκη χαρτογράφησης του πίνακα πυκνότητας ενός κβαντικού ανοικτού συστήματος με βάση τα φαινόμενα του θορύβου που μπορεί να επιδείξει / In the current Ph.D. thesis we study interacting open quantum two state systems and study the behavior of their quantum features in the presence of classical noise. More specifically, we study the disentanglement time of two Heisenberg's XY ferromagnetic qubits against the strength of classical Gaussian white noise, with all of the other parameters of the system fixed. Our main result is that all of the interesting noise induced effects, i.e. stochastic resonance, stochastic anti-resonance and the noise shield effect, are directly related to the initial preparation of the system of two qubits whether this is alone, or a subsystem of a larger structure (chain qubits). We also notice that the environmental temperature may be used as a control factor of the above effects. We provide strong evidence for the necessity of mapping the density matrix of a quantum open system according to the noise effects it can present.

Depuis l’introduction de la mécanique quantique, plusieurs mystères de la nature ont trouvé leurs explications. De plus en plus, les concepts de la mécanique quantique se sont entremêlés avec d’autres de la théorie de la complexité du calcul. De nouvelles idées et solutions ont été découvertes et élaborées dans le but de résoudre ces problèmes informatiques. En particulier, la mécanique quantique a secoué plusieurs preuves de sécurité de protocoles classiques. Dans ce m´emoire, nous faisons un étalage de résultats récents de l’implication de la mécanique quantique sur la complexité du calcul, et cela plus précisément dans le cas de classes avec interaction. Nous présentons ces travaux de recherches avec la nomenclature des jeux à information imparfaite avec coopération. Nous exposons les différences entre les théories classiques, quantiques et non-signalantes et les démontrons par l’exemple du jeu à cycle impair. Nous centralisons notre attention autour de deux grands thèmes : l’effet sur un jeu de l’ajout de joueurs et de la répétition parallèle. Nous observons que l’effet de ces modifications a des conséquences très différentes en fonction de la théorie physique considérée. / Since the introduction of quantum mechanics, many mysteries of nature have found explanations. Many quantum-mechanical concepts have merged with the field of computational complexity theory. New ideas and solutions have been put forward to solve computational problems. In particular, quantum mechanics has struck down many security proofs of classical protocols. In this thesis, we survey recent results regarding the implication of quantum mechanics to computational complexity and more precisely to classes with interaction. We present the work done in the framework of cooperative games with imperfect information. We give some differences between classical, quantum and no-signaling theories and apply them to the specific example of Odd Cycle Games. We center our attention on two different themes: the effect on a game of adding more players and of parallel repetition. We observe that depending of the physical theory considered, the consequences of these changes is very different.

Dans ce mémoire, je démontre que la distribution de probabilités de l'état quantique Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) sous l'action locale de mesures de von Neumann indépendantes sur chaque qubit suit une distribution qui est une combinaison convexe de deux distributions. Les coefficients de la combinaison sont reliés aux parties équatoriales des mesures et les distributions associées à ces coefficients sont reliées aux parties réelles des mesures. Une application possible du résultat est qu'il permet de scinder en deux la simulation de l'état GHZ. Simuler, en pire cas ou en moyenne, un état quantique comme GHZ avec des ressources aléatoires, partagées ou privées, et des ressources classiques de communication, ou même des ressources fantaisistes comme les boîtes non locales, est un problème important en complexité de la communication quantique. On peut penser à ce problème de simulation comme un problème où plusieurs personnes obtiennent chacune une mesure de von Neumann à appliquer sur le sous-système de l'état GHZ qu'il partage avec les autres personnes. Chaque personne ne connaît que les données décrivant sa mesure et d'aucune façon une personne ne connaît les données décrivant la mesure d'une autre personne. Chaque personne obtient un résultat aléatoire classique. La distribution conjointe de ces résultats aléatoires classiques suit la distribution de probabilités trouvée dans ce mémoire. Le but est de simuler classiquement la distribution de probabilités de l'état GHZ. Mon résultat indique une marche à suivre qui consiste d'abord à simuler les parties équatoriales des mesures pour pouvoir ensuite savoir laquelle des distributions associées aux parties réelles des mesures il faut simuler. D'autres chercheurs ont trouvé comment simuler les parties équatoriales des mesures de von Neumann avec de la communication classique dans le cas de 3 personnes, mais la simulation des parties réelles résiste encore et toujours. / In this Master's thesis, I show that the probability distribution of the Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger quantum state (GHZ) under local action of independent von Neumann measurements follows a convex distribution of two distributions.The coefficients of the combination are related to the equatorial parts of the measurements, and the distributions associated with those coefficients are associated with the real parts of the measurements. One possible application of my result is that it allows one to split into two pieces the simulation of the GHZ state. Simulating, in worst case or in average, a quantum state like the GHZ state with random resources, shared or private, as well as with classical communication resources or even odd resources like nonlocal boxes is a very important in the theory of quantum communication complexity. We can think of this simulation problem as a problem in which many people get the description of a von Neumann measurement. Each party does not know the description of any other measurements belonging to the other parties. Each party after having applied his measurement on the subsystem of the state that he shares with the others gets a classical outcome. The joint distribution of the outcomes of every parties follows the distribution studied in this thesis in the case of the GHZ state. My result indicates that in order to simulate the distribution, we can first simulate the equatorial parts of the measurements in order to know which distribution associated to the real parts of the measurements to simulate. Other researchers have found how to simulate the equatorial parts of the von Neumann measurements with classical resources in the case of 3 parties, but it is still unknown how to simulate the real parts.

This PhD is devoted to the mechanics and statistical mechanics of biofilaments and their most widespread model, the Worm-Like Chain (WLC) model, which, as it turns out, needs to be extended. We study the WLC in 2-d in the presence of obstacles closer than their persistence length. We characterize the short time motion by numerical simulations complemented by analytical calculations. Similar concepts serve to describe grafted DNAs swept by the front of a spreading vesicle whose adhesion is promoted by biotin/streptavidin bonds, which constrain the DNAs on narrow paths where they can be imaged. Microtubules (MT), here stabilized by taxol, show features which cannot be rationalized by the WLC and shall be related to their internal structure : i)lateral deflections of a clamped MT correspond to an effective persistence length growing with the MT size ii) MT adopt super-helical shapes. These two points are proven by refined image analysis. We analyze shape transitions correlated along the MT which are compatible with a model based on dimer bi-stability. Finally, a super helical chain model (HWLC) allowing for spontaneous curvature and twist is developed which extends the WLC. When confined to 2-d, the HWLC can adopt a ground state which is circular or wavy with inflection points where twist accumulates, so-called twist-kinks. In the circular case there exist close metastable states, with a small number of twist-kinks, which are hyperflexible.

Pour décrire les vibrations à l'intérieur des molécules diatomiques, le potentiel de Morse est une meilleure approximation que le système de l'oscillateur harmonique. Ainsi, en se basant sur la définition des états cohérents et comprimés donnée dans le cadre du problème de l'oscillateur harmonique, la première partie de ce travail suggère une construction des états cohérents et comprimés pour le potentiel de Morse. Deux types d’états seront construits et leurs différentes propriétés seront étudiées en portant une attention particulière aux trajectoires et aux dispersions afin de confirmer la quasi-classicité de ces états. La deuxième partie de ce travail propose d'insérer ces deux types d’états cohérents et comprimés de Morse dans un miroir semi-transparent afin d'introduire un nouveau moyen de créer de l'intrication. Cette intrication sera mesurée à l’aide de l’entropie linéaire et nous étudierons la dépendance par rapport aux paramètres de cohérence et de compression. / In order to describe the vibrations inside a diatomic molecule, the Morse potential is a better approximation than the harmonic oscillator system. Thus, based on the definition of the coherent states given in the context of the harmonic oscillator, the first part of this work suggests a construction for the squeezed coherent states of the Morse potential. Two types of states will be constructed and their diverse properties will be studied with special attention to the trajectories and dispersions in order to confirm their quasi-classicity. The second part of this work proposes to insert those two types of Morse squeezed coherent states in a beam splitter in order to introduce a new way of creating entanglement. This entanglement will be measured by the linear entropy and we will study the dependence with the coherence and squeezing parameters.