Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T12:17:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Arquivototal01.pdf: 20844590 bytes, checksum: 3b96c71abc317754ac4d3685743de350 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-08-25 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The mining activity is essential for the development of human societies and at the same time it causes degradations in high power. This activity developed by large companies is common in many countries, including Brazil. The installation and operation of these enterprises do not choose a place, mostly being dependent on a number of factors and having as one of determinants the closeness of exploration area. Thus, mining companies are present from big cities to rural areas far from large population centers. Due to environmental law compliance, this geographical location does not matter, though closer to communities can lead to higher level of social and environmental conflicts and thus require the adoption of instruments to improve environmental management. Based on this understanding, the present study chose three mining companies certified with the ISO 14001 environmental standard located on the municipalities of Boa Vista, João Pessoa e Mataraca in Paraiba State. The aim of this research is to understand how the environmental management of these companies is seen by people from nearby communities, requiring an understanding of the everyday actions of these companies in the environmental area, as well as obtain and record the opinions of homemakers in neighboring communities. From the obtainment of social and economical reality of these residents, the answers related to environmental management developed in these enterprises were handled by Pareto Diagram, allowing to check if there are differences on relationships between the three study areas in aspects such as environmental education, pollution, health and others. Finally, the understanding of the relationship between environmental impacts, environmental certifications and communities to the same branch of activity pointed out the peculiarities of environmental certifications for each locality with regard to the relationship with nearby communities. / A mineração é atividade essencial para o desenvolvimento da sociedade humana e ao mesmo tempo de alto poder degradador, desenvolvida por grandes empresas em vários países, inclusive no Brasil. A instalação e operação desses empreendimentos não escolhem lugar, na maioria das vezes, estando condicionadas a uma série de fatores, tendo a proximidade com a área de exploração como determinante. Dessa forma, as empresas de mineração estão presentes em grandes cidades até em áreas rurais distantes dos grandes aglomerados populacionais, sendo a maior proximidade com comunidades um fator para um maior nível de conflitos socioambientais, o que exige a adoção de instrumentos de melhoria na gestão ambiental desses empreendimentos. Partindo desse entendimento, a pesquisa analisou três áreas localizadas em municípios do Estado da Paraíba (Boa Vista, João Pessoa e Mataraca), que possuem mineradoras certificadas pela norma ambiental ISO 14001. O objetivo foi entender de que forma a gestão ambiental dessas empresas é vista pelas pessoas das comunidades mais próximas, tomando como referência as ações desenvolvidas pela área ambiental dessas empresas e a opinião das donas-de-casa. A partir da obtenção da realidade socioeconômica das moradoras, as respostas dadas foram tratadas por meio da técnica do Diagrama de Pareto, possibilitando verificar a existência de diferenças quanto ao relacionamento entre as três áreas estudadas no tocante à educação ambiental, poluição e saúde. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que o fator proximidade empresa-comunidade não é garantia de um relacionamento harmonioso. Por fim, o entendimento da relação entre impactos ambientais, certificação ambiental e comunidades para um mesmo ramo de atividade evidenciou as peculiaridades da gestão ambiental para cada localidade no que se refere ao relacionamento com as comunidades próximas, podendo ser constatado que a certificação ambiental não é certeza de um bom relacionamento com a comunidade. Logo, os estudos em Geografia na área ambiental necessitam de análises que busquem compreender as relações da sociedade com seu ambiente, obtendo-se as percepções das pessoas que ali vivenciam o cotidiano, buscando subjetividades e informações darealidade socioespacial.

Orientador: Luiz Carlos Forti / Banca: Juliane Floriano Lopes / Banca: Wesley Augusto Conte Godoy / Resumo: O uso de formigas como bioindicadores constitui-se de uma ferramenta poderosa para avaliação de mudanças na estrutura dos ecossistemas, podendo ser um elo de confiança entre as partes interessadas (governo, mercado e a sociedade civil) no direcionamento de políticas públicas, e em processos de certificação, garantindo um desenvolvimento sustentável. Para validar as formigas como bioindicadores de áreas citrícolas foram amostradas quatro áreas, duas áreas de cultivo convencional e duas áreas de cultivo orgânico, e dois fragmentos florestais próximos a duas das áreas cultivadas, uma orgânica e uma convencional. A amostragem da mirmecofauna foi realizada utilizando-se armadilhas de solo tipo "pitfall traps" e em coletas realizadas na copa das árvores de citros através de guarda-chuva entomológico (batimento). Com os dados obtidos em campo foram calculados índices faunísticos de riqueza de espécies (S), diversidade de Shannon (H), diversidade de Simpson (1-D) e equitabilidade (J) para cada área amostrada. As espécies foram ainda classificadas em grupos funcionais e submetidos a análise estatística de similaridade e de variância de Kruskal-Wallis, que quando apresentaram valores significativos (p<O.05), foram pareados dois a dois em teste de Student-Newman-Keuls. Segundo os dados estatísticos obtidos e integrados a análise de grupos funcionais, a área de cultivo orgânico apresentou maior similaridade com seu fragmento florestal quando comparado a similaridade apresentada pela área de cultivo convencional e seu respectivo fragmento florestal. Ponderando as relações de dominância e os dados estatísticos obtidos em análises entre os grupos funcionais as áreas de cultivo orgânico apresentam melhor qualidade ambiental quando comparadas as áreas de cultivo convencional / Abstract: The use of ants as bioindicators consist in a powerful tool for evaluation of changes in the structure of ecosystems, being able to be a reliable link among stakeholders (government, market and the civil society) aiming public politics and certification's processes, guaranteeing a sustainable development. To validate ants as bioindicators of citrus orchards, four agricultural areas were sampled, two of them are organic and the other two, are conventional areas. Two forest fragments, next to both cultivated areas, one organic and one conventional, were also sampled. Two methods were used to collect the ants, on soil surface using pitfall traps, and collects on canopies' citrus trees using entomological umbrella. With the data obtained in field the following indexes were calculated: Species richness (S), Shannon diversity (H), Simpson diversity (1-D) and equitability (J) for each sampled area. All the collected species were classified by functional groups and submitted to similarity's analyses, and variance of Kruskal-Wallis, that when showed significant values (p<O.05) were submitted to pairwise test of Student-Newman-Keuls. According to statistical data and the functional group analyses, the organic culture showed a greater similarity with its forest fragment when compared to similarity showed between the conventional culture and its own forest fragment. Considering the statistical data and dominance between the ant's functional groups, organic cultures showed better environmental quality when compared to conventional cultures / Mestre

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / To achieve a green building, special attention is required to the project stage once it will give the guidelines for the implementation, operation and maintenance of the building. Designers play a key role in the sustainable principles of the buildings, and the project must be oriented, since its beginning, to reach this goal. This can provide some changes to the entire production chain of the built environment. In Brazil, there is an inertia to the development of sustainable projects. Although there are professionals engaged in environmental movements, sustainable actions are just beginning. Thus, the incorporation of environmental demands to the design process became urgent. Thereby, this research proposes to investigate about the design of sustainable residential projects. The purpose of this research is to perform a study about the difficulties faced in the project process of certificated sustainable residential buildings, specifically with regards to the first category of the Technical Reference of the AQUA certification, which is the object of this study. In this context, this work seeks to identify how designers apply sustainable concepts in the project stage of residential green buildings, in order to implement a simplified methodology to facilitate its inclusion into the first category of the AQUA Process. The end result of this work will be the development of guidelines for the design of sustainable residential projects, based on the criteria from AQUA\'s first category. This will collaborate for a better understanding of this technical reference component and may also assist companies and designers who have not yet completed or started the certification process. Difficulties could be minimized and consequently the certification process of residential sustainable buildings projects will become easier. / Para se obter uma construção sustentável é necessária atenção especial à fase de concepção de projetos, uma vez que esta dará as diretrizes para a execução, operação e manutenção da edificação. Os projetistas desempenham papel fundamental na concepção dos princípios de sustentabilidade dos edifícios e, o projeto deve ser orientado desde o início a esse objetivo, ajudando a modificar toda a cadeia produtiva do ambiente construído. No Brasil, em geral, há uma inércia para a elaboração de projetos sustentáveis, e apesar de existirem profissionais engajados em movimentos ambientalistas, é muito incipiente. Assim, torna-se urgente a incorporação das novas demandas ambientais ao processo de projeto. Dessa forma, nesta pesquisa se propõe investigar a respeito da concepção de projetos habitacionais sustentáveis. A temática central dessa proposta está voltada para a realização de um estudo sobre as dificuldades enfrentadas no processo de projeto de edifícios habitacionais certificados, especificamente com relação à Categoria 1 do Referencial Técnico da Certificação AQUA, objeto de estudo deste trabalho. Neste contexto, busca-se compreender a percepção dos profissionais quanto à aplicação dos requisitos de sustentabilidade no projeto de edifícios habitacionais, a fim de implementar uma metodologia simplificada para viabilizar o enquadramento destes dentro da categoria 1 Relação do edifício com o entorno - do Processo AQUA. O resultado final deste trabalho será a elaboração de diretrizes para a concepção de projetos habitacionais sustentáveis, tomando como base os requisitos propostos na Categoria Relação do edifícios com o seu entorno . O que colaborará para uma melhor compreensão deste componente do referencial técnico, podendo ainda, auxiliar empresas e projetistas que ainda não completaram ou não iniciaram o processo de certificação. Minimizando assim, as dificuldades e, facilitando a certificação de projetos de edifícios habitacionais ao Processo AQUA. / Mestre em Engenharia Civil

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-01-26T17:23:55Z No. of bitstreams: 1 vivianmorenodeoliveira.pdf: 1919237 bytes, checksum: 34a344db3da81e384655cc77a02c7d3a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-01-27T11:06:49Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 vivianmorenodeoliveira.pdf: 1919237 bytes, checksum: 34a344db3da81e384655cc77a02c7d3a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-27T11:06:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 vivianmorenodeoliveira.pdf: 1919237 bytes, checksum: 34a344db3da81e384655cc77a02c7d3a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-07-18 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A produção de empreendimentos habitacionais no Brasil tem como desafios atender as expectativas que correspondam às realidades socioeconômicas, de déficit e de demanda. Além disto, é necessário produzir em grande quantidade, em menor tempo e pelo menor preço. Essa produção em larga escala e sem parâmetros mínimos de desempenho resultou, durante anos, na construção de moradias precárias com qualidade bastante inferior às necessidades dos usuários. Diante deste histórico de baixa qualidade das habitações surge a necessidade de estabelecer o desempenho mínimo para a construção das novas moradias proposta pela norma ABNT NBR 15575:2013 – Edificações habitacionais – Desempenho. Outro desafio para os países em desenvolvimento está em atender aos conceitos de sustentabilidade por meio dos sistemas de certificação ambiental. Com a norma em vigor e sua obrigatoriedade de aplicação, torna-se imprescindível que os conceitos de desempenho sejam contemplados pelos sistemas de certificação, uma vez que estão orientados a uma avaliação ambiental e prescritiva. Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo identificar o quanto os sistemas nacionais de certificação ambiental para edifícios habitacionais já estão atendendo aos critérios estabelecidos pela norma brasileira de desempenho. O método de pesquisa adotado foi uma revisão bibliográfica de cunho descritivo e exploratório, em que foram realizadas análises comparativas entre os critérios estabelecidos pelo AQUA, Selo Casa Azul e RTQ-R e os critérios de desempenho exigidos pela norma NBR 15575:2013. Os sistemas de certificação brasileiros sofreram adaptações e influências das metodologias internacionais, orientadas a uma avaliação ambiental. No entanto, os sistemas de certificação analisados já estão atendendo a algumas exigências da norma brasileira de desempenho. Neste caso, construtoras e escritórios de projetos que já atendem a alguma destas metodologias terão menos dificuldades para aplicação da norma, uma vez que algumas exigências já foram contempladas. A norma NBR 15575 visa assegurar a qualidade das habitações durante seu ciclo de vida, cujas exigências já estão sendo incorporadas, ainda que aos poucos na forma de projetar e construir, a exemplo dos sistemas de certificação ambiental. / The production of housing projects in Brazil is to meet the challenges and expectations correspond to socioeconomic realities, of deficit and demand. Moreover, it is necessary produce in large quantities, in less time and at the lowest price. This large-scale production and no minimum parameters resulted, for years, in the construction of substandard housing with much lower quality to user needs. Given this historical low quality of housing it is the need to establish minimum performance for the construction of new housing through of the standard ABNT NBR 15575:2013 - Residential Buildings - Performance. Another challenge for developing countries is to cater to the concepts of sustainability through environmental certification systems. With the agreed standard and its mandatory application, it is essential that the concepts of performance are contemplated by certification systems, since they are oriented to an environmental assessment and prescriptive. This research aims to identify how national systems of environmental certification for residential buildings are already meeting the criteria established by the Brazilian standard of performance. The research method used was a literature review of descriptive and exploratory nature, where comparative analyzes of the criteria established by AQUA, Blue House Seal and RTQ-R and the performance criteria required by the standard NBR 15575:2013 were performed. Brazilian certification systems have been adapted and influenced of the international methodologies, oriented to an environmental assessment. However, certification systems analyzed are already catering to some criteria of the Brazilian standard of performance. In this case, construction companies and design offices that already meet any of these methods will have less difficulty in applying the rule, since some criteria were already attended. The standard NBR 15575 is intended to ensure the quality of housing during their life cycle, whose demands are already being incorporated, albeit slowly as design and build, the example of environmental certification systems.

No description available.

Over the last ten years there has been a significant increase in environmental certification of buildings in the world. More and more people are getting aware of the fact that buildings use a lot of energy and affect the wellbeing of the community and our planet. The research has the last 15 years therefore produced several studies investigating different options available to decrease buildings environmental impact. Through the following report a summary is done reviewing the many opinions in the field. The goal with this Bachelor of Science thesis is thus to investigate the issue “Why should property owners and tenants choose environmentally certified buildings? What are the benefits and drawbacks for respective part?” To answer this question an extensive literature review over available materials in this field were made, both internationally and in Sweden. A closer investigation was then conducted through interviews for the market in Sweden to fill in gaps in information. The interviewed parties were all active within the field and had different perspectives representing both property owners and tenants. In our results can we see several benefits for property owners in possessing environmentally certified buildings. Some of the more significant of these benefits are potentially higher rental levels, market values, lower vacancies and energy savings resulting in better net operating income. Add thereto a competitive advantage against other property owners and a decreased risk of being deselected by tenants. Motivating why the tenant should be located in certified real estate is not as simple though, which in Sweden might be because of the high standards in many buildings and that it is hard to directly connect several of the benefits to the certification. Though, generally seen because of that the demand still is high should reasons as better indoor climate, increased productivity and quality assurance be strong arguments to choose environmental certified buildings. Furthermore could the disagreement in the business be solved with more transparency about the cost situation and clearer conformity between the different environmental certification systems. / De senaste tio åren har det kunnat observeras en markant ökning av antalet miljöcertifierade byggnader runt om i världen. Fler och fler blir medvetna om att byggnader använder mycket energi och påverkar hur både människor och vår planet mår. Forskningen har de senaste 15 åren därför producerat många studier som utreder flertalet av de alternativ som finns för att sänka byggnaders miljöpåverkan. Genom följande rapport görs en sammanställning av en del av det brus och åsikter som finns om ämnet. Tanken med kandidatarbetet är således att utreda frågeställningen ”Varför ska fastighetsägare och hyresgäster välja miljöcertifierade fastigheter? Vad finns det för fördelar och nackdelar för respektive part?”. För att kunna svara på denna fråga genomfördes en utförlig litteraturstudie av tillgängligt material inom området, både internationellt och i Sverige. En närmare undersökning har sedan gjorts med hjälp av intervjuer för att komplettera och fylla ut bilden av miljöcertifieringssystem i Sverige. De intervjuade tillhör intressenter som är verksamma från olika perspektiv för fastighetsägare eller hyresgäster. Vi kan i resultaten se att det finns flera fördelar för fastighetsägare i att äga miljöcertifierade fastigheter. Några av de tydligare av dessa är bättre driftnetto på grund av energibesparing, potentiellt högre hyresnivåer och marknadsvärden samt lägre vakans. Lägg därtill ett konkurrensmedel mot andra fastighetsägare och minskad risk för att bli bortvald av hyresgäster. Ur hyresgästperspektiv är det svårare att motivera varför de ska vara lokaliserade till miljöcertifierade fastigheter, vilket i Sverige i många fall beror på att byggnader redan har hög standard samt att det är svårare att knyta fördelar just till själva miljöcertifieringen. Men generellt sett i och med att efterfrågan ändå är stor borde anledningar som bättre inomhusklimat, ökad produktivitet och kvalitetssäkring vara kraftiga argument för att välja miljöcertifierat. Vidare skulle oenigheten i branschen kunna lösas med mer transparens i kostnadsfrågan och en tydligare överensstämmelse mellan de olika miljöcertifieringssystemen.

The Green Bond market in Sweden is still relatively new and the first companies to issue these new financial products in Sweden were companies on the real estate market. The purpose of this thesis is to examine the characteristic that makes a Green Bond different to other Bonds and to understand why this product is of interest to investors and issuers. Furthermore we try to estimate the future for this financial product. This descriptive study on Green Bonds at the real estate market derives from economic theories on capital structure, Greenwashing, CSR, environmental certification of buildings and interviews with prominent individuals within this field. We have limited our field of study to Swedish real estate companies that have issued Green Bonds to answer the research questions. A Green Bond does not different from an ordinary Bond, so what makes this product unique is the framework that states that the money should be invested in projects that lowers climate impact. The Swedish real estate companies who have issued Green Bonds recognized a great demand for their products. One reason behind this great demand among investors is that they don’t need to give up yield on their investment and at the same time receive positive reactions from the society when investing in these products. To avoid the risks of Greeenwashing the invested money must be traceable to projects within the framework. The Norwegian research institute CICERO plays an important role in assuring that the framework made for the Green Bods clearly states which projects the money are allowed to be spent on. / Marknaden för gröna obligationer i Sverige är fortfarande relativt ny och de företag som har varit i framkant med att emittera gröna obligationer är företag på den svenska fastighetsmarknaden. Syftet med vår uppsats är att ta reda på hur en grön obligation skiljer sig från en vanlig obligation, vilka aktörer som har intresserat sig för produkten och hur framtidsutsikterna för denna finansiella produkt ser ut. Utifrån teorier som beskriver företags kapitalstruktur, Greenwashing, CSR, miljöcertifiering av byggnader och med stöd från de tolv intervjuer som genomförts har vi genomfört en deskriptiv studie av marknaden för gröna obligationer, med avgränsning mot fastighetsbolag som emitterat denna produkt för att få svar på vårt syfte- och frågeställning. En grön obligations finansiella aspekt är direkt kopierad från en vanlig obligation, det som skiljer dem åt är att ett ramverk reglerar vilka projekt likviden får gå till. De svenska fastighetsbolagen som emitterat gröna obligationer har mött en hög efterfrågan på produkten och har inte haft problem med att få in kapital för att miljöcertifiera sina fastigheter. En orsak till det stora intresset för produkten är att investerare inte behöver göra avkall på avkastningen på investeringen, samtidigt som både emittenter och investerare hamnar i ett positivt sammanhang när produkten emitteras. För att inte riskera att konceptet urvattnas och att likviden inte går till projekt som bidrar till en sänkt klimatpåverkan ställs höga krav på de inblandade parterna. Därför spelar det norska forskningsinstitutet CICERO en viktig roll vars uppgift är att granska det ramverk som reglerar vilka projekt likviden får gå till.

WELL är ett av det första certifieringssystemet för byggnader som fokuserar på människors hälsa och välbefinnande. Det innehåller över 100 olika prestandamätningar, strategier och riktlinjer som rör allt från projektering, produktion till förvaltning av byggnader.WELL-certifiering utvecklades av International WELL Building Institute (IWBI) och bygger på forskning förhållandet mellan medicin, vetenskap och design. Standarden omfattar olika aspekter av byggnadernas inomhusmiljö och hur de påverkar människors hälsa och välbefinnande. Certifieringen bedömer och främjar faktorer som kan påverka människors hälsa och välbefinnande, exempelvis luft- och vattenkvalitet, belysning, ljudmiljö, ergonomi, kost och fysisk aktivitet. Den tar också hänsyn till faktorer som främjar välbefinnande, som exempelvis åtkomst till grönområden och designelement som främjar stressreducering och mental klarhet. Genom att uppnå WELL-certifiering kan en byggnad visa sitt engagemang för att skapa en hälsosam och stimulerande inomhusmiljö för de som arbetar, bor eller vistas i byggnaderna. Syftet med arbetet är att undersöka hur WELL-certifieringar kan implementeras i den svenska bygg- och fastighetsbranschen. Arbetet fokuserar på vilka anpassningar som behövs för att möta WELL:s krav, samt hur det gällande regelverket och dess lagstiftningar kan tillämpas på certifierade byggnader. Metoden som valdes för arbetet omfattar litteraturstudie och intervjun. Litteraturstudien användes för att samla underlag och information om hur certifieringsprocessen fungerar med fokus på begrepp och koncept som ingår i WELL-certifieringen. Intervjuer användes för att undersöka hur WELL anpassar sig till det svenska samhället och dessa kräv. Även för att undersöka underhåll och förvaltning av WELL -certifierade byggnader samt redogöra för skillnaderna mellan traditionell förvaltning och förvaltning utifrån certifieringen. Intervjuerna genomfördes med olika aktörer inom byggbranschen. Urvalet av intervjupersoner görs utifrån deras erfarenhet och kunskap inom WELL. Resultatet av studien visade certifieringsprocessen är en omfattande och följer steg-för-steg-process som involverar olika aktörer, inklusive fastighetsutvecklare, arkitekter, ingenjörer och konsulter för olika steg i certifieringsprocessen. Att implementeringen av WELL-certifiering i svenska byggprojekt kan vara utmanande och kräver anpassningar, inklusive övervinnande av språkbarriärer och irrelevanta indikatorer. Genom att ta hänsyn till svenska lagar och byggregler (BBR) och undvika krav som redan uppfylls i Sverige, samt revidera och anpassa svåra krav till svenska förhållanden, kan WELL-certifiering vara mer genomförbar, mer kostnadseffektiv och relevant för den svenska marknaden. När det gäller förvaltning, fastighetsägaren har ansvaret för regelbundna mätningar och kontroller, vilket kan medföra ökade kostnader och kräva förvaltningsarbete. I WELL betonas vikten av förebyggande åtgärder för att minimera risker och skador samt förbättring av rutiner och kvalitet i förvaltningsprocessen. WELL-certifiering kan fungera som ett differentierande element och attrahera brukare som prioriterar hälsa och välmående på arbetsplatsen. WELL erkänns som en helhetlig strategi för att främja välmående. / WELL is one of the first certification systems for buildings that focuses on human health and well-being. It contains over 100 different performance measurements, strategies and guidelines covering everything from planning, production to building management. WELL certification was developed by the International WELL Building Institute (IWBI) and is based on research into the relationship between medicine, science and design. The standard covers various aspects of the buildings' indoor environment and how they affect people's health and well-being. The purpose of the work is to investigate how WELL certifications can be implemented in the Swedish construction and real estate industry. The work focuses on what adaptations are needed to meet WELL's requirements, as well as how the current regulations and its legislation can be applied to certified buildings. The method chosen for the work includes literature study and interview. The literature study was used to collect data and information about how the certification process works with a focus on terms and concepts included in the WELL certification. Interviews were used to investigate how WELL adapts to Swedish society and these demands. Also, to investigate the maintenance and management of WELL-certified buildings and explain the differences between traditional management and management based on the certification. The results of the study showed the certification process is a comprehensive and follows a step-by-step process that involves different actors, including real estate developers, architects, engineers and consultants for different steps in the certification process. That the implementation of WELL certification in Swedish construction projects can be challenging and requires adaptations, including overcoming language barriers and irrelevant indicators. By considering Swedish laws and building regulations (BBR) and avoiding requirements that are already met in Sweden, as well as revising and adapting difficult requirements to Swedish conditions, WELL certification can be more feasible, more cost-effective and relevant for the Swedish market. When it comes to management, the property owner is responsible for regular measurements and checks, which can lead to increased costs and require management work. WELL certification can serve as a differentiator and attract users who prioritize health and wellness in the workplace.

Hållbar utveckling är ett omtalat ämne i dagens fastighetsbransch. Med flera färdplaner och globala mål som främjar en långsiktig hållbar utveckling har det framkommit system för hur man ska miljöanpassa byggnader. Miljöbyggnad och Svanenmärkning är två system som utvecklats i Sverige. För att följa ett hållbart strategiskt arbetet följer flera fastighetsbolag uppmaningen om ett netto noll utsläpp av växthusgaser 2045 i fastighetsbranschen. Detta föranleder ett ökat initiativ av att bygga hållbart och miljöanpassa redan befintliga byggnader.   Syftet med uppsatsen är att utföra en studie på hur de svenska miljöcertifieringssystemen, Miljöbyggnad och Svanen, förhåller sig till ett hållbarhetsarbete samt hur dessa certifikat värderas i fastighetsvärderingsprocessen. Studien kommer i förhållande till certifieringarna granska värderingsprocessen för att undersöka om certifikatet har ett ekonomiskt värde och analysera sambandet mellan miljöcertifiering och marknadsvärdet.  Resultatet av denna undersökning antyder att bostäder som är miljöcertifierade inte påvisar ett tydligt ekonomisk värde i relation till marknadsvärdet. Dock konstateras det att avgiften som erläggs på dessa bostadsrätter är betydligt lägre än de konventionella bostadsrätterna. Ett resultat av detta visar att miljö- och hållbarhets attributerna som existerar i dessa bostäder resulterar till en lägre avgift i jämförelse med de icke-miljöcertifierade bostadsrätterna. Småhusen påvisar ingen ökning av marknadsvärdet om en Svanenmärkning finns. Slutsatsen som tagits i detta arbete är att värderingen kring både bostadsrätter samt småhus vare sig dessa är miljöcertifierade eller ej ger en svår bedömning om det finns en tydligt korrelation mellan miljöcertifieringen och marknadsvärdet. / Sustainable development is an ongoing topic in today's real estate industry. With several roadmaps and global goals that promote a long-term sustainable development, systems for how to adapt buildings to the environment have emerged. Environmental Building and Nordic Swan Ecolabel are two systems developed in Sweden. In order to follow sustainable strategic work, several real estate companies follow the goal for a net zero emission of greenhouse gases by 2045 in the real estate industry. This leads to an increased initiative of sustainable development and adapting existing buildings to the environment. The purpose of the thesis is to carry out a study of how the Swedish environmental certification systems, Environmental Building and Nordic Swan Ecolabel, relate to sustainability work and how these certificates are valued in the property valuation process. In relation to the certifications, the study will investigate the valuation process to examine whether the certificate has an economic value and analyze the connection between environmental certification and market value. Results of this survey suggest that homes that are environmentally certified do not show a clear economic value in relation to the market value. However, it is noted that the fee paid on these condominiums is significantly lower than the conventional condominiums. A result of this shows that the environmental and sustainability attributes that exist in these homes result in a lower fee in comparison with the non-environmentally certified condominiums. The single-family homes do not show an increase in market value for houses with a Nordic Swan Ecolabel.  The conclusion drawn in this study is that the valuation of both a condominium and a single-family home, whether these homes are environmentally certified or not, is difficult to assess whether there is a clear correlation between the certification and the market value.

Novas concepções de gestão empresarial têm surgido, baseadas no princípio que estabelece uma política de qualidade ambiental, incorporando à atividade industrial as bases da promoção da sustentabilidade do desenvolvimento. Objetivos: Avaliar o processo da certificação ISO 14001 em uma empresa do setor automotivo e o grau de conhecimento e envolvimento dos entrevistados, com relação ao processo de implantação, implementação, certificação e pós-certificação. Metodologia: um estudo de caso, com abordagem metodológica descritiva, quantitativa e qualitativa, de uma multinacional do setor automotivo, localizada no Município de São Bernardo do Campo, São Paulo. Alguns dos critérios para o estudo foram: certificação em conformidade com a ISO 14001; SGA implementado e em funcionamento; liderança na área de meio ambiente em nível nacional e internacional; com participação junto às comunidades do entorno, no exercício da cidadania corporativa e que concordasse e permitisse a realização do estudo, com acesso às informações necessárias. Os dados foram observacionais e obtidos por meio de entrevistas com os indivíduos envolvidos. A análise dos dados foi feita utilizando o Método de Análise de Conteúdo de BARDIN (1995). Resultados: A empresa possui mais de 9.000 funcionários, 21 setores envolvidos no processo de implementação do SGA. A maioria dos entrevistados possui curso superior completo e destes, 68,2 por cento em engenharia. As principais motivações da empresa ao buscar a certificação foram, de acordo com 43,5 por cento das respostas, a preocupação e o comprometimento com o meio ambiente e, para 34,8 por cento dos entrevistados, as exigências de mercado e o controle sobre os impactos causados ao ambiente. Após a certificação, ocorreram mudanças significativas dentro da empresa na opinião de 82,6 por cento dos colaboradores. Com relação à minimização dos riscos de novas e futuras vulnerabilidades legais e à maior conscientização e percepção dos trabalhadores em relação à questão ambiental, 95,7 por cento das respostas foram positivas. Sobre as dificuldades e conflitos encontrados durante o processo de certificação, 52,2 por cento apontaram a conscientização em todos os níveis como sendo a maior delas. Os funcionários do chão de fábrica (47,5 por cento ) sabem dizer que a ISO é relacionada com o meio ambiente. Alguns dos principais benefícios obtidos, após 19 meses da certificação, são a responsabilidade ambiental, com 43,5 por cento , e a melhoria da imagem da empresa, com 21,7 por cento das respostas. A certificação trouxe ganho para a empresa, para os funcionários, para a sociedade em geral e para o meio ambiente, tendo sido considerada a maior conquista de todas a conscientização ambiental adquirida, na opinião de 50,0 por cento dos entrevistados. Conclusões: O SGA, embora não seja a única solução para a resolução de todas as questões ambientais de uma organização, ele é uma ferramenta muito importante para o diagnóstico e gerenciamento destas questões. / New conceptions of environmental management arise all the time, based on the principles that establish an environmental quality policy, incorporating the basis of a sustainable development to the industrial activities. Objectives: To evaluate the certification process in an industry of the automotive sector and how involved the employees of the company are. Methods: ISO 14001 implementation case study, with a descriptive, qualitative and quantitative methodology, in a multinational company located in São Bernardo do Campo - São Paulo. Some criterions used to choose this company were: having an ISO 14001 certificate; an effective EMS; leadership in the environmental issues; social work with the local communities; and, most of all, that would allow this study to happen. Data were obtained through a survey technique, and a questionnaire as the main tool of the research. Data analysis was carried out through contents analysis methods (BARDIN 1995). Results: The company has more than 9.000 employees and 21 internal divisions involved with the implementation process. Most of the employees are engineer (68,2 per cent ). The decision of going after the ISO 14001 certificate was based on the companys environmental commitment (43,5 per cent ), and according to 34,8 per cent of the answers, it was motivated by the attraction of new customers and markets (or at least retain access to customers and markets with EMS requirements) and to prevent pollution and conserve resources. After the certification, 82,6 per cent of the employees said that some significant changes were made inside the company, such as: enhance compliance and reduce/mitigate risks (95,7 per cent ); enhance awareness and involvement of the employee team (95,7 per cent ). You should note, however, that developing and implementing an EMS may have some difficulties. 52,2 per cent pointed out that the environmental education is the most difficult thing to achieve. The answers obtained with the working class show that they do know (47,5 per cent ) the meaning of ISO 14001. Once the system is implemented, it is possible to realize the most relevant benefits obtained through the certification, which are the environmental liability (43,5 per cent ); and enhance image with public, regulators, lenders, investors (21,7 per cent ). The ISO 14001 certification brings improvements in overall environmental performance and compliance. Conclusions: Although the EMS is not the solution for all environmental issues, it can result in both business and environmental benefits. The standard establishes a management framework by which an organizations\' impacts on the environment can be systematically identified and reduced.