Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur oro för klimatet påverkar konsumenters köpintentioner av återvunna kläder. På grund av pågående klimatförändringar måste populationen ändra sitt konsumtionsbeteende mot en mer miljömässigt hållbar strategi. Återvunna kläder ger ett mindre avtryck på klimatet eftersom det krävs mindre energi att producera och genererar mindre avfall. Tidigare forskning visar att män och kvinnor har olika köpintentioner när det kommer till miljömässigt hållbara kläder. Med utgångspunkt från tidigare forskningsfynd kommer denna studie även att undersöka om kön är en faktor som påverkar till vilken grad respondenterna oroar sig över klimatet. En kvantitativ datainsamlingsmetod används genom en webbenkät. Resultaten från en korrelations- och regressionsanalys visar att oro för klimatet påverkar köpintentionen av återvunna kläder. Resultatet visar även att kön bär en betydande roll i hur oroade respondenterna är över klimatet. Denna studie bekräftar teorin om planerat beteende och forskningen visar hur beteendemässiga övertygelser påverkar intentioner och därmed beteenden. / The purpose of this study is to investigate how environmental concerns affect consumers' purchase intentions of recycled clothing. Because of ongoing climate change, the population must change their consumption behavior towards a more sustainable approach. Recycled clothing has a smaller impact on the environment since less energy is needed in the production and it gives less waste. Previous research shows that men and women have different purchase intentions when it comes to sustainable clothing. Because of findings from previous research, this study will examine if gender is a factor that affects environmental concerns. A quantitative collection method is applied through an online survey. The result from a correlation- and regression analysis shows that environmental concern affects purchase intentions of recycled clothing. Findings from the study also included that gender plays a role in how concerned the respondents were for the environment. The study validates the theory of planned behavior model and the research displays how behavioral beliefs affect intentions and therefore behaviors.

This thesis analyses how elite athletes travel to/from sport events and which barriers prevent them from engaging in a more sustainable travel behaviour. For this purpose, unstructured interviews with elite athletes were conducted to gain an in-depth understanding about travel experiences and decision-making from elite athletes’ perspective. The sport of biathlon, which combines cross-country skiing with rifle shooting, was used as a case study. The analysis revealed that biathletes engage in frequent and extensive travelling, and that their most-used modes of transportation are road and air transportation. Travel arrangements were found to be usually taken care of by national federations and not by biathletes themselves. Moreover, the analysis demonstrated that while biathletes generally seem to be concerned about the environment, their environmental concern does not seem to translate into pro-environmental travel behaviour, which can be explained by the fact that sustainable transportation represents a high-cost situation. Furthermore, some barriers were found to prevent elite athletes from travelling more sustainably. The barriers are related to individuality (other priorities – performance), responsibility (not athletes’ responsibility) and practicality (national regulations regarding rifle transport in public transportation (PT)). However, many barriers were found to lie on a continuum between individuality and practicality. The most important of these barriers include travel time, equipment, exposure to other people or inconvenient PT system. Based on the findings, it was recommended to optimize schedules, which was found to be to be overall highly appreciated by biathletes. Some other recommendations include, for example, reservation of train compartments and/or special buses for biathletes and teams, communal equipment transportation between competition venues, vehicle provision at venues, or clear and updated information about regulations regarding rifle transport. These and other recommendations are believed to help biathletes to overcome some of their barriers and, thereby, encourage a more sustainable travel behaviour. Thereby, it is hoped that the knowledge gained in this thesis can help sport organizations and athletes to reduce the emissions from travelling to/from sport events. / <p>2024-01-19</p>

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Introduction: To reduce pollution from motorized private cars, a modal shift toward more sustainable modes, such as public transport, is desired. A first step to achieving this is the subscription to a public transport ticket. It was investigated if an extended version of the theory of planned behavior is suited to predict subscription to a public transport ticket, and if environmental concern—the channel through which many sustainable transport modes are advertised—plays a significant role. It was further examined if nudging serves as an effective measure in convincing employees to subscribe to the offered ticket. Nudges encourage desired behaviors by changing the information set that individuals face when taking decisions; in this paper, this includes favorable defaults and the manipulation of the social norm. Since nudges lack a coherent theory, it was tested if these nudges can be integrated into the aforementioned theory. Method: - By means of an online experiment, participants (N = 373) were randomly assigned to different nudging conditions or a control condition. The questionnaire mimicked a working contract, including the decision for or against a subscription to the ticket. - Results: Results of structural equation modeling revealed that the theory predicted the purchase decision well, yet the impact of environmental concern was surprisingly low. Most tickets were purchased in the default condition, but no nudge reached statistical significance. - Discussion and Conclusion: The limitations of nudging in the transport sector are discussed, along with the effectiveness of advertising public transport through an environmental lens.

This master thesis analyzes the influence of psychological barriers of consumers from Germany, Sweden, and Iran for using sustainable transportation modes. Climate change has started to change the way people travel. Yet prior research has shown that consumers from all over the world lack consistency between their behavioral intention and their actual behavior. In the case of traveling, this means that a significant number of consumers intends to use sustainable transportation modes, but fails to use them in the end. The reasons for this so-called intention-behavior gap in consumers' minds have been researched successfully and frequently in the past two decades. The novelty of this present thesis is the international comparison of travelers from three different countries and the explicit focus on voluntary travel. The according research questions are: RQ 1:  To what extent is there a gap between the intention and behavior of leisure travelers          regarding choosing sustainable transportation vehicles? RQ 2:  Which group of consumers (inclined abstainers or disinclined actors[1]) plays the bigger      role in creating this gap? RQ 3:  What are the determinants and barriers of using more sustainable transportation     vehicles in leisure transportation? RQ 4:  How is the sustainable behavior of leisure travelers in Sweden, Germany, and Iran            different? To answer the research questions, an online survey in Swedish (n1 = 130), German (n2 = 128), and Persian (n3 = 127) language was carried out ( ∑ n = 385) in April 2020 with a convenience sampling method and analyzed in May 2020. The results show that there is a slightly positive intention-behavior gap in the Swedish sample and a slightly negative intention-behavior gap in the Iranian sample. In the German sample, no significant intention-behavior gap has been found. Moreover, a higher level of environmental attitude, a higher level of environmental knowledge, a higher level of perceived effectiveness (of the consumers' own actions), and a higher level of social norms increases the intention of leisure travelers in Sweden, Germany, and Iran to use sustainable vehicles for leisure traveling - both for short and for long trips. The impact of perceived value and perceived price of sustainable transportation modes, as well as the impact of consumers' sustainable lifestyle on the on the travel intention are not supported in all three countries. Additionally, distance between origin and destination has been found to moderate the impact of determinants on intention. The moderating role of distance also varies in different countries. [1] See the literature review chapter for an explanation

Purpose: This research’s purpose is to test previous used factors that influence the green purchase intentions of apparel products on a not yet tested target group, young consumers in the Netherlands. The goal that goes with the purpose is to stimulate the sustainable apparel consumption in the Netherlands. Research design: To fulfill the purpose of this study, an online questionnaire has been distributed to young consumers in the Netherlands. A total of 400 valid respondents were collected through the convenience sampling- and snowball sampling method. With the valid respondents the multiple linear regression and hierarchical linear regression were conducted. Findings: The current study has found enough evidence to statistically prove that attitude, subjective norm, perceived environmental concern, a low aesthetic risk, and willingness to pay premium have a positive influence on the purchase intention. The study did not find enough evidence to statistically prove that perceived behavioral control, perceived environmental knowledge, and perceived consumer effectiveness have a positive influence on the purchase intention.

The thesis "Determinants of environmental concern" is a quantitative analysis that deals with determinants of environmental concern, the scale of new ecological paradigm, environmental behavior and ecological activism. It uses data from an international survey "International Social Survey Project Environment III" from year 2010. Strong predictors came out from the analysis, mainly cultural differences of the respondents and education. The inhabitants of Western Europe and English speaking countries have the strongest environmental concern, in contrast, in post communist countries of Eastern Europe is this concern the smallest. Post materialists and inhabitants of the richer countries have stronger environmental concern and they believe more in science and progress solving ecological problems. The perception of consequences of ecological problems on everyday life is also a strong determinant from which suffers mostly localities out of Europe. The recycling waste is most often carried away in Western Europe and English speaking countries. A strong correlation is between finished education and environmental concern as well as ecological activism, there is a weaker connection to saving natural resources.

Up to now, politics and societies from all over the world have sought an economy that is built on the idea of continual growth to establish a wealthy future and achieve societal prosperity. At the same time, people have neglected to consider that the resulting environmental pollution is the largest cause of disease and death in the world today. Therefore, it appears sensible to ensure that people’s well-being and nature’s well-being is uncoupled from profit-orientated aims. To break the circle of continual growth and the decreasing well-being of humans and nature, individual sustainability traits that are able to foster a transition to sustainable development need to be explicitly identified. Today’s young people will presumably face an even more severe level of consequences resulting from continual growth, which will reach far into the future, thereby affecting the living environment of future generations even more drastically. Therefore, this dissertation aims to answer the question of how young people possess and profit from their sustainability traits in terms of well-being. This work approaches this question by empirically investigating different interrelations between environmental values, the perception of environments (including the perception of naturalness and the perception of aesthetics), environmental concern and well-being in the context of young people. The empirical section is divided into three parts that investigate the different relationships step by step. These three parts are based on three different quantitative questionnaire surveys of young people in Germany. In the first survey (N = 229; Mage = 13.27 years, SD = 2.37 years), the relation between secondary school students’ human-nature relationship as a sustainability trait and their well-being was investigated. Analyses showed that the sustainability trait of human-nature relationships was significantly related to young people’s age-dependent well-being through nature perception in terms of naturalness and aesthetics as well as through individual nature connection. Young people were shown to profit from nature as resource for their own well-being. A positive human-nature relationship could be described as an important requirement for people to achieve sustainable development. In a second inquiry, university students (N = 237; Mage = 22.12 years, SD = 3.09 years) with a focus on the interrelations of sustainability traits that showed relations to people’s well-being in past research were surveyed. The results describe the interrelations between the specified sustainability traits of environmental values, a newly developed scale that theoretically and empirically validated affective nature connection, cognitive nature connection, and environmental concern. The findings indicate that the chosen sustainability traits mutually contribute to each other’s impact and do not preclude each other. Future research based on the results of the two described studies will likely show that sustainability traits are desirable characteristics and useful attributes that are available all over the world, no matter what a person’s age. As a final step, secondary school students’ environmental concern and well-being were quantitatively surveyed (N = 2173; Mage = 14.56 years, SD = 1.45 years) to analyze how environmental concern as a sustainability trait predicts young people’s well-being. The children’s and adolescents’ sustainability trait of environmental concern was able to predict young people’s well-being, with a clear dependence on age. The obtained outcomes supporting the aim to possess nature as a resource of well-being need to be considered in terms of young people’s age. Youth seem to experience sensitive periods of time in which the youth’s sustainability traits evidently act differently than in other stages of life. Hence it is important to point out that especially young people need age-appropriate treatment in terms of education for sustainable development to successfully foster young people’s sustainability traits. The main goal of this dissertation was to explore and identify in-depth insights into young people’s sustainability traits and their interrelations as well as the connections to young people’s well-being. As such interrelations between sustainability traits and well-being meet the aims of sustainable development as well as political and societal aims for a healthy future life environment for everyone which is expected of continual (economic) growth up to the present time, age-dependent education for sustainable development could address the need for young people to become progressive decision makers who create future-proof solutions for themselves and others, considering the constitution of a worthy life for present and future generations.

Denna uppsats undersökte vad som påverkade Malmö högskolas studenter i sina val av tåg- eller flygresor mellan Malmö och Stockholm. Uppsatsen föreslog fyra hypoteser som undersöktes maximering av fritid, ersättningsvaror, komfort samt miljöhänsyn. Data samlades in genom att utforma och dela ut en enkät till 248 elever som analyserades statistiskt. Miljöhänsyn visade sig ha mindre inflytande på valet av resesätt än de andra undersökta faktorerna, ett resultat i linje med tidigare forskning. Kostnaden visade sig vara den viktigaste faktorn. Tågresande var mer vanligt bland den undersökta populationen än i den svenska befolkningen. Resultaten var associerade med osäkerhet eftersom populationen var troliga att ändra resesätt efter avslutade studier. Syftet med uppsatsen var att göra en initial mätning av ovanstående variabler som kan användas i framtida studier med fokus på generationsskifte. / This thesis investigated what influenced student at Malmö Högskola in their choice of train or plane travel between Malmö and Stockholm. The thesis proposed four hypotheses that were investigated: maximization of leisure time, substitute goods, comfort and environmental concern. Data was collected by manufacturing and distributing a questionnaire to 248 students which was analyzed statistically. Environmental concern was found to have less of an influence on the choice of travel means than the other investigated factors, a result consistent with previous research. Cost was found to be the most important factor. Train travel was more common among the sampled population than in the Swedish population. The results were associated with some uncertainty as the population was likely to change their choice of travel means after graduation. The thesis aimed to carry out an initial measurement of the above variables to allow the resulting material to be used in future studies with a generational replacement approach.