Submitted by Mariana Dornelles Vargas (marianadv) on 2015-05-26T12:45:33Z No. of bitstreams: 1 reflexoes_sobre.pdf: 1831752 bytes, checksum: e1701468cc26e0bdc5d0d52ff5acc121 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-26T12:45:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 reflexoes_sobre.pdf: 1831752 bytes, checksum: e1701468cc26e0bdc5d0d52ff5acc121 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Nenhuma / A água é nosso tema e para abordá-lo utilizamos como base a pesquisa de opinião "O Olhar Gaúcho Sobre a Água", realizada pela Secretaria de Estado da Saúde do Rio Grande do Sul por meio do Centro Estadual de Vigilância em Saúde. Como metodologia de análise foram utilizados procedimentos de estatística descritiva e multivariada. A análise de dados visa a responder algumas questões do uso da água para consumo humano nas atividades de higiene pessoal e em tarefas domiciliares, buscando averiguar a opinião da população gaúcha em relação ao uso da água para consumo humano, estabelecendo sua correlação com o meio ambiente e reflexividade visando a: traçar o perfil, presente nas respostas, das pessoas e de suas atitudes no uso cotidiano da água; aprofundar a discussão sobre precaução, sociedade de risco e reflexividade; verificar o nível de conhecimento da população com relação a fatores de risco ambiental; propor diretrizes para o planejamento de ações do poder público em relação ao consumo da água. As reflexões se deram sob a ótica da: sociologia ambiental definida por Buttel (2000, 2001, 2002) trabalhando com os conceitos de Habitus e Campo, de Bourdieu (1983 a, b, 1990, 1993, 1996, 1998), para entender as relações entre representações e realidade social do uso cotidiano da água para consumo humano; Reflexividade Social, Sociedade de Risco, de Giddens (1991, 1995, 2000) e Beck (1995, 1998, 2002), buscando estabelecer se a reflexividade da população e a consciência da do risco ligado a falta de água para consumo condiz com sua utilização cotidiana; Precaução, conforme proposto na Conferência Rio 92 - Conferência das Nações Unidas sobre Ambiente e Desenvolvimento Sustentável --, para a proposição de medidas passíveis de adoção no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, com o objetivo de conscientizar a população sobre o uso cotidiano da água. Na análise dos dados, é evidenciado que: a maior parte da população está satisfeita com a qualidade da água que consome; receia-se pela descontinuidade do abastecimento; há desconhecimento em relação à legislação que garante a informação, o acesso e a qualidade da água para o consumo humano; e existe a consciência da necessidade da preservação dos recursos hídricos, tendo em vista as gerações futuras e a disponibilidade de água potável no planeta. A análise de dados também apresenta uma relação dicotômica entre o uso cotidiano da água e a consciência de sua preservação. / Water is the subject of this dissertation and in order to approach it we use a survey called "Rio Grande do Sul Population's View About Water" which as carried out by Health Bureau of the State of Rio Grande do Sul and the Center of Health Vigilance from the State of Rio Grande do Sul. It was used descriptive and multivariate statistics proceedings. The data analysis aims to answer questions about the use of water for human being consume in hygiene activities and in home activities in order to find out Rio Grande do Sul population's opinion about the use of water for human being consume. The aim of this paper is to establish a relation among these opinion and the environment and the reflexivity in order to: 1) build a profile of people and their attitude to the daily use of water; 2) make deeper the discusion about precaution, risk society and reflexivity; 3) verify the Rio Grande do Sul population's knowledge about the environmental risk factors; 4) propuse guidelines for planning State actions about consume of water. The reflections are given from the perspective of: 1) Environmental Sociology defined by Buttel (2000, 2001, 2002); 2) the concepts of Habitus and Fields from Bordieu (1983a, b, 1990, 1993, 1996, 1998) in order to understand the relations between representation and social reality of the human being daily use of water; 3) Social Reflexivity, Risk Society from Giddens (1991, 1995, 2000) and Beck (1995, 1998, 2000) to find out if the population reflexivity and the sense of risk related to the lack of water consume match with the daily use; 4) Precaution, in agreement with the idea proposed at Rio+20 - United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development - in order to propose guidelines to be adopted in the State of Rio Grande do Sul to become the population conscious about the daily use of water. The data analysis indicates that most population is satisfied with the quality of water, that most population fears a lack in water supply, that population doesn't know the law about information, access and quality of water; and that population is conscious about preservation of water resources considering future generations and water availability in the earth. The data analysis also indicates a dichotomous relation between the daily use of water and the consciousness of water preservation.

Neste trabalho, foi analisada a influência do conhecimento tradicional da pesca na formulação de políticas públicas do setor no Brasil partindo-se do caso da pesca artesanal no trecho mineiro do rio São Francisco. Para tanto, fez-se uma análise sociológica da organização social da pesca por meio de seus processos, suas formas de interações e suas sínteses, em uma perspectiva micro e macrossociológica, visando identificar como o processo de institucionalização da pesca considera o fazer artesanal - cultura, técnicas e práticas sociais - no escopo das políticas formuladas pelo setor. Em termos institucionais foram discriminados os conflitos e incongruências do projeto de modernização da pesca oriundos do Plano Nacional de Desenvolvimento de Sustentação da Aqüicultura e Pesca da SEAP/PR. Em termos sociais, no que concerne ao modo de vida da pesca artesanal, foram discriminadas as principais características sócio-ambientais que circundam e interagem com o pescador, observando a relação entre a lógica de mercantilização recente do uso das águas doces no Brasil e a evolução das condições de vida e trabalho da categoria entre 1999 e 2004, apontando para uma provável extinção da mesma. O estudo conclui a existência de grande distância entre o discurso e a prática das políticas anunciadas pela SEAP/PR em 2003 e como o projeto de modernização citado reverbera no modo de vida da pesca artesanal do alto-médio São Francisco. / In this work, the influence of the traditional knowledge of fishing on the formulation of public policies on this section in Brazil was analyzed by proceeding with the case of handmade fishing at the section of Minas Gerais of São Francisco river. For that, a sociological analysis of the social organization of the fishing was made by its processes, its forms of interactions, and its syntheses in a micro and macro-sociological perspective, by seeking to identify how the process of institutionalization of the fishing considers the handmade performance - culture, techniques and social practices - in the purpose of the formulated policies on such section. On institutional terms, the conflicts and the incongruities of the project of modernization of fishing derived from the national plan of development of sustenance of the acquiculture and the fishing of the SEAP/PR were discriminated. On social terms, concerning the way of life of handmade fishing, the main socio-environmental characteristics that surround and interact with the fisherman were distinguished by observing the relationship between the logic of the recent mercantilization of the use of fresh water in Brazil and the evolution of the life and work conditions of such category between 1999 and 2004, that points to a probable extinction of it. The study concluded the existence of great distance between the speech and the practice of the announced policies by the SEAP/PR in 2003, and how the cited project of modernization reverberates through the way of life of fishing of high-medium São Francisco.

Since 1984, public service occupations in New Zealand have been subordinated to the over-determined bureaucratic structures of contemporary managerialism. The reactions of front-line public servants to New Management’s unfamiliar ‘market-place’ imperatives and the concomitant loss of occupational autonomy have received very little rigorous qualitative analysis. This study addresses that shortfall, taking as its cue a key question in the sociology of ‘profession’—what arouses or subdues the inclination of bureaucratised occupations to professionalise as a means of reclaiming autonomy? It explains the nature and meaning of strategies adopted by front-line practitioners in New Zealand’s Department of Conservation (DOC) to defend their marginalised work conventions and collegial culture. Symbolic interactionist analysis shows that profoundly personal values and beliefs connect vocationally motivated practitioners with their ‘mission’ (to conserve natural and cultural heritage). These powerful intuitive connections play a crucial role in subduing interest in resistance and organised strategic action, principally by converting conservation labour into the pursuit of personal fulfilment. Practitioners respond to managerial intrusions on their core work (the source of their fulfilment) by defending these personal connections rather than group interests. As a result of this introversion, perceptions of ‘community’ and occupational identity are disorganised and become a further reason for inaction. Practitioners resolve the conflict between self-interested pursuit of fulfilment and the altruistic goals of conservation by negotiating an unspoken bargain with DOC’s authority structures. The ‘pay-offs’ for deferral to managerial authority win the space to pursue fulfilment through immersion and conspicuous achievement in work, obviating the need for more concerted defensive action. Accordingly, managerialism has not acted as a professionalising catalyst for this group. NB: The abstract has been revised by the author in the electronic version of this thesis, since the print edition was published.

This study explores issues arising from the adoption of the term 'clean and green' for marketing New Zealand dairy products. Three dimensions of environmental quality were investigated: that of sustainable dairying and best practice for the benefit of farmers and the industry; resource management legislation and being a 'good neighbour'; and export marketing opportunities and issues. The study was undertaken during a time of major structural upheaval in the dairy industry, including yearly company amalgamations in the study area, rapid conversion of farmland to dairying, as well as factory expansion to process the increasing supply of product. The focus of the study was on the individual farmer, how perceptions and preferences are formed, and how in turn, these influence farm practice. World views drawn from Cultural Theory were adopted as the basis for analysis. Farmers were classified according to particular world views and the symbolic and reflexive use of concepts such as 'clean and green' was analysed. A model of overlapping ecological, agricultural and social systems was used to develop a wider understanding of preference formation. Through a mixed methodology, focusing on a case study approach, farmer and stakeholder world views were compared on key themes, including the 'clean green' pastoral myth, 'cues for care' and environmental issues. Media discourse as well as consumer views were used to expand understanding of the context. The study found that both farmers (within their groups) and stakeholders held different objectives and opinions on environmental issues and options for change, based on their various world views and preferences. There was general agreement both among farmers and stakeholders on the New Zealand 'clean green' image and 'cues for care', or signs that indicate good farm management. The reason for this was demonstrated to be the way in which these two aspects are communicated; through symbolic images that each individual perceived in terms of their respective world view. A symbolic form of action, an environmental management system, was trialled with farmers. Analysis indicated that national aspirations created by the 'clean green' pastoral myth required farmers to respond to environmental expectations, but that an image that symbolized environment as care and quality, rather than as place was needed to provide a less ambiguous goal. The findings of the trial were integrated with theory to interpret context and develop policy, strategy and action proposals for a system for environmental quality for the industry. The study has implications for non-regulatory mechanisms relevant to sustainable dairy farming, communication within the rural community, and branding.

This project has sought to answer the question 'How is landscape made?’ by examining the landscape of the Otago Peninsula on the east coast of the South Island of Aotearoa/New Zealand. By taking a social constructionist approach, an in depth case study has been completed using ethnographic methods combined with discourse analysis. The theoretical framework adopted led to the research question being refined and divided into two parts. The first seeks to determine the discourses that construct the landscape of the Otago Peninsula. Those identified include discourses of Mana Whenua, agriculture, environmentalism, gardening, heritage, neo-liberalism and the picturesque. These discourses interact and resist one another through networks of power. Thus the second part of the research question seeks to understand these networks and the distributions of power through them. The agricultural discourse is the most powerful, albeit under strong challenge from the environmental discourse and from the impacts of neo-liberalism. Mana Whenua discourses have gained significant power in recent decades, but their influence is tenuous. The picturesque discourse has significant power and has been utilised as a key tool in District planning in the area. Thus, the landscape is seen to be made by the dynamic interactions of discourses. This has two consequences, the first, an emphasising of the dynamism of the landscape - it is a process which is under constant flux as a consequence of both the human interactions with and within it, and the biophysical processes which continue outside of human ken. The second consequence is to stress that the landscape is not a unitary object and that this needs to be recognised in the formulation of policy and landscape management.

The main objective of my dissertation is to analyze and compare the socio-ecological implications of the adoption of genetically modified (GM) seeds and alternative agroecological farming methods for farming communities in Alberta, Canada and Andhra Pradesh, India localities situated in contrasting geopolitical, socio-cultural, and structural-institutional contexts in the global economy. For this research, the adoption of GM canola in Alberta and GM cotton in Andhra Pradesh are used as comparative case studies to explore the qualitative impact of agricultural biotechnology on farming communities. Many studies have examined the potential impact of GM crops, but few have looked beyond economic cost-benefit analysis. In this dissertation, I examine social and cultural aspects of farmer decision-making in the adoption of the new seed technology, farmer receptivity to new cropping methods, knowledge translation between laboratory and farmer, and the impact of global knowledge-based technology on local knowledge systems, socio-cultural practices, the nature-society relationship, and gender relations. I use a global ethnography methodology and draw on a series of field interviews with farmers to provide sociological insight into how global processes of the Gene Revolution impact different farming communities in different localities in the world-economy. In this dissertation I argue that the debate about the new agricultural technologies (e.g. GM seeds), the environment and agrarian crises should not be narrowed to the question of new technologies per se. Rather it should be understood from an agrarian political ecology perspective articulating political economy (neoliberal governance at global, national and provincial levels, and the processes of dispossession of primary agricultural producers from their means and conditions of production), socio-cultural systems (the construction of hegemonic discourse about genetically modified organisms, agricultural deskilling, gender relations), and ecosystems (a process of mastering nature, monoculturization, environmental risks, metabolic rift) in the context of neoliberal globalization. My fieldwork study of the Gene Revolution provides closer, more fine-grained research and analysis of its impacts with sensitivity to local class and status, gender and cultural issues, and the ways in which farmers technology adoption decisions can dramatically alter overall quality of life, local knowledge systems, community development, the sustainability of agriculture and the ecosystem itself.

This thesis is a study of constructions of reality in visual and textual representations in current exhibitions in the Swedish Museum of Natural History in Stockholm with comparisons to the Natural History Museum in Gothenburg and minor excursions to other museums. The study also includes seven giant screen films in Cosmonova: an IMAX theatre which is part of the Swedish Museum of Natural History. The study consists of three parts: I. Historical and theoretical contextualisation: The emergence of museums is understood as an aspect of modernity and nature, and analytical concepts from semiotics, deconstruction and discourse analysis are presented and discussed. This part also includes a discussion of anthropomorphism and andropocentric stereotyping and a study of the emergence of the environmental question in society, science, museums and in the disciplines of sociology and cultural studies. II. Empirical analysis: Starting with questions what stories modern exhibitions in museums of natural history tell and how animals, bodies, humans and the environment are represented in the exhibitions and films I discuss different aspects of the dualism of nature and culture in relation to other dualisms such as animal/human, nature/society and ecology/economy. The dualism nature/culture that is expressed in exclusions of conventional signs for human culture is problematic from an environmental perspective. I pose the question of whether or not the marginalized phenomenon of the cabinet of curiosity that combine both “naturalia” and “artificialia” and displays phenomena classified as abnormal, can provide a key to narratives about co-evolution, environmental issues and variations in morphology and behaviour. III. Discussion: The potential for transcending the dualism of nature and culture, both theoretically-and practically-speaking, and particularly in relation to the environmental question, is discussed, as is the possibility that museums can be(come) reflexive sub-political arenas for dialogues between politics, science and people.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:39:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 5638.pdf: 3863541 bytes, checksum: 74ed5556a4774ead28ebb806dd347636 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-11-25 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / Reports from IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) call attention to the possibility of water shortages, to the collapse of the Amazon system, to the biodiversity crisis, and to the proliferation of extreme weather events. Anthony Giddens, British sociologist formulator of the theory of structuration, elaborates an analytical category appointing precisely the lack of concrete actions related to this environmental issue in the policy and in the daily practices. According to him, when practical measures for protecting the environment are put into practice, there will not be enough time to reverse the environmental collapse, setting the self-styled Giddens‟s Paradox. Such point of view of environmental question transforms in normative, abstract and universal, leaving to conceive it as eminently contextual - result of the interaction between individuals, groups and institutions. Precisely so it this research takes this analytical category as a starting point for a relational approach of environmental issues through his own theory of structuration. So, the environment and the nature are now considered as structural principles: as rules and resources mobilized in the reproduction and transformation of social life and, therefore, as objects of appointment disputes and discursive resignifications. In order to analyze sociologically the relational aspect the environmental issue through a qualitative research - theoretically and methodologically linked to the theory of structuration the county of Brotas (São Paulo/Brazil) was established as case study. Are used as research methods: semi-structured interviews, snowball technique, documental survey, photo documentation and socioeconomic questionnaire. This particular location shows a convergence between the multiple conceptions of the environmental issue, the professionalization of ecotourism and of the discursive resignification of the rural areas, allowing the visualization of multiple cognitive perceptions of the environmental issue. The critical debate from Giddens enabled the analysis of four social processes of resignification in the Brotas county: a) The Jacaré-Pepira River; b) From the "hole" to the tourist attraction; c) From Radical to Disneyland; and d) The Estrada do Patrimônio . In summary, the trajectory of the dissertation seeks to discuss sociologically that the environmental issue does not arise in everyday life in a universal and normative form, but eminently as cognitive perception linked to the complexity of knowingness agents. / Relatórios do IPCC (Painel Intergovernamental sobre as Mudanças Climáticas) alertam para a possibilidade de escassez de recursos hídricos, de colapso do sistema amazônico, de crise da biodiversidade, e de proliferação de eventos climáticos extremos. Anthony Giddens, sociólogo britânico formulador da teoria da estruturação, elabora uma categoria analítica que nomeia justamente a ausência de ações concretas em relação a essa questão ambiental nas práticas políticas e cotidianas. Segundo ele, quando medidas práticas de proteção ao meio ambiente forem postas em práticas, não haverá mais tempo suficiente de reverter o quadro de colapso ambiental, configurando o autodenominado Paradoxo de Giddens. Tal perspectiva da questão ambiental acaba por torná-la normativa, abstrata e universal, deixando de concebê-la como eminentemente contextual - fruto da interação entre indivíduos, grupos e instituições. Justamente por isso a pesquisa toma essa categoria analítica como ponto de partida para uma abordagem relacional da questão ambiental através da própria teoria da estruturação. Assim, meio ambiente e natureza passam a ser considerados como princípios estruturais: como regras e recursos mobilizados na reprodução e transformação da vida social e, portanto, como objetos de disputas de nomeação e de ressignificação discursiva. Para analisar sociologicamente o aspecto relacional da questão ambiental através de uma pesquisa qualitativa - teórica e metodologicamente vinculada à teoria da estruturação - estabeleceu-se o município de Brotas-SP como estudo de caso. São utilizados como métodos de pesquisa: entrevistas semiestruturadas, técnica de bola de neve, levantamento documental, fotodocumentação e questionário socioeconômico. Tal localidade específica apresenta uma convergência entre as múltiplas concepções da questão ambiental, a profissionalização do ecoturismo e a ressignificação discursiva do próprio espaço rural, possibilitando a observação de múltiplas percepções cognitivas da questão ambiental. O debate crítico a partir de Giddens permitiu a análise de quatro processos sociais de ressignificação no município de Brotas: a) O Rio Jacaré-Pepira; b) Do buraco ao atrativo turístico; c) Do Radical à Disneylândia e d) A Estrada do Patrimônio. Em síntese, a trajetória da dissertação procura debater sociologicamente que a questão ambiental não emerge na vida cotidiana de forma universal e normativa, mas eminentemente como percepção cognitiva vinculada à complexidade da cognoscência dos agentes.

Au cours des années 2000, les gouvernements britanniques néo-travaillistes de Tony Blair et Gordon Brown ont porté un projet de politique publique appelé «Carte carbone», consistant à instaurer des quotas individuels d’émissions pour les particuliers. Ce projet avait initialement été formulé en 1996 par des chercheurs écologistes qui, en s’inspirant des politiques de rationnement passées, ont contribué à faire émerger un nouveau référentiel d’action publique structuré par l’idée de la finitude du monde. La mise à l’agenda de ce projet par les néo-travaillistes a cependant été suivie d’un travail de réinterprétation des limites environnementales, tendant à mettre à distance l’idée de finitude pour mieux concilier la carte carbone avec le référentiel environnementaliste de la modernisation écologique. Ce travail d’interprétation s’est doublé d’un processus d’aménagement des limites environnementales, encore éloignées par la rencontre du macrosystème énergétique avec les instruments du nouveau management public. Au terme de ce processus, le report sine die de la carte carbone témoigne d’une nouvelle relégation des limites environnementales aux marges de l’action publique. L’étude sociologique de la trajectoire institutionnelle de ce projet d’action publique vise à nourrir une réflexion plus théorique sur les difficultés d’émergence d’un référentiel de la finitude au temps de la crise écologique globale. À la lumière des travaux de la sociologie environnementale, il s’agira de montrer comment les réflexions politiques sur le rationnement participent à la recherche d’autres modalités de gouvernement dans un monde fini. / During the 2000s, the British New Labour governments of Tony Blair and Gordon Brown have contemplated implementing a public policy called “Carbon card”, which consisted of allocating tradable emission rights to individuals. This project had originally been formulated in 1996 by green researchers who, drawing on past rationing policies, have contributed with this Carbon card to the emergence of a new public policy “référentiel” structured by the idea of ecological finiteness. Once agenda status was attained, however, this project was subjected to a reinterpretation of its environmental limits frame, that tended to relegate the idea of finitude, in an attempt to better conciliate the Carbon card with the ecological modernisation référentiel. This interpretation was coupled with a technical softening of environmental limits, still more relativized by the junction operated between the energy macrosystem and New Public Management-inspired policy instruments. At the outcome of this process, the indefinite postponement of the Carbon card reveals a renewed relegation of environmental limits to the margins of public action. The sociological study of the Carbon card’s institutional trajectory aims at feeding into a theoretical analysis of the obstacles to the emergence of a finitude référentiel, in a time of global ecological crisis. Drawing from environmental sociology, this work aims at showing that public policy research on rationing might contribute to investigating different ways of governing for a finite world.