Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2009. / Title from first page of PDF file (viewed January 12, 2010). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 680-736).

This dissertation clarifies ethnoarchaeology's role in post-positivist epistemology through both a critical re-examination of ethnoarchaeology's position within archaeology and a study of household vessel exchange and consumption in the Inland Niger Delta of Mali. I argue that ethnoarchaeology meets its epistemic raison d'etre by achieving theoretical independence from archaeology's general theories. Independence is "built-in" to ethnoarchaeological study by focusing explicitly on the way material culture is used in daily practice; in particular, by re-embedding material culture in the "modern" contexts where it is used. Ceramic exchange in the Inland Niger Delta can not be understood apart from either the exchange and consumption of other industrial household vessels or the political economies women experience within patrilineal households. Household vessels are distinctly women's tools in the Delta and their consumption is an intimate part of the way women resist exploitation and the appropriation of their wealth within household political economies. The different roles vessels play are manifest in the distances these objects travel during consumption and are also materialized by their location within house compounds. Enamel vessels are used in displays of social and economic capital related to marriage that insulate women from exploitation; aluminum vessels are expensive items bought as part of marriage trousseaus; and plastics are relatively low value items given as small gifts or bought in local markets to insulate small amounts of wealth from appropriation. Pottery is relatively marginal within household economies; yet, potters rely on the income ceramic production creates. Thus, potters use extensive marketing strategies to sell their wares to a relatively disinterested clientele in order to meet their own obligations within patrilineal households and to buy the other types of household vessels that they desire. The findings of thi

Thesis (Kandidatspeciale / MA)--Institute of Anthropology, University of Copenhagen. / Title from screen page; viewed 25 July 2005. Includes bibliographical references. Also available in print format.

Esta dissertação apresenta o estudo arqueológico e etnoarqueológico dos conjuntos cerâmicos provenientes de sítios arqueológicos históricos - Tacaimbó 1 e Tacaimbó 2 - e dos conjuntos cerâmicos etnográficos produzidos em comunidades locais, ambos do Agreste Central Pernambucano. Adotando uma abordagem etnoarqueológica para a análise de sítios arqueológicos históricos, através de perspectivas descolonizadas e multivocais, discutimos o papel do arqueólogo na valorização dos conhecimentos tradicionais. Esta valorização é fundamental para a construção das identidades locais e para a elaboração de narrativas históricas alternativas que incluam estas populações historicamente marginalizadas. Concluindo, a partir da análise tecnológica dos conjuntos cerâmicos arqueológicos e etnográficos elaboramos uma matriz de correlatos para artefatos cerâmicos de produção local/regional, contribuindo para a caracterização dos mesmos e para as discussões arqueológicas sobre variabilidade artefatual. / This dissertation is resulted from an archaeological and ethnoarchaeological research study of pottery sets from historical archaeological sites - Tacaimbó 1 and Tacaimbó 2 - and of ethnographic pottery sets produced on local communities, both from Agreste Central region (Pernambuco state, Brazilian Northeast). Using an ethnoarchaeological approach for the historical archaeological sites analysis, and the decolonized and multivocal perspectives, the role of the archaeologist on traditional knowledge valuation was discussed. This valuation is a fundamental aspect for the local identities construction and formulation of an alternative historical narrative, which include these historically marginalized populations. In conclusion, from the technological analysis of archaeological and ethnographic pottery sets, a matrix of correlates for local and regional production of pottery artifacts was proposed, contributing to its characterization and for the archaeological discussions of artefactual variability

Baseado nas pesquisas arqueológicas e etnoarqueológicas em curso na Terra Indígena Lalima, formada por índios Guaikuru, Terena, Kinikinao e Laiana, em Miranda/MS, no Pantanal, esta tese proporciona outra perspectiva histórica e cultural sobre os registros arqueológicos formados majoritariamente por fragmentos de vasilhas cerâmicas classificados na Fase Jacadigo da Tradição Pantanal. Inicialmente, a Fase Jacadigo foi associada aos indígenas Mbaya-Guaikuru, categorizados como pastores, que se estabeleceram territorialmente na região de Corumbá/MS no período colonial. Sem embargo, as investigações arqueológicas em Lalima - pautadas por atividades de levantamento arqueológico, coleta de materiais em superfície e subsuperfície, datações arqueológicas, análises dos materiais, principalmente cerâmicos, e informações etnográficas de caráter etno-histórico - indicam que a Fase Jacadigo pode estar associada a trajetórias históricas de formação territorial entre os períodos pré-histórico e colonial, por povos indígenas portadores de subsistência mista, conhecedores de técnicas de cultivo, e, porventura, originados, assim como a configuração etnográfica atual, através da interação cultural entre populações chaquenhas e Arawak. / Based on archaeological and ethnoarchaeological ongoing research in Lalima Indigenous Land, formed by Guaikuru, Terena, Kinikinao and Laiana Indians, in Miranda/MS, Pantanal, this thesis provides another historical and cultural perspective on the archaeological record formed mainly by potsherds ranked in Jacadigo Phase of the Pantanal Tradition. Initially, the Jacadigo Phase was associated with Mbaya-Guaikuru Indians, categorized as pastors, who territorially settled in the region of Corumbá/MS in the colonial period. Nevertheless, the archaeological investigations in Lalima - guided by the archaeological survey activities, collection of materials in surface and subsurface, radiocarbon dating, analyzes of materials, mainly potsherds, and ethnographic information of ethno-historical character - indicate that Jacadigo Phase may be associated with historical trajectories of territorial formation between prehistoric and colonial periods, by indigenous peoples who carried mixed subsistence, knowledgeable cultivation techniques, and perhaps originated, as well as the current ethnographic setting, through cultural interaction between Chacoan and Arawak populations.

A partir de uma perspectiva etnoarqueológica esta dissertação apresenta um conjunto de dados históricos, etnográficos e arqueológicos com o objetivo de contribuir para a construção da história indígena do baixo curso do rio Teles Pires, compreendendo a atual Terra Indígena Kaiabi, localizada nos municípios de Jacareacanga (PA) e Apiacas (MT). Os resultados apresentados demonstram que esta Terra Indígena configura-se como um exemplo de palimpsesto da trajetória de ocupação indígena e não-indígena desta região. A ocupação pré-colonial é atestada a partir dos vestígios arqueológicos (cerâmicos e líticos) em trinta e quatro locais visitados, dentre os quais, pelo menos vinte e cinco estão associados ao contexto das terras pretas na Amazônia. Os Kaiabi, que - historicamente habitavam o Vale do Médio Teles Pires no Mato Grosso - ao serem pressionados pelos processos de colonização do Brasil Central, se deslocam e passam a ocupar o baixo Teles Pires, no início do século XX. A ocupação Kaiabi se deu de forma a priorizar as áreas já manejadas no passado. Os dados apresentados procuram evidenciar os processos de ocupação, reocupação e abandono empreendidos pelos Kaiabi ao longo da história de formação de um território que hoje reivindicam como deles. / Beginning from an ethnoarchaeological perspective this thesis presents historical, ethnographic, and archaeological data that contributes to the construction of an indigenous history of the Kaiabi. The region studied is the lower course of the Teles Pires River that covers the actual Kaiabi Indigenous Territory, located within the Jacareacanga and Apiacás counties in Pará and Mato Grosso states, respectively. The results demonstrate that this Indigenous Territory configures itself as a case of the palimpsest of the trajectories of indigenous and non-indigenous occupations of this region. The pre-Colonial occupation is evidenced to by the archaeological remains (ceramics and lithics) at 34 visited sites, within these at least 25 are associated with Amazonian dark earths (terras pretas). The Kaiabi, who historically inhabited the middle Teles Pires river basin in Mato Grosso state, moved and began to occupy the lower portion of the Teles Pires when pressured by colonial processes in central Brazil at the beginning of the twentieth century. The Kaiabi occupation organized itself with priority given to areas that were previously managed. The data presented here show how the processes of occupation, reoccupation, and abandonment practiced by the Kaiabi in the formation of territory historically serve as a marker of continuity in the modern world, thus vindicating their rights.

Este estudo realiza uma articulação entre o registro arqueológico das ditas 'tradições ceramistas planálticas' do sul do Brasil (Taquara, Itararé e Casa de Pedra), as quais considero Proto-Jê meridionais, e os registros etnográfico, etno-histórico e lingüístico das sociedades Jê meridionais (Kaingang e Xokleng), para tornar possível uma mais profunda e sofisticada compreensão destas populações Proto-Jê do sul. O registro arqueológico deixado por estes grupos foi analisado do ponto de vista de sua dimensão simbólica, principalmente quando ele podia ser identificado como parte de um sistema de representações visuais (grafismos). Assim, foi empreendida uma etnoarqueologia dos grafismos Kaingang, articulando-se os registros arqueológico, etnográfico, etno-histórico e lingüístico a partir de uma abordagem cognitiva, que privilegia e interpreta a produção de significados pelas populações Proto-Jê meridionais, principalmente suas representações sobre a vida em sociedade, sobre os domínios da natureza, da sobrenatureza, e sobre a morte, tendo como base estudos etnológicos a respeito da sociedade Kaingang. / This study establishes a relation between archaeological record of the so called 'local ceramic traditions' of the south of Brazil (Taquara, Itararé and Casa de Pedra), which I consider as southern Proto-Jê, and ethnographical, ethnohistorical, and linguistic records of southern Jê societies (Kaingang and Xokleng) aiming at a deeper and more sophisticated understanding of those southern Proto-Jê populations. Archaeological record left by those groups were analysed from the standpoint of their symbolic dimension mainly when it could be identified as part of a system of visual representations (graphic representations). Thus, an ethnoarchaeology of Kaingang graphic representations was undertaken in which the archaeological, ethnographical, ethnohistorical and linguistic records were related by mean of a cognitive approach which favours and interprets the production of meanings by southern Proto-Jê populations, especially their representations about social life, about natural and supernatural domains, and about death, based on ethnological studies of Kaingang society.

Submitted by Simone Maisonave (simonemaisonave@hotmail.com) on 2014-09-17T17:29:54Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Paulo David Porto Fabres Teixeira_Dissertacao.pdf: 2014068 bytes, checksum: 8227e37de7c2bc1d8effc536559a1bfb (MD5) license_rdf: 19874 bytes, checksum: 38cb62ef53e6f513db2fb7e337df6485 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-09-17T17:29:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Paulo David Porto Fabres Teixeira_Dissertacao.pdf: 2014068 bytes, checksum: 8227e37de7c2bc1d8effc536559a1bfb (MD5) license_rdf: 19874 bytes, checksum: 38cb62ef53e6f513db2fb7e337df6485 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-04-30 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul - FAPERGS / Desde seus períodos iniciais a arqueologia estabeleceu relações entre as populações nativas vivas e os grupos do passado. Ao longo dos séculos, diferentes paradigmas geraram diferentes concepções sobre os indígenas. De um passado vinculado aos processos coloniais e pressupostos evolucionistas, a arqueologia passou a desenvolver uma aproximação mais intensa com as populações indígenas após a década de 80. Essa mudança de abordagem resultou em uma abertura para a participação ativa de grupos indígenas na prática arqueológica. No Brasil, os reflexos dessa tendência surgiram na mesma década. Gradualmente a ruptura entre as populações ameríndias atuais e os grupos do passado foi sendo desconstruída. A etnoarqueologia Guarani passou a ser uma fonte importante para o estudo dos grupos pré-coloniais, entretanto, as potencialidades e as limitações dessa abordagem ainda carecem de estudos. A presente pesquisa se dispõe a contribuir com esse movimento, buscando reconhecer a visão dos Mbyá-Guarani sobre as informações acerca do seu passado geradas no meio acadêmico. E a partir disso compreender aspectos sobre a relação entre os Guarani do passado (estudados pela arqueologia) e os Mbyá-Guarani atuais (abordados pela etnologia). Essa abordagem etnoarqueologica contou com a participação das comunidades Mbyá-Guarani relacionadas com a região de Pelotas. / Since its early periods archeology has established relations between the living native populations and the groups of the past. Over the centuries different paradigms had generated different conceptions about the indigenous. Coming from a past linked to colonial processes and evolutionary assumptions archeology began to develop a more intense approach with indigenous people after the 80s. This shift in approach has paved the way for the active participation of indigenous groups in archaeological practice. In Brazil the consequences of this trend emerged in the same decade. Gradually the rupture between the current amerindian population groups and the past ones was deconstructed. The Guarani ethnoarchaeology became an important source of tools when studying the pre-colonial groups, however, the potentialies and limitations of this approach still lack studies. This research sets out to contribute to this movement. We seek to acknowledge the Mbyá-Guarani's point of view about their academically generated past information and, from that acknowledgment, to understand aspects of the relationship among the past Guarani studied by archeology and current Mbyá-Guarani covered in ethnology. This ethnoarchaeological approach has counted with the participation of Pelotas area related Mbyá-Guarani communities.

Les perles, petites masses percées de part en part destinées à être enfilées pour servir en particulier d’ornement, sont une des catégories d’objets les plus fréquemment observées dans les fouilles archéologiques en Afrique. Elles sont aussi présentes dans nombre d’objets perlés actuels ou récents, tels que les colliers, les coiffes, les vêtements, les instruments de danse ou même le mobilier. Employées dans les arts de cour comme dans les formes plus populaires, montées par enfilage simple ou incluses dans des broderies et des tissages, les perles sont omniprésentes dans l’existence d’un Africain, au point d’être considérées comme un des marqueurs d’africanité. Durant la période du commerce triangulaire, elles étaient une des marchandises européennes les plus prisées et ont été une des contreparties les plus courantes dans l’achat d’esclaves. L’objectif de cette thèse est de comprendre les raisons qui ont abouti à un tel engouement pour ces éléments, à travers l’étude des usages et des symboliques des perles du Cameroun, pays surnommé « l’Afrique en miniature ». Au cours de cette recherche, seront évoquées les « pierres d’aigris » ou « accory », perles bleues produites localement et constituées d’une matière mystérieuse, particulièrement recherchées dans le Golfe de Guinée durant les temps modernes (XVe- XVIIIe siècles). / Beads, beautiful small and perforated items made to be strung, are very common in African archaeological excavations. They are also familiar in actual and modern articles, like collars, headdresses, clothes, dance stuff and furniture. Used in art of courts as well as popular forms, put together in simple assembly or included into embroidery or weaving, beads are everywhere in the life of an African, that’s why they are today a designer label of africanism. All along the triangular trade, Europeans often gave beads in exchange of slaves. This thesis aims to understand why the beads are so valuable in Africa for many centuries. To reach it, uses and symbolism of Cameroonian beads are studied because Cameroon is called “Africa in miniature”. During this research, we investigate the mystery of agree beads, also called acory, which were highly valued in early modern period.

In diesem Beitrag wird über osteologische Untersuchungen an rezenten Knochenfunden aus der kubanischen Strandsiedlung Caletones berichtet. Außer den Haustierarten Rind, Schaf/Ziege, Schwein und Huhn wurden Knochen von mindestens zwei Meeresschildkrötenarten und von zwei bislang unbestimmten Fischarten gefunden. Marine Tiere spielen in der Ernährung der Küstenbewohner eine wichtige Rolle. Spuren krankhafter Veränderungen wurden ausschließlich an den Schweineschädeln festgestellt und betreffen hauptsächlich Kiefer und Zähne. / This paper describes the recent bone finds from the Cuban coastal village Caletones. Bones of domestic animals (cattle, sheep/goat, pig, chicken) as well as sea turtles were present. Furthermore, bones of two, not yet determined, fish species were found. Marine animals provide an important part of animal protein for the coastal population in Cuba. Pathological changes were only found in the skulls of pigs and are mainly related to the teeth and jaws.