Digitizing and digital libraries create great opportunities toprovide access to cultural heritage globally, but the quicklychanging information technology environment also raises manyquestions. The aim of this bachelor thesis is to analyse whatvisions and ideas behind one specific digital library, Europeana,that can be found in documentation related to the project. Whatideas can be identified concerning aspects such as userparticipation, access to information, knowledge andinformation literacy? What is the project’s role in relation toeducation, preservation of cultural heritage and democracy?The method used to answer these research questions is adescriptive idea analysis. The empirical material, consisting ofprimary sources written in relation to the project, has beencategorized within dimensions and analysed according toDouglas Raber’s three public library strategies: social activism,the conservative response and the populist initiative. Thefindings of this study are that social activism is the dominatingstrategy, including aims as to support social inclusion, promotecultural diversity and help democratize access to information.Another present strategy is the populist initiative, concerningthe will to keep up with changing user needs and online trends.The conservative response can be identified, but barely. Thereare good possibilities for the future development of this project,even if some contradictions can be found concerning thevisions in relation to financial, juridical and politicalrestrictions. Important problem areas such as the unevenparticipation of different member countries, copyrightrestrictions and diverse user needs, must be addressed also inthe future. / Program: Bibliotekarie

<p>The aim of this study is to examine if library and archive will meet professionally in digitization projects. The study has been conducted as a discourse analysis in accordance with the methods of Norman Fairclough, professor of Linguistics at Lancaster University. The texts are seen as linguistic and semiotic elements of social events that can be analyzed as parts of the social process – discourse. The relationship between events and structures in society will be part of the social practice.The basic data derive from five public documents collected from Swedish government agencies. The mutual subject is developing a national strategy for digitization and to contribute to the European digital library, Europeana, funded by the European Commission.The research question is: When digitizing the Swedish cultural heritage as a project of institutional cooperation, which discourses can be identified? Which will be regarded as a matter of course and which will be excluded?The conclusion is that the profession of library were the most frequent discourse in the analyzed texts. Another important factor is whether the information is born digital or if it is physical artifacts that has been digitized. The Swedish National Archives have stated detailed regulations of creating and transferring official documents as electronic records which differ from the National library proposed regulation for legal deposit of electronic documents.For the library profession, the focus is on classification, searching and access. For the archive, the focus is to secure that the records has not been modified or corrupted for sustainable authenticity over time.In the social practice it can be established that the public institutions – libraries, museums, archives – will meet concurrence on the Internet from new entrepreneurs like Google, Genline and Creative Commons.</p>

The aim of this study is to examine if library and archive will meet professionally in digitization projects. The study has been conducted as a discourse analysis in accordance with the methods of Norman Fairclough, professor of Linguistics at Lancaster University. The texts are seen as linguistic and semiotic elements of social events that can be analyzed as parts of the social process – discourse. The relationship between events and structures in society will be part of the social practice.The basic data derive from five public documents collected from Swedish government agencies. The mutual subject is developing a national strategy for digitization and to contribute to the European digital library, Europeana, funded by the European Commission.The research question is: When digitizing the Swedish cultural heritage as a project of institutional cooperation, which discourses can be identified? Which will be regarded as a matter of course and which will be excluded?The conclusion is that the profession of library were the most frequent discourse in the analyzed texts. Another important factor is whether the information is born digital or if it is physical artifacts that has been digitized. The Swedish National Archives have stated detailed regulations of creating and transferring official documents as electronic records which differ from the National library proposed regulation for legal deposit of electronic documents.For the library profession, the focus is on classification, searching and access. For the archive, the focus is to secure that the records has not been modified or corrupted for sustainable authenticity over time.In the social practice it can be established that the public institutions – libraries, museums, archives – will meet concurrence on the Internet from new entrepreneurs like Google, Genline and Creative Commons.

Many Greek and Latin papyri, originally belonging to only one book (be it in roll or codex form), are currently scattered among different libraries. While it is not possible to physically rejoin these fragments as they cannot be moved from their institutions, they may be virtually reunited thanks to the techniques of digitisation, image processing and electronic publishing. This paper focuses on some issues – emerged from the work of my MA dissertation – that virtual reunification of Greek and Latin papyri presents. Firstly, I propose a workflow for the creation of a digital edition of virtually rejoined fragments, by applying the model of virtual reunification recently suggested by R. Punzalan in Understanding Virtual Reunification (2014), the first systematic study on this topic. Also, as a principal reference point among the existing projects, I follow the Sinaiticus Project website, which, similarly, deals with an ancient Greek manuscript now dispersed in different institutions; however, while the Sinaiticus Project is exclusively dedicated to that artefact, the edition here proposed includes the possibility to be widened, in order to allow researchers to possibly include more reunified papyri in the future. Secondly, I propose some recommendations that can be followed by the owning institutions in order to digitise their fragments according to a common strategy. Finally, I focus on how a virtual reunification of papyrus fragments can be technically achieved – in other words, how the transcription code can present unified information about the papyrus as a whole and mark the parts of text belonging to each fragment. This project will hopefully help researchers study papyri divided among different libraries in a more systematic way, thanks to the availability of an electronic edition including the whole text and images of the virtually reunited fragments, and thanks to a consolidation of metadata.

Many Greek and Latin papyri, originally belonging to only one book (be it in roll or codex form), are currently scattered among different libraries. While it is not possible to physically rejoin these fragments as they cannot be moved from their institutions, they may be virtually reunited thanks to the techniques of digitisation, image processing and electronic publishing. This paper focuses on some issues – emerged from the work of my MA dissertation – that virtual reunification of Greek and Latin papyri presents. Firstly, I propose a workflow for the creation of a digital edition of virtually rejoined fragments, by applying the model of virtual reunification recently suggested by R. Punzalan in Understanding Virtual Reunification (2014), the first systematic study on this topic. Also, as a principal reference point among the existing projects, I follow the Sinaiticus Project website, which, similarly, deals with an ancient Greek manuscript now dispersed in different institutions; however, while the Sinaiticus Project is exclusively dedicated to that artefact, the edition here proposed includes the possibility to be widened, in order to allow researchers to possibly include more reunified papyri in the future. Secondly, I propose some recommendations that can be followed by the owning institutions in order to digitise their fragments according to a common strategy. Finally, I focus on how a virtual reunification of papyrus fragments can be technically achieved – in other words, how the transcription code can present unified information about the papyrus as a whole and mark the parts of text belonging to each fragment. This project will hopefully help researchers study papyri divided among different libraries in a more systematic way, thanks to the availability of an electronic edition including the whole text and images of the virtually reunited fragments, and thanks to a consolidation of metadata.

Während die Bedeutung von mehrsprachigem Zugang zu Informationssystemen unumstritten ist, bleibt es unklar, ob und in welchem Umfang Systemfunktionalitäten und -oberflächen sowie das Interaktionsdesign an länder- bzw. sprachspezifisches Nutzerverhalten angepasst werden muss und sollte. Die Dissertation legt den Fokus auf die Identifikation von länder- und sprachspezifischen Unterschieden in Interaktionen mit dem Informationssystem als entscheidende Voraussetzung für die Entwicklung von mehrsprachigen Digitalen Bibliotheken. Durch den Mangel an vergleichbaren Studien -und Analyseansätzen, identifiziert die Studie zunächst Indikatoren, die auf Unterschiede im Verhalten von Nutzern aus unterschiedlichen Ländern und aus unterschiedlichen Sprachgruppen hinweisen können. Basierend auf der Selektion von Indikatoren wurde für die Arbeit ein individuell auf die Problematik von mehrsprachigem Zugang zu Informationssystemen angepasstes Logformat und Analysetool entwickelt, der Europeana Language Logger (ELL). Auf der Grundlage aller Variablen wurden Länderprofile erstellt und grafisch umgesetzt. Diese eignen sich für die Beschreibung und den Vergleich von länder- und sprachspezifischen Interaktionen innerhalb eines bestimmten Systems. Um die Erkenntnisse aus der Fallstudie verallgemeinern können, wurde auf der Basis einer Clusteranalyse eine Gewichtung von starken und schwachen Variablen für die Identifizierung von länder- und sprachspezifischen Unterschieden vorgenommen. / While the importance of multilingual access to information systems is unquestioned, it remains unclear if and to what extent system functionalities, interfaces or interaction patterns need to be adapted according to country or language specific user behaviors. This dissertation postulates that the identification of country and language level differences in user interactions is a crucial step for designing effective multilingual digital libraries. Due to the lack of comparable studies and analysis approaches, the research in this dissertation identifies indicators that could show differences in the interactions of users from different countries or languages. A customized logging format and logger (Europeana Language Logger) is developed in order to trace these variables in a digital library. For each investigated variable, differences between country groups are presented and discussed. Country profiles are developed as a tool to visualize different characteristics in comparison. To generalize the findings from the case study, the individual variables are prioritized by determining which ones show the most significant country and language level differences.

The aim of this thesis is to describe and evaluate policie, programs and projects of the European Union's information policy. It is focused on the librarianship with a reflection of Czech projects in this area. In the introduction, the so-called Bangemann report is mentioned, which is considered as a milestone in the development of information society. This report laid the foundation for other strategic documents, which were the eEurope, including following action plans. There are other two important documents mentioned in the following chapters, i.e. i2010 - European information society for growth and employment, and EUROPE 2020 - A strategy for smart, sustainable and inclusive growth. The core of the work is formed by a description of programs, funding European projects in the area of librarianship and projects, which originated from those programs. Given the trend of the 21st century is the digitization, projects in this area are described in this thesis. This is especially the European Digital Library, Europeana, and many other partial projects. The penultimate chapter is devoted to current projects in the field of digitization in the Czech Republic. Kramerius, Manuscriptorium, National Digital Library, National Digital Archives and other projects are mentioned here. The conclusion consists of a...

Geografisch betrachtet, liegt Sachsen seit jeher in der Mitte Europas. Nachdem das Land durch die Erweiterung der Europäischen Union auch in das Zentrum der politischen Gemeinschaft gerückt ist, gerät mit dem Start der Europäischen Digitalen Bibliothek „Europeana“ nun das kulturelle Erbe Sachsens in den Blickpunkt. Seit Ende 2008 ist der Freistaat durch die Bilddatenbank der Deutschen Fotothek der Sächsischen Landesbibliothek – Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Dresden (SLUB) in dem von der Europäischen Kommission und den EU-Mitgliedsstaaten geförderten Portal prominent vertreten.

Geografisch betrachtet, liegt Sachsen seit jeher in der Mitte Europas. Nachdem das Land durch die Erweiterung der Europäischen Union auch in das Zentrum der politischen Gemeinschaft gerückt ist, gerät mit dem Start der Europäischen Digitalen Bibliothek „Europeana“ nun das kulturelle Erbe Sachsens in den Blickpunkt. Seit Ende 2008 ist der Freistaat durch die Bilddatenbank der Deutschen Fotothek der Sächsischen Landesbibliothek – Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Dresden (SLUB) in dem von der Europäischen Kommission und den EU-Mitgliedsstaaten geförderten Portal prominent vertreten.