Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:27:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006-03-20Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:56:06Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 andrade_am_me_araca.pdf: 352951 bytes, checksum: 61eec2aa360510bd88c1aabc42242e74 (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / A população canina de Araçatuba foi acometida em um período dez anos (1994-2004) de duas importantes zoonoses: a Raiva e a Leishmaniose Visceral (LV). Este trabalho objetivou analisar as mudanças ocorridas nesta população durante este período. Para este fim foram utilizados os resultados dos censos caninos realizados nos anos de 1994, 1999 e 2004. Verificou-se que a relação cão/10 habitantes que era 1,69 em 1994 aumentou para 2,03 em 1999 e decresceu a 1,79 em 2004. A quantidade de animais com menos de um ano de idade aumentou de 20% em 1994 para 32% em 2004. No censo canino de 2004 foi observado que o número de cães e sua estrutura etária variaram nos diversos setores do município. Baseado nestes dados sugere-se que os programas de controle populacional canino e de zoonoses sejam direcionados aos setores mais problemáticos da cidade. / The dog population of Araçatuba presented in a period of ten years (1994-2004) two important canine zoonosis: rabies and visceral leishmaniasis (VL). This work aimed at checking the changes that happened in this population during this time. For this purpose, we used the census results of the years 1994, 1999 and 2004. We found that the ratio dog/10 habitants that was 1.69 in 1994, increased to 2.03 in 1999 and decreased to 1.79 in 2004. The number of puppies less than 1 year of age increased from 20% in 1994 to 32% in 2004. The 2004 census showed that the number of dogs and the percentage of puppies found in the different areas of the city are variable. Based on these results we suggest that, zoonosis and population control programs could be aimed to the more problematic areas in the city.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-07T14:27:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 570347 bytes, checksum: 7b3db20a51debbe6b8768a6ee293ac3b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-09-24 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The permanent advance of medicine has constantly expanded the discussion on the transition which separates life and death. The possibility to influence the death process by artificial ways and to elect his moment and shape conduct to the euthanasia theme, an expression of complex meaning, generating a series of occurrences that require explanation. The issue reveals the confluence of several subjects, including the repercussion in the Law fields, causing rare situations until now. This present study aims to approach the euthanasia theme under the legalcriminal optics. For this, will be initially considered the questions related to life and death and the conceptual changes occurred in the last decades, passing to the contextualization of different ways of euthanasia used by scholars and their application from the optics of comparative law. Continuous act, will be performed an analysis of the bioethical principles (justice, charity, nonmaleficence and autonomy) and the balance between the right to a dignified death, derived from human dignity, and the right to life, both with constitutional base. The research is finalized with a study legal-criminal, under the spectrum of Federal Constitution and the Penal Code, from the various euthanistic modalities. / O permanente avanço da medicina tem ampliado constantemente a discussão sobre a transição que divide a vida e a morte. A possibilidade de influência no processo da morte por meios artificiais e de eleger o seu momento e forma conduzem ao tema da eutanásia, expressão de significado complexo, gerando uma série de ocorrências que demandam explicação. A problemática revela a confluência de várias disciplinas, inclusive com repercussão na seara do direito, ocasionando situações até então infrequentes. O presente estudo objetiva, dessarte, abordar o tema da eutanásia sob a ótica jurídico-penal. Para tanto, serão inicialmente apreciadas questões relativas à vida e morte e as alterações conceituais sofridas nas últimas décadas, passando, em seguida, à contextualização das diferentes formas de eutanásia utilizadas pelos doutrinadores e sua aplicação sob a ótica do direito comparado. Ato contínuo, será efetivada uma análise dos princípios bioéticos (justiça, beneficência, não maleficência e autonomia) e da ponderação entre o direito à morte digna, derivado da dignidade da pessoa humana, e o direito à vida, ambos com sede constitucional. A pesquisa é finalizada com o estudo jurídico-penal, sob o espectro da Constituição Federal e do Código Penal, das diversas modalidades eutanásicas.

Fear of death is related to the way we live, affects individuals and affects the attitude of a whole society. The thesis is divided into theoretical and practical parts. In the theoretical part, a definition of concept of ethics and bioethics can be found as well as a discussion of the differing perceptions of the value of human life, basic information about euthanasia and the possibilities for palliative and hospice care. Furthermore, different views on the fear of death are noted as are presented by representatives of several areas - anthropologists, psychologists, theologians and sociologists. In the next part an interdisciplinary overview of the fear of death is compiled, which forms the theoretical basis for the practical part of the work. In this part a qualitative research was carried out through half structured interviews on fear of death. Comparing the results with outcomes from the theoretical part, it was found that death is a taboo topic in a society and that the fear of death is natural. In line with the used literature, most respondents have a great fear of the process of dying itself than of the death itself. From this point of view it was uncovered, that there is a relatively low awareness of the possibilities of palliative care between respondents.

Submitted by Ana Lúcia Torres (bfmhuap@gmail.com) on 2018-01-22T12:06:08Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) PRISCILA NAURATH.pdf: 1564532 bytes, checksum: 50d51a8e33d4f2a7795616dfb862f252 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Lúcia Torres (bfmhuap@gmail.com) on 2018-01-22T12:06:17Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) PRISCILA NAURATH.pdf: 1564532 bytes, checksum: 50d51a8e33d4f2a7795616dfb862f252 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-22T12:06:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) PRISCILA NAURATH.pdf: 1564532 bytes, checksum: 50d51a8e33d4f2a7795616dfb862f252 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Polícia Militar do Estado do Rio de Janeiro / Unidade Municipal de Medicina Veterinária Jorge Vaitsman / A eutanásia é um procedimento de alta estatística na casuística da prática clínica veterinária. Conflitos morais entre profissionais decorrentes da tomada de decisão em eutanásia veterinária são pouco conhecidos e pouco levados em conta na realidade brasileira. Neste estudo foram investigados conflitos morais relacionados à tomada de decisão em eutanásia a partir de questionários on line. Ficou comprovado que a maioria dos respondentes indica e realiza o procedimento de eutanásia. Foi identificado que o momento clínico para realização da eutanásia com maior percentual de escolha foi o da diminuição da qualidade de vida, porém foi evidenciada falta de segurança do entrevistado em identificar o momento certo para a tomada de decisão. Entrevistados não conhecem, em sua maioria. Ferramentas de avaliação de qualidade de vida, porém seu uso se mostraria útil para o profissional visando maior segurança na tomada de decisão. O resultado fundamental deste estudo conclui que profissionais médico veterinários que participaram deste inquérito têm variedade grande de conflitos éticos e são afetados por sofrimento psíquico quando da realização de uma eutanásia, com infinidade de sentimentos envolvidos na questão. Os resultados recomendam um maior aprofundamento e reflexão sobre conflitos bioéticos existentes no profissional médico veterinário e necessidade de implementação de programas visando conhecer efeitos deletérios e agravos à saúde relacionados à profissionais envolvidos e formulação de mecanismos que possam atenuar danos ao profissional. O valor do trabalho foi reafirmado com o resultado envolvendo conhecimento acerca dos regulamentos relacionados à Ética e treinamento eutanásia apresentados ao profissional na vida acadêmica tendo sido obtidos resultados mostrando necessidade de revisão da grade de matérias e reflexão sobre técnicas de ensino e enfoque que deve ser apresentado referente à Ética ao estudante de graduação de medicina veterinária / Euthanasia is a high statistical procedure in the series of veterinary clinical practice. Moral conflicts arising from professionals in veterinary euthanasia decision-making are little known and little considered in Brazilian reality. We have investigated moral conflicts related to decision-making on euthanasia from online questionnaires. It was proven in this study that most respondents indicates and performs the euthanasia procedure. It was identified that clinical time for performing euthanasia with the highest percentage of choice was the decreased quality of life, but it was evident lack of security interviewed to identify the right time for decision making. It was identified that respondents did not know mostly tools for assessing quality of life, but they would prove useful for the professional seeking greater security in decision making. The fundamental result of this study concluded that veterinary medical professionals who participated in this survey have wide range of ethical conflicts and are affected by psychological distress when performing euthanasia, with infinity of feelings involved in the issue. The results recommend further deepening and reflection on bioethical conflicts existing in the veterinary medical professional and need to implement programs aimed at meeting deleterious effects and health problems related to the professionals involved and formulate mechanisms to mitigate damage to professional. The value of work was reaffirmed with the results involving knowledge about regulations related to Ethics and euthanasia presented to professional training in academic life being obtained results showing the need for materials grid review and reflection on teaching techniques and approach that should be presented on content related to ethics to students of veterinary medicine degree

Bakgrund: Dödshjälp är ett debatterat ämne som berör sjuksköterskans arbetsuppgifter. Flera länder och stater har legaliserat dödshjälp. Dödshjälp kan ses som ett sätt att respektera patientens önskemål, att lindra lidande och bevara värdighet. Det kan även ställas mot vårdpersonalens egen autonomi eller ICN:s etiska kod som menar att sjukvårdens uppgift är att lindra och bota sjukdom och inte skada patienten. Vårdpersonal beskriver svårigheter i att hantera situationer där dessa komponenter på olika sätt ställs emot varandra. Syfte: Syftet var att belysa sjuksköterskans erfarenheter upplevelser och faktorer som kan påverka upplevelser av att arbeta med personer som önskar eller kommer att genomgå dödshjälp. Metod: En litteraturöversikt i enlighet med Friberg genomfördes. Resultatet byggde på tio originalartiklar som togs fram genom systematisk sökning. Analysen genomfördes genom tematisering och färgkodning.   Resultat: Arbetet med dödshjälp upplevdes olika beroende på vilken typ av dödshjälp som genomfördes, patientens och anhörigas upplevelser, deltagandet i beslutsfattandet, etiska koder och lagar som gällde samt sjuksköterskornas egna värderingar och erfarenheter. Detta ledde till både positiva och negativa upplevelser för sjuksköterskan. Dessa upplevelser kunde också hanteras genom formellt eller informellt stöd, vilket i sin tur bidrog till sjuksköterskans upplevelser. Diskussion: Resultatet diskuteras utefter Travelbees teori om den mellanmänskliga relationen och hur vårdandet utan roller kan bidra till en bättre vård, men även påverka sjuksköterskans upplevelser av vården. Dessutom diskuteras om hur sjuksköterskans egna värderingar och erfarenheter påverkar upplevelserna i vården. / Background: Euthanasia is a debated subject that concerns nurses’ duties. Several countries and states have legalized euthanasia. Euthanasia can be seen as a way of respecting patients wishes, relieving suffering and preserving dignity. However, it can also be considered against healthcare personnels own autonomy or ICN ethical code, which means that the health care task is to alleviate and cure and not harm the patient. Healthcare professionals describe difficulties in dealing with situations where these components differ in a variety of ways. Aim: The aim of the study was to highlight nurses’ experiences and factors that may affect experiences of working with people who want or will undergo euthanasia.  Method: A literature review according to Friberg was conducted. The result is based on ten original articles that were obtained through systematic search. The analysis was conducted by thematization and color-coding. Results: Workning with assistens in death was experienced differently depending on the type of euthanasia that was carried out, the experiences of patients and relatives, participation in decision making, ethical codes and laws, as well as nurses’ own values and experiences. This led to both positive and negative experiences for the nurse. These experiences could also be managed through formal or informal support, which in turn contributed to nurses’ experiences. Discussion: The discussion is based on Travelbees theory of interpersonal relationships and how care without rolls can contribute to better care, but also affect nurses’ experiences of care. In addition, there is discussion about how nurses own values ​​and understandings affect experiences in health care.

Alla människor har tankar som berör deras egen död. Hur begravningen ska gå till, vilks som ska vara närvarande vid dödsbädden eller vad som är det bästa sättet att avsluta livet på är bara några tankar om döden. Studiens syfte är att söka svar på hur akademiska filosofer argumenterar om etik och moral i förhållande till aktiv dödshjälp, eutanasi. Genom att analysera fyra argumentativa texter skrivna av både förespråkare och motståndare till eutanasi kan det ses ett mönster i vilka aspekter som är ständigt återkommande i debattten. Studien analyserar Daniel Callahan, John Keown, Torbjörn Tännsjö och Helga Kuhse vilka har valts ut utifrån olika kriterier. Undersökningen visar bland annat tydligt att uppfattningen om den moraliska skillnaden mellan att döda och att låta dö är en väldigt viktig fråga i debatten. Vidare har undersökningen visat att genom att belysa problematiken på att döda och låta dö anspelar man på aktiv och passiv eutanasi. I studien görs sedan en komparation där de argument som lyfts fram fråna båda sidor för att pröva hållbarheten utan att för sin skull påpeka att den ena sidan är mer rättfärdig än den andra.

Bakgrund: Dödshjälp och assisterat döende är tillåtna i flera länder men inte i andra. Sverige är ett av de länder där både eutanasi och assisterat döende är förbjudna. Ämnet är relevant i den offentliga debatten och som sjuksköterska i vården av allvarligt sjuka döende patienter har många blivit tillfrågade om att hjälpa till för att undvika smärtan genom att avsluta livet med en överdos. Patientens autonomi måste tillvaratas men sjuksköterskan får inte vara till hjälp med eutanasi och assisterad död. Hur reagerar sjuksköterskor på problemet och hur hanteras detta? I Sverige får sjukvårdspersonal, till skillnad från privatpersoner, inte hjälpa någon att begå självmord. När det inte finns någon möjlighet till botemedel bör vården koncentrera sig på att göra sista tiden i livet så symptomfri och bra som möjligt. Syfte: Syftet är att beskriva sjuksköterskors erfarenheter av att bemöta frågor om eutanasi/ assisterat självmord från patienter vid livets slut i palliativ vård. Metod: Studien har genomförts med kvalitativ induktiv ansats. Sjuksköterskor med erfarenhet av palliativ vård mellan 40 och 60 år intervjuades. Det användes förutbestämda öppna frågor och följdfrågor för att fördjupa det sagda. Kvalitativ innehållsanalys enligt Graneheim och Lundman (2004) användes för att få fram ett resultat.Resultat: Flera av informanterna i studien har upplevt en känsla av trygghet i att lagen förbjuder dem att förkorta livet för någon patient och att de kan erbjuda palliativ sedering för att lindra lidandet. Studien visar att sjuksköterskorna har en god beredskap när patienterna frågar om att få hjälp att dö. Studien visar också att sjuksköterskan har en viktig roll för ta reda på om vården kan vidta några andra åtgärder för att lindra lidandet. Slutsats: Sjuksköterskan har en god beredskap när patienterna frågar om att få hjälp att dö. Stödet kommer från kollegorna och lagen som ännu inte ger tillåtelse till eutanasi eller assisterat självmord. Studien visar också att sjuksköterskan har en viktig roll att undersöka vad som får patienten att uttrycka en dödsönskan och ta reda på om vården kan göra annat för att lindra lidandet som oftast upplevs outhärdligt och som är orsaken till frågan. / Background: Sweden is one of the countries where both euthanasia and assisted dying are prohibited. The topic is relevant in the public debate and as a nurse in the care of seriously ill dying patients, many have been asked to help avoid pain by ending life with an overdose. How do nurses react to the problem and how is this handled? In Sweden, healthcare professionals, unlike private individuals, are not allowed to help anyone to commit suicide. When there is no possibility of a cure, health care should concentrate on making the last time in life as symptom free and good as possible. Aim: The aim is to describe nurses’ experiences of responding to questions about euthanasia / assisted suicide from patients at the end of life in palliative care. Method: The study was conducted with a qualitative inductive approach. Nurses with experience in palliative care between the ages of 40 and 60 and with work experience between 2- 40 years were interviewed. Predefined open-ended questions were used and follow-up questions were asked to deepen what was said. Qualitative content analysis according to Graneheim and Lundman (2004) was used to obtain the result. Results: Several of the informants in the study have experienced a sense of security in the fact that the law prohibits them from shortening the life of any patient and that they can offer palliative sedation to alleviate the suffering. The study shows that nurses are well prepared when patients ask for help to die. The study also shows that the nurse has an important role to play in finding out if the health care can take any other measures to alleviate the suffering. Conclusion: The nurse is well prepared when patients ask for help to die. The support comes from colleagues and the law that does not yet give permission for euthanasia or assisted dying. The study also shows that the nurse has an important role to investigate in what makes the patient express a wish to die and find out whether the care can do something else to alleviate the suffering that is often experienced as unbearable and the cause of the question.

Bakgrund: Dödshjälp är endast lagligt i ett fåtal länder och stater runt om i världen och kan ske via eutanasi eller läkarassisterat döende. Det dominerar två modeller, Beneluxmodellen och Oregonmodellen. I livets slutskede har alla rätt till den bästa omvårdnaden och sjuksköterskan försöker sätta sig in i och förstå varför patienter ber om dödshjälp. Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva orsaker som kan påverka patienter i livets slutskede att önska dödshjälp.  Metod: En litteraturöversikt valdes som metod där fem kvalitativa och tre kvantitativa vetenskapliga originalartiklar inkluderades i resultatet. Litteratursökningarna genomfördes i CINAHL Complete, PubMed och MEDLINE. Resultat: Tre huvudteman identifierades, autonomi, existentiella värderingar samt lidande. Som subteman till autonomi valdes rätt att styra över sin egen död samt självkänsla och börda. Subteman som valdes till existentiella värderingar var andligt samt hopplöshet och misstro. Till lidande valdes outhärdligt lidande samt fysiskt och psykiskt lidande som subteman. Diskussion: I metoddiskussionen diskuterades styrkor och svagheter med vald metod. Resultatet diskuterades med delar av Katie Erikssons teori. Patienter önskade dödshjälp främst genom att få dö med värdighet, undkomma lidande med oro, ångest och depression. Att kunna ha rätt till sin autonomi och själv bestämma när livet ska avslutas. Att inte känna sig som en börda och vara beroende av omvårdnad motiverade patienter att önska dödshjälp. / Background: Euthanasia is only legal in a few countries and states around the world and can be done through euthanasia or physician-assisted dying. It dominates two models, the Benelux model and the Oregon model. At the end of life everyone is entitled to the best care and the nurse tries to understand why patients ask for euthanasia. Aim: The purpose was to describe causes that may influence patients at the end of life to seek euthanasia. Method: A literature review was chosen as the method where five qualitative and three quantitative scientific original articles were included in the result. The literature searches were conducted in CINAHL Complete, PubMed and MEDLINE. Results: Tree main themes were identified, autonomy, existential values and suffering. As a subtheme of autonomy, the right to rule over one´s own death as well as self-esteem and burden was chosen. Subthemes chosen for existential values were spiritual as well as hopelessness and mistrust. For suffering, unbearable suffering was chosen as well as physical and mental suffering as subthemes. Discussion: In the method discussion strenghts and weaknesses were discussed with the chosen method. The result was discussed with parts of Katie Erikssons theory. Patients wanted euthanasia mainly by dying with dignity, escaping suffering with depression and anxiety. Being able to have the right to their autonomy and decide for themselves when life should end. Not feeling like a burden and being dependent on nursing motivated patients to wish euthanasia.

Dead is a part of our human life. Even in the old days human was asking questions about himself: "Who am I? Where do I come from? Where do I go?" And last but not least understood his mortality. Dying is a part of life. It is a period for a human, when everything finishes. When is he really dead though? Is it really the moment when his heart beat and blood circulation stops and he stops breathing? Or is he dead for the others in the moment of his hard illness.The aim of the thesis is to point out an adequate behaviour to a dying human being.

Dead is a part of our human life. Even in the old days human was asking questions about himself: "Who am I? Where do I come from? Where do I go?" And last but not least understood his mortality. Dying is a part of life. It is a period for a human, when everything finishes. When is he really dead though? Is it really the moment when his heart beat and blood circulation stops and he stops breathing? Or is he dead for the others in the moment of his hard illness? A view of a patient trying to add Christian view, ie the possibility of seeking hope in a desperate situation that exceeds our life and dead. The aim of the thesis is to point out an adequate behaviour to a dying human being.