Bakgrund: Tidigare forskning visar på att mellan 32–90% av patienter som genomgått någon form av kirurgi utvecklar oavsiktlig hypotermi perioperativt. Ofta har patienterna redan mild hypotermi vid ankomst till operationssalen. De perioperativt verksamma specialistsjuksköterskorna har ett gemensamt ansvar att förhindra samt åtgärda oavsiktlig nedkylning av patienten perioperativt. Trots mycket forskning om hypotermi och dess konsekvenser visar studier på att det finns kunskapsluckor inom ämnet hos specialistsjuksköterskor som ingår i operationsteamet. Vidare finns det för närvarande inga svenska nationella riktlinjer för värmebevarande åtgärder under kirurgi utan mer övergripande rekommendationer om vikten av att upprätthålla patientens temperatur.  Syfte: Att beskriva hur specialistsjuksköterskor inom dagkirurgi arbetar för att bibehålla normotermi hos patienten.  Metod: Kvalitativ intervjustudie med induktiv ansats. Semi-strukturerade intervjuer med tio specialistsjuksköterskor på två operationsavdelningar med dagkirurgisk verksamhet. Datan analyserades med manifest innehållsanalys enligt Graneheim och Lundman. Resultat: I resultatet framkom tre kategorier: beslut om värmebevarande åtgärder, förutsättningar för att förebygga perioperativ hypotermi och viljan att göra gott. Kategorierna hade sammanlagt åtta tillhörande subkategorier.   Slutsats: Specialistsjuksköterskans arbete för att bibehålla normotermi hos patienten var komplext där många olika faktorer spelade in. Det fanns goda kunskaper om perioperativ hypotermi och värmebevarande åtgärder i operationsteamet. Resultatet synliggjorde dock att arbetet i att förebygga perioperativ hypotermi inte alltid baserades på evidens och att det inte fanns tillräckligt med beslutsunderstöd för värmebevarande åtgärder. / Background: Previous research shows that 32–90% of patients who have undergone some sort of surgery develop accidental perioperative hypothermia. Often, patients already have mild hypothermia upon arrival at the operating room. The perioperative specialist nurses have a shared responsibility to prevent and treat unintended cooling of the patient. Despite a lot of research on hypothermia and its consequences, studies show that there are knowledge gaps within the subject in specialist nurses who are part of the surgical team. Furthermore, there are currently no Swedish national guidelines for perioperative heat conservation measures during surgery, but more general recommendations on the importance of maintaining the patient’s temperature. Aim: To describe how specialist nurses in ambulatory surgery work to maintain normothermia in the patient. Method: Qualitative interview with inductive approach. Semi-structured interviews with ten specialist nurses at two ambulatory surgery departments. The data were analyzed with manifest content analysis according to Graneheim and Lundman.  Results: The results revealed three categories: decisions on heat conservation measures, conditions for preventing perioperative hypothermia and a desire to do good. The categories had a total of eight associated subcategories.  Conclusion: The specialist nurse’s work to maintain normothermia in the patient was complex in which many different factors came into play. There was a good knowledge of perioperative hypothermia and heat conservation measures in the surgical team. However, the results showed that the work in preventing perioperative hypothermia was not always based on evidence and that there was not enough basis for decision for perioperative heat conservation measures.

En todos los servicios de hospitalización neonatal, los neonatos se someten a diferentes tipos de procedimientos invasivos e intervenciones terapéuticas que generaran un evento doloroso (como, por ejemplo, una punción venosa, punción en el talón, inserción de un catéter periférico o venoso, o durante la toma de exámenes de laboratorio, entre otros). Mediante las investigaciones en salud se afirma que los recién nacidos son seres capaces de recibir el estímulo del doloroso y ello puede generarles efectos negativos en el desarrollo neurosensorial; por ello la importancia de la sensibilización al personal de enfermería sobre las diferentes técnicas que ayudaran a reducir y manejar el dolor neonatal a través de las intervenciones terapéuticas no farmacológicas. Por ello que profundizamos el análisis de la investigación secundaria titulada “Efectividad del uso de la sacarosa como analgesia durante la punción venosa en neonatos”; el cual tuvo como objetivo demostrar la efectividad del uso de la sacarosa al realizarse procedimientos invasivos que generen dolor. La metodología utilizada fue de “Enfermería Basada en la Evidencia” (EBE); en la cual se formuló la pregunta PICOT, Al administrar venopunción a recién nacidos, ¿el azúcar es un buen analgésico? Después de buscar en muchas bases de datos (incluidas VHL, Cyberindex, Scielo, Google Academic, Lilacs y Upto Date), pudimos localizar 396 artículos que eran relevantes para el tema. Después de aplicar nuestros criterios de selección, redujimos el campo a 10 artículos, Se seleccionó un artículo que cumplía los criterios de rigor científico (artículo 01) tras utilizar la Guía de Validez y Utilidad de Gálvez Toro. Para realizar el análisis del artículo elegido se utilizó la Guía Caspe. El Grupo de Trabajo Canadiense sobre Atención Médica Preventiva (CTFPHC) consideró que los hallazgos estaban en línea con sus expectativas, obteniendo un alto nivel de evidencia, la cual determinó que es efectivo el uso de la sacarosa como alternativa no farmacológica durante la punción venosa en neonatos para la disminución del dolor; proporcionando bienestar, evitando el estrés y daños neurosensoriales. / In all neonatal hospitalization services, neonates undergo different types of invasive procedures and therapeutic interventions that will generate a painful event (such as, for example, a venipuncture, heel stick, insertion of a peripheral or venous catheter, or during taking laboratory tests, among others). Through health research, it is affirmed that newborns are beings capable of receiving painful stimuli and this can generate negative effects on neurosensory development; Therefore, the importance of raising awareness among nursing staff about the different techniques that will help reduce and manage neonatal pain through non pharmacological therapeutic interventions. For this reason, we deepened the analysis of the secondary research titled “Results from the study "Efficacy of the use of sucrose as analgesia during venipuncture in neonates" were used to show that sucrose is helpful in reducing pain during invasive operations. The methodology used was “Evidence-Based Nursing” (EBE); in which the PICOT question was formulated: Is the use of sucrose as an analgesic during venipuncture in neonates effective? The necessary information search was carried out through a database of the Virtual Health Library (VHL), Cyber index, Scielo, Google Academic, Lilacs, Upto Date; finding 396 documents related to the topic; to which the selection criteria were applied, 10 articles were chosen, and; The Galvez Toro Validity and Usefulness Guide was applied, and one article was selected (01) complying with the established scientific rigor. For the selected article, the analysis was carried out with the Caspe Guide. The results met the objective, obtaining a High level of evidence, according to the Canadian Task Force on Preventive Health Care (CTFPHC), which determined that the use of sucrose as a non pharmacological alternative during venipuncture in neonates is effective to reduce the pain; providing well-being, avoiding stress and neurosensory damage.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Evidence based practice (EBP) is essential to the practice of nursing for purposes of promoting optimal patient outcomes. Research suggests that the implementation of EBP by staff nurses is problematic and influenced by beliefs, nursing leadership and the work environment. The purpose of this descriptive study was to examine variables that describe the relationship among beliefs about EBP, the work environment and nursing leadership on the EBP implementation activities of the staff nurse. The variables of interest were 1) individual staff nurse characteristics, 2) beliefs about EBP, 3) the EBP work environment and 4) nursing leadership for EBP. A descriptive, quantitative method was used. A sample of 422 Registered Nurses from two urban hospitals (one Magnet and one non-Magnet) completed an online 58 item survey that included questions related to individual belief’s about EBP, the EBP work environment and nursing leadership for EBP as well as EBP implementation activities. Education, tenure and Magnet status were not significantly related to EBP implementation activities in either the univariate or multivariate analysis. EBP beliefs had a significantly positive relationship with EBP implementation activities in both the univariate and multivariate analyses. Work environment and nursing leadership support for EBP had significant positive relationships with self-reported implementation activities in only the univariate analysis. The most surprising finding was that there were no differences between Magnet and non-Magnet work environments for EBP implementation scores, yet the Magnet hospitals reported higher means on the EBP Beliefs Scale than the non-Magnet hospital. The results of this have implications for identifying and testing strategies to influence EBP implementation activities through development of nursing leadership skills for EBP and creating a more EBP friendly work environment.

<p>Standardvårdplaner är vanligt förekommande inom hälso- och sjukvård och är under ständig utveckling. Standardvårdplaner är i olika grad evidensbaserade och framtagna med skiftande kvalitet. Standardvårdplaner används som ett hjälpmedel för effektivisering och kvalitetshöjning av vården för en specifik patientgrupp och är en på förhand formulerad vårdplan. Behov av ytterligare forskning efterfrågas om standardvårdplaner faktiskt minskar mängden dubbeldokumentation, leder till ökad tidsvinst och ökad vårdkvalitet. Syftet med föreliggande litteraturstudie var att göra en beskrivning av de effekter som användande av standardvårdplaner leder till. I litteraturstudien bearbetades 10 vetenskapliga artiklar som grund för resultatredovisningen. Resultatet visar att standardvårdplaner kan höja vårdkvaliteten, minska mängden dubbeldokumentation och leda till att tid frigörs till patientnära arbete. Det finns emellertid studier som visar på det motsatta. Standardvårdplanen kan ses som ett verktyg som underlättar en jämlik, högkvalitativ vård till alla patienter oavsett vem som vårdar. Utveckling av standardvårdplaner i vården bör ske på ett strukturerat och vetenskapligt sätt och tid till detta bör prioriteras. Litteraturstudien redovisar motstridiga resultat vilket indikerar behovet av fortsatt forskning av vilka effekter standardvårdplaner har för vården, både sett ur patientperspektiv, personalperspektiv samt ur ett organisatoriskt perspektiv.</p> / <p>Standardized care plans are commonly used in health care and are under constant development. Standardized care plans are to varying degrees evidence-based and designed with varying quality. Standardized care plans are used as a tool for improving the quality of care and are seen as a pre-formulated treatment plan. Research is needed into whether standardized care plans reduce the amount of redundant documentation, save time and increase quality of care. The aim of this literature study was to describe the situation regarding effects of using standardized care plans. In this study 10 scientific articles were analyzed. Results show that standardized care plans can improve quality of care, reduce redundant documentation and decrease time spent on documentation. However, there are studies that demonstrate the opposite.<strong> </strong>Standardized care plans can be seen as a tool for providing high-quality basic care for all patients. Scientific evidence should be used for development of standardized care plans and therefore priority should be given to making resources for this work available. There is a need for further research to validate the effects of standardized care plans as the results from this literature study are ambiguous. It would also be interesting to compare the views from patients, staff and management on the effects of using standardized care plans.</p>

Standardvårdplaner är vanligt förekommande inom hälso- och sjukvård och är under ständig utveckling. Standardvårdplaner är i olika grad evidensbaserade och framtagna med skiftande kvalitet. Standardvårdplaner används som ett hjälpmedel för effektivisering och kvalitetshöjning av vården för en specifik patientgrupp och är en på förhand formulerad vårdplan. Behov av ytterligare forskning efterfrågas om standardvårdplaner faktiskt minskar mängden dubbeldokumentation, leder till ökad tidsvinst och ökad vårdkvalitet. Syftet med föreliggande litteraturstudie var att göra en beskrivning av de effekter som användande av standardvårdplaner leder till. I litteraturstudien bearbetades 10 vetenskapliga artiklar som grund för resultatredovisningen. Resultatet visar att standardvårdplaner kan höja vårdkvaliteten, minska mängden dubbeldokumentation och leda till att tid frigörs till patientnära arbete. Det finns emellertid studier som visar på det motsatta. Standardvårdplanen kan ses som ett verktyg som underlättar en jämlik, högkvalitativ vård till alla patienter oavsett vem som vårdar. Utveckling av standardvårdplaner i vården bör ske på ett strukturerat och vetenskapligt sätt och tid till detta bör prioriteras. Litteraturstudien redovisar motstridiga resultat vilket indikerar behovet av fortsatt forskning av vilka effekter standardvårdplaner har för vården, både sett ur patientperspektiv, personalperspektiv samt ur ett organisatoriskt perspektiv. / Standardized care plans are commonly used in health care and are under constant development. Standardized care plans are to varying degrees evidence-based and designed with varying quality. Standardized care plans are used as a tool for improving the quality of care and are seen as a pre-formulated treatment plan. Research is needed into whether standardized care plans reduce the amount of redundant documentation, save time and increase quality of care. The aim of this literature study was to describe the situation regarding effects of using standardized care plans. In this study 10 scientific articles were analyzed. Results show that standardized care plans can improve quality of care, reduce redundant documentation and decrease time spent on documentation. However, there are studies that demonstrate the opposite. Standardized care plans can be seen as a tool for providing high-quality basic care for all patients. Scientific evidence should be used for development of standardized care plans and therefore priority should be given to making resources for this work available. There is a need for further research to validate the effects of standardized care plans as the results from this literature study are ambiguous. It would also be interesting to compare the views from patients, staff and management on the effects of using standardized care plans.

Project (B.S.)--James Madison University, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references.

Submitted by Fabiana Gonçalves Pinto (benf@ndc.uff.br) on 2017-02-23T17:18:30Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Magali Rezende de Carvalho.pdf: 3727493 bytes, checksum: cd7ca0e5fa89bc698cb1c0a9fe619926 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-23T17:18:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Magali Rezende de Carvalho.pdf: 3727493 bytes, checksum: cd7ca0e5fa89bc698cb1c0a9fe619926 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016 / Mestrado Acadêmico em Ciências do Cuidado em Saúde / Contextualização: Os fatores de crescimento atuam no reparo tecidual emitindo sinais modulatórios estimulando ou inibindo os processos celulares. Objetivo: Analisar a eficácia dos fatores de crescimento no processo cicatricial de úlceras venosas através da busca de evidência na literatura científica. Método: Revisão sistemática segundo as recomendações da Colaboração Cochrane. Critérios de inclusão: Ensaios clínicos randomizados sobre o uso dos fatores de crescimento no tratamento de úlceras venosas; abordando o número total de úlceras cicatrizadas, redução da área e/ou tempo de cicatrização. Exclusão: estudos em andamento, protocolos de pesquisa; artigos que associam fatores de crescimento ao enxerto de pele e estudos que incluíram úlceras de múltiplas etiologias sem análise por subgrupo. Bases de dados consultadas: Ovid MEDLINE(R); Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations; Ovid MEDLINE(R) Epub Ahead of Print; EMBASE; CINAHL Plus with Full Text, Cochrane CENTRAL, LILACS e Web of Science. Também foram consultados a Biblioteca Digital Brasileira de Teses e Dissertações e Google Acadêmico, além da busca manual através da lista de referências dos estudos incluídos. Não houve restrição temporal ou de idioma. A análise estatística foi realizada através do programa Review Manager 5.3 (Colaboração Cochrane). Para variáveis dicotômicas, foram calculados o risco relativo considerando um intervalo de confiança de 95%. A metanálise foi realizada utilizado o modelo de efeito fixo de Mantel-Haenszel quando I2 < 50% e modelo randômico para I2 > 50%. Resultados: A aplicação de fatores de crescimento para tratamento de úlceras venosas não acelerou o reparo tecidual comparado como tratamento padrão/placebo (RR 1,01 [IC 95%: 0,88-1,16]). Resultados semelhantes foram encontrados ao analisar os subgrupos PRP (RR 1,01 [IC 95%: 0,80-1,28]); KGF (RR 0,93 [IC 95%:0,78-1,11]); PDGF (RR 1,17 [IC 95%: 0,78-1,74]); EGF (RR 2,87 [IC 95%: 0,65-12,73; p=0,17]); TGF (RR 1,14 [IC 95%: 0,41-3,15]). Conclusão: Os resultados dessa revisão foram baseados em estudos classificados como moderado a alto risco de viés, portanto, precisam ser interpretados com cautela. Portanto, não há evidências para afirmar que os fatores de crescimento influenciam positivamente na cicatrização de úlceras venosas. Estudos mais robustos, com maior poder e melhor qualidade metodológica são necessários para de determinar melhores recomendações sobre o uso dos fatores de crescimento no tratamento de úlceras venosas. (Registro PROSPERO: CRD42016038390). / Background: Growth factors act in tissue repair by sending modulated signals stimulating or inhibiting cellular processes. Aim: To analyze the efficacy of growth factors in the healing process of venous ulcers by seeking evidence in the scientific literature. Method: Systematic review according to Cochrane Collaboration. Inclusion criteria: Randomized controlled trials using growth factors in the treatment of venous leg ulcers; approaching the total number of healed ulcers, wound area reduction and healing time. Exclusion: ongoing studies, research protocols; articles linking growth factors to the skin graft and studies that included ulcers of multiple etiologies without subgroup analysis. Databases consulted: Ovid MEDLINE (R); Ovid MEDLINE (R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations; Ovid MEDLINE (R) Epub Ahead of Print; EMBASE; CINAHL Plus with Full Text, Cochrane CENTRAL, LILACS and Web of Science. Also, the Brazilian Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations and Google Scholar were consulted, as well as hand search through the list of references of included studies. There was no time or language restrictions. Statistical analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.3 software (Cochrane Collaboration). For dichotomous variables, the relative risk was calculated considering a 95% confidence interval. The meta-analysis was performed using the fixed-effect model of Mantel-Haenszel when I2 <50% and a random model for I2> 50%. Results: The application of growth factors for the treatment of venous ulcers did not accelerate the healing process compared to standard treatment/placebo (RR 1.01 [95% CI: 0.88 to 1.16]). Similar results were found when analyzing the following subgroups: PRP (RR 1.01 [95% CI: 0.80 to 1.28]); KGF (RR 0.93 [95% CI: 0.78 to 1.11]); PDGF (RR 1.17 [95% CI: 0.78 to 1.74]); EGF (RR 2.87 [95% CI: 0.65 to 12.73, p = 0.17]); TGF (RR 1.14 [95% CI: 0.41 to 3.15]). Conclusion: The results of this review were based on studies classified as moderate to high risk of bias, therefore need to be interpreted with caution. So there is no evidence that the growth factors positively influence the healing of venous leg ulcers. More robust studies, more power and better methodological quality are needed to determine the best recommendations on the use of growth factors in the treatment of venous leg ulcers. (PROSPERO Registration: CRD42016038390).

In today's hospital environment, good care has become synonymous with positive patient outcomes. Marring this landscape is the alarming rate of hospital acquired (nosocomial) infections. Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common hospital acquired infections. The major cause associated with these infections is the use of indwelling urinary catheters. Bacteria invade the lower urinary tract by ascending through or around the catheter. Morbidity associated with urinary catheter-associated UTI can be minimized by prudent decisions concerning catheter usage and good catheter care. The principle route of dispersal of nosocomial infections is likely from patient-to-patient via transiently contaminated hands of hospital personnel. The purpose of this evidence-based project was to determine if hospital-acquired catheter-associated urinary tract infection rates among patients admitted to an acute care facility could be decreased through staff education and consistent application of nursing care using selected perineal infection control interventions. The setting was a 43-bed medical/surgical floor in a 321 bed not for profit Magnet hospital in Northeast Florida. Twenty-four registered nurses and 18 patient care technicians completed targeted in-service education on general nosocomial infections, perineal care, and hand hygiene. A catheter dwell time notification system was also implemented. Chart review data was obtained from 383 admissions (197 pre-intervention, 133 after the educational intervention, and 53 after the dwell time notification). There was a significant difference in catheter-associated urinary tract infection rates after the interventions (11.17 pre-intervention, 10.53 after the educational intervention and 0.392 after the dwell time notification). A longer length of time in practice an on this hospital unit was associated with lower infection rates.

Bakgrund: Obesa utgör 10% av befolkningen i Sverige. De riskerar på grund av sin anatomi attdrabbas av lungkomplikationer efter generell anestesi. De har rätt till säker,evidensbaserad och individanpassad omvårdnad utifrån sina behov för att förebyggariskerna för onödigt lidande och samhällskostnad. Det är anestesisjuksköterskansansvar att leverera anestesiologisk omvårdnad av sådan kvalitet, och medkompetensutveckling utifrån evidens och ett patientsäkert förhållningssätt är detlångt ifrån omöjligt. Syfte: Kartlägga effekter av intraoperativa ventilationsmetoder och åtgärder somanestesisjuksköterskor kan tillämpa för förbättrad ventilation hos obesa patientersom genomgår generell anestesi. Metod: Systematisk litteraturstudie, 13 randomiserade kontrollerade studier som presenteratsgenom en narrativ syntes. Resultat: Analysen resulterade i tre kategorier av ventilationsmetoder eller åtgärder som kanförbättra obesa patienters ventilation. Ventilatorinställningar, Alveolär rekryteringoch Applikation av positivt tryck vid spontanandning. Slutsatser: Högt/individanpassat PEEP i kombination med lungrekrytering kan förbättra denintraoperativa ventilationen. Både VCV och PCV kan tillämpas för effektivventilation av obesa patienter, PCV, icke-invasiv ventilation med positivt tryck, ochinverterad respirationsratio kan ge bättre intraoperativ syresättning. Ingen kopplingmellan i resultatet förekommande ventilationsmetoder och minskade postoperativakomplikationer kunde påvisas. / Bakgrund: Överviktiga utgör 10% av sveriges befolkning. Av anatomiska skäl riskerar de att drabbas av lungkomplikationer efter generell anestesi. De har rätt till säker, evidensbaserad och individualiserad vård som härrör från deras behov för att förehålla risken för onödigt lidande och börda för den nationella ekonomin. Det är narkosläkarens ansvar att leverera anestesiologisk vård av sådan kvalitet, och med kompetensutveckling som härrör från såväl bevis som en patientsäkerhetsapproach är det långt ifrån omöjligt. Sikta: Att kartlägga effekterna av intraoperativa ventilationsmetoder och åtgärder som dåurs narkosläkare kan ansöka om förbättrad ventilation av överviktiga patienter som utsätts förgenetisk anestesi. Metod: En systematisk litteratur översyn, 13 randomiserade kontrollerade prövningar analyserades och presenterades i en berättande syntes. Resultat: Analysen gav tre kategorier av ventilationsmetoder och åtgärder som kan bidra till ett positivt resultat när det gäller den överviktiga patientens ventilation. Ventilatorsettings, alveolar rekrytering och tillämpning av positivt tryck underspontanig andning. Slutsatser: Hög/individualiserad PEEP i kombination med rekryteringsmanövrering kan förbättra intraoperativ ventilation. Både VCV och PCV kan tillämpas för effektivventilation av överviktiga patienter, PCV, icke-invasiv positivt tryck ventilation och inverterade andning förhållandet kan resultera i högre intraoperativa syrenivåer. Ingen anslutning hittades mellan ventilationsmetoderna som inträffade i resultatetoch minskning av postoperativa pulmonell komplikationer.

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