No description available.

No description available.

La sous-famille des Dialioideae (Fabaceae/Leguminosae) regroupe 17 genres et 90 espèces réparties sur la majorité des continents. Bien que ce clade soit composé d’un nombre restreint d’espèces, une grande diversité de caractères morphologiques floraux est retrouvée au sein de ce groupe. Malgré les informations moléculaires et morphologiques apportées par plusieurs études, les relations évolutives entre les genres et les espèces demeurent peu résolues. En utilisant des données génomiques de 152 gènes nucléaires issues du séquençage ciblé, cette étude vise à établir une phylogénie bien supportée pour les Dialioideae. Nos résultats renforcent la position de plusieurs taxons, dont l’emplacement était mal défini dans les études précédentes, et fournissent de nouvelles perspectives sur l'histoire évolutive du clade. Nos analyses proposent que Koompassia forme un clade avec Apuleia, avec Distemonanthus comme groupefrère. Un placement pour le clade Martiodendron et Zenia est également suggéré, en tant que groupe-frère des Dialioideae excluant le groupement Baudouinia et Eligmocarpus ainsi que Poeppigia procera. De nouvelles relations au sein du clade qui regroupe Kalappia, Storckiella, Labichea et Petalostylis sont également présentées. De plus, cette étude propose une phylogénie basée sur des séquences du génome chloroplastique (matK-trnK, rps16 et trnL), présentant les relations évolutives entre les genres, mais également entre 38 espèces de Dialioideae. Étant donné le nombre réduit de gènes et de taxons utilisés dans les études actuelles, nous cherchions à obtenir une phylogénie présentant les relations évolutives à plusieurs niveaux taxonomiques. Nos résultats exposent des relations évolutives bien supportées et soulèvent le besoin d’échantillonnage des genres Dialium et Labichea. De plus, cette recherche fournit de nouvelles informations génomiques sur la conservation de copies paralogues de gènes fonctionnels associés à la morphologie florale et foliaire chez les végétaux (DICH, DIV, FLO/LFY-like, KNOX1, LEGCYC2, PALM1, PHAN, RAD, UFO). Nos résultats contribuent à la création de nouveau matériel pertinent pouvant être utilisé dans de futures études s’intéressant à la variabilité de caractères morphologiques existante entre les genres du clade. / Subfamily Dialioideae (Fabaceae/Leguminosae) comprises 17 genera and 90 species distributed over Central and South America, Africa, Asia and Oceania. Although this clade groups a small number of taxa, an important diversity of floral morphological characters is found within this group. Despite the molecular and morphological information provided by several studies, the evolutionary relationships amongst genera and species remain poorly resolved. Using genomic data from targeted sequencing of 152 nuclear genes, this study aims to establish a well-supported phylogeny for the Dialioideae. Our results strengthen the position of several taxa and provide new insights into the evolutionary history of the clade. Our analyses provide a resolution for Koompassia, whose position was not clearly defined in previous studies, suggesting it forms a clade with Apuleia, sister to which is the genus Distemonanthus. A placement for the Martiodendron and Zenia clade is also suggested, as a sister group to all Dialioideae except the Baudouinia and Eligmocarpus lineage, and Poeppigia procera, the sister group to all Dialioideae. New relationships within the clade including Kalappia, Storckiella, Labichea and Petalostylis are also presented. Furthermore, this study proposes a phylogeny based on chloroplast sequences (matK-trnK, rps16 and trnL), presenting the evolutionary relationships amongst genera, but also amongst 38 species of Dialioideae. Our results highlight well-supported evolutionary relationships and raise the need for increased sampling of the genera Dialium and Labichea. Furthermore, this research provides new genomic information on the conservation of paralogous copies of functional genes associated with floral and leaf morphology in plants (DICH, DIV, FLO/LFY-like, KNOX1, LEGCYC2, PALM1, PHAN, RAD, UFO). Our results contribute to the creation of new relevant material that can be used in future studies to investigate variability in morphology observed in Dialioideae.

Proper metazoan development requires that genes are expressed in a spatiotemporally controlled manner, with tightly regulated levels. Altering the expression of genes that govern development leads mostly to aberrations. However, alterations can also be beneficial, leading to the formation of new phenotypes, which contributes to the astounding diversity of animal forms. In the past the expression of developmental genes has been studied mostly in fixed tissues, which is unable to visualize these highly dynamic processes. We combine genomic fosmid transgenes, expressing genes of interest close to endogenous conditions, with Selective Plane Illumination Microscopy (SPIM) to image the expression of genes live with high temporal resolution and at single cell level in the entire embryo. In an effort to expand the toolkit for studying Drosophila development we have characterized the global expression patterns of various developmentally important genes in the whole embryo. To process the large datasets generated by SPIM, we have developed an automated workflow for processing on a High Performance Computing (HPC) cluster. In a parallel project, we wanted to understand how spatiotemporally regulated gene expression patterns and levels lead to different morphologies across Drosophila species. To this end we have compared by SPIM the expression of transcription factors (TFs) encoded by Drosophila melanogaster fosmids to their orthologous Drosophila pseudoobscura counterparts by expressing both fosmids in D. melanogaster. Here, we present an analysis of divergence of expression of orthologous genes compared A) directly by expressing the fosmids, tagged with different fluorophore, in the same D. melanogaster embryo or B) indirectly by expressing the fosmids, tagged with the same fluorophore, in separate D. melanogaster embryos. Our workflow provides powerful methodology for the study of gene expression patterns and levels during development, such knowledge is a basis for understanding both their evolutionary relevance and developmental function.

No description available.

Proper metazoan development requires that genes are expressed in a spatiotemporally controlled manner, with tightly regulated levels. Altering the expression of genes that govern development leads mostly to aberrations. However, alterations can also be beneficial, leading to the formation of new phenotypes, which contributes to the astounding diversity of animal forms. In the past the expression of developmental genes has been studied mostly in fixed tissues, which is unable to visualize these highly dynamic processes. We combine genomic fosmid transgenes, expressing genes of interest close to endogenous conditions, with Selective Plane Illumination Microscopy (SPIM) to image the expression of genes live with high temporal resolution and at single cell level in the entire embryo. In an effort to expand the toolkit for studying Drosophila development we have characterized the global expression patterns of various developmentally important genes in the whole embryo. To process the large datasets generated by SPIM, we have developed an automated workflow for processing on a High Performance Computing (HPC) cluster. In a parallel project, we wanted to understand how spatiotemporally regulated gene expression patterns and levels lead to different morphologies across Drosophila species. To this end we have compared by SPIM the expression of transcription factors (TFs) encoded by Drosophila melanogaster fosmids to their orthologous Drosophila pseudoobscura counterparts by expressing both fosmids in D. melanogaster. Here, we present an analysis of divergence of expression of orthologous genes compared A) directly by expressing the fosmids, tagged with different fluorophore, in the same D. melanogaster embryo or B) indirectly by expressing the fosmids, tagged with the same fluorophore, in separate D. melanogaster embryos. Our workflow provides powerful methodology for the study of gene expression patterns and levels during development, such knowledge is a basis for understanding both their evolutionary relevance and developmental function.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.