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This thesis explores the intersections of war, motherhood, and language in the poetry of Aria Aber and Solmaz Sharif, focusing in particular on their debut poetry collections, Hard Damage and LOOK respectively, and the “America” poems by both poets, published online. Chapter One explores the differing portrayals of motherhood in Aber’s poems and Sharif’s poems, focusing particularly on Aber’s specificity in the image of the mother, focused on the speaker’s mother, and Sharif’s wider view of the mother. Chapter Two explores how each of them portray war through the similar formal structure—a list poem followed by a long documentary poem focused on the personal—in order to understand the lasting impacts of war. Chapter Three focuses on their “America” poems and how both poets understand belonging, and how they eventually find an impossible home in language.

In this thesis, the records of the Menshevik ” Martov Club” for the years 1931–1932 are exploredthrough a microhistorical approach. These records are analyzed using the conceptual lens ofdesire and the self. Through this analysis, it becomes clear that the Menshevik ”self” experiencedan identity crisis in these year that was the result of sharply contested ideas around the nature ofthe social revolution and the historical role of the Bolshevik revolution. Debates around historyand the interpretation of the present were synthesized into prescriptions for political action thatcould not be reconciled, resulting in an analysis paralysis.

[pt] No livro dos doze, Ageu é o segundo em extensão perdendo apenas para Abdias. Neste pequeno livro, constituído de apenas dois capítulos, está uma mensagem que busca animar os construtores do templo pós-exílico. O oráculo em Ag 2,1-9 chama a atenção porque demonstra um interesse de YHWH pelo templo. O presente trabalho propõe-se a analisar Ag 2,1-9, com o objetivo de identificar pontos que demonstrem um enunciado escatológico profético e qual a dimensão escatológica do templo pós-exílico. Tal objetivo pôde ser alcançado, após a análise do texto, que tomou por base os aspectos da escatologia vétero-testamentária para identificá-lo como um oráculo escatológico salvífico. / [en] In the book of the twelve, Haggai is the second in a less extent, second only to Abdias. In this small book, consisting of only two chapters, is a message that seeks to encourage the builders of the post-exilic temple. The oracle in Hag 2.1-9 points out the reason why it has an interest in the temple of YHWH. This study proposes to examine Hag 2.1-9, with the aim of identifying points that demonstrate a prophetic eschatological statement and which the eschatological dimension of the post-exilic temple is. Such a goal could be reached after examining the text, which was based on the aspects of eschatology vetero-testamentary to identify him as an oracle eschatological salvation.

Musashi (1935-1939), Yoshikawa Eiji\'s novel serialized by the newspa-per Asahi Shinbun and considered by John Scott Miller (2009) as a Bild-ungsroman, it narrates from Miyamoto Musashis return from the battle of Sekigahara (1600) to his victory against Sasaki Kojir in Ganry is-land (1612), when he becomes of the best swordsmen at that age. The early seventeenth century Japan that underwent a major transition is the stage for the formation of Musashi in light of the Japanese world and his own feelings and choices. All these changes are intertwined in the decision of self-exile after the seclusion amid the range of erudition, as previously to this watershed, the protagonist himself felt misunder-stood and excluded by his family members and the other members of society. In order to develop this study, we will make a clipping of Mu-sashis path to understand the essence of his isolation, and his choice to preserve his individuality so that it makes it allowed him to exercise his creativity. Thus, based on the panorama on the Bildgunsroman (Ro-mance of Formation) made by Wilma Maas (2000), we will be able to follow the stimuli and aspirations that guides him toward his formation, until reaching a totally unique development. In order to understand Mu-sashi\'s motivation to adopt exile as a way of life, in addition to attesting his gains, we base on the studies of Kat Shichi (2012) and Edward Said (2003). / Musashi (1935-1939), Yoshikawa Eiji\'s novel serialized by the newspa-per Asahi Shinbun and considered by John Scott Miller (2009) as a Bild-ungsroman, it narrates from Miyamoto Musashis return from the battle of Sekigahara (1600) to his victory against Sasaki Kojir in Ganry is-land (1612), when he becomes of the best swordsmen at that age. The early seventeenth century Japan that underwent a major transition is the stage for the formation of Musashi in light of the Japanese world and his own feelings and choices. All these changes are intertwined in the decision of self-exile after the seclusion amid the range of erudition, as previously to this watershed, the protagonist himself felt misunder-stood and excluded by his family members and the other members of society. In order to develop this study, we will make a clipping of Mu-sashis path to understand the essence of his isolation, and his choice to preserve his individuality so that it makes it allowed him to exercise his creativity. Thus, based on the panorama on the Bildgunsroman (Ro-mance of Formation) made by Wilma Maas (2000), we will be able to follow the stimuli and aspirations that guides him toward his formation, until reaching a totally unique development. In order to understand Mu-sashi\'s motivation to adopt exile as a way of life, in addition to attesting his gains, we base on the studies of Kat Shichi (2012) and Edward Said (2003).

La Turquie forme un cadre exceptionnel pour l’étude de la question d’asile dans le sens où les politiques mises en œuvre concernant ce sujet ne correspondent pas à la complexité de la réalité sur ce territoire. C’est l’un des rares pays au monde qui applique – encore aujourd’hui - la Convention de Genève avec deux réserves, géographique et temporelle. Cette version de la Convention indique que seuls les réfugiés et demandeurs d’asile « européens » fuyant des événements antérieurs au 1er Janvier 1951 peuvent demander le statut de réfugiés auprès de l’Etat turc. En conséquence, aujourd’hui, l’Etat turc ne délivre pas le statut de réfugié aux demandeurs d’asile non-européens mais fournit seulement un statut temporaire. Les personnes, qui obtiennent le statut de réfugié d’après la définition internationale, sont autorisées à rester dans le pays uniquement jusqu’à ce que leur réinstallation dans un pays tiers soit organisée par le Haut Commissariat des Nations Unies pour les Refugiés (HCR).Basée sur des recherches effectuées sur les demandeurs d’asile iraniens à Van, une ville frontière de l’est de la Turquie, cette étude analyse le fonctionnement du processus de légalisation des personnes dans un contexte transitoire en se concentrant sur la relation entre les différents acteurs : les Etats, le HCR, les acteurs informels et les demandeurs d’asile. Elle explore la relation simultanée entre la légalité, la temporalité et le statut de réfugié à trois différents niveaux : local, national et transnational. Cette étude examine comment le statut transitoire du demandeur d’asile structure la relation de l’individu avec la légalité et comment il oriente la personne dans ses stratégies politiques et l’organisation de sa (sur)vie pendant cette période. Ainsi sont étudiées les conséquences des notions de légalité et temporalité sur l’expérience des demandeurs d’asile en Turquie. / Despite the increasing number of people entering Turkey as asylum seekers, the Turkish state has maintained the “rule of geographical reservation” that does not allow non- European asylum seekers to remain in Turkey as refugees. Accordingly, the on-going asylum system does not offer refugee status for non-European asylum seekers, but merely provides a temporary status. So-called “Temporary Guest”, these individuals are only allowed to stay within the country until their resettlement in a third country has been arranged by the United Nations for High Commissariat of refugee. This research concerns itself with the study of the experiences of Iranian asylum seekers and refugees residing in Van, a border satellite city in Eastern Turkey, currently in the process of transition. It analyzes the experience of being a refugee and being “in transit” in a country geographically proximate to the country of one’s origin. It examine individuals’ legalization struggle within transitory, local, national and transnational context by focusing on interacted/intersected relationship between states, international refugee regime, informal actors and asylum applicants. In so doing, it suggest exploring the ways in which legality and temporality come to be so intricately related as to form one’s refugee experience in Turkey.

Musashi (1935-1939), Yoshikawa Eiji\'s novel serialized by the newspa-per Asahi Shinbun and considered by John Scott Miller (2009) as a Bild-ungsroman, it narrates from Miyamoto Musashis return from the battle of Sekigahara (1600) to his victory against Sasaki Kojir in Ganry is-land (1612), when he becomes of the best swordsmen at that age. The early seventeenth century Japan that underwent a major transition is the stage for the formation of Musashi in light of the Japanese world and his own feelings and choices. All these changes are intertwined in the decision of self-exile after the seclusion amid the range of erudition, as previously to this watershed, the protagonist himself felt misunder-stood and excluded by his family members and the other members of society. In order to develop this study, we will make a clipping of Mu-sashis path to understand the essence of his isolation, and his choice to preserve his individuality so that it makes it allowed him to exercise his creativity. Thus, based on the panorama on the Bildgunsroman (Ro-mance of Formation) made by Wilma Maas (2000), we will be able to follow the stimuli and aspirations that guides him toward his formation, until reaching a totally unique development. In order to understand Mu-sashi\'s motivation to adopt exile as a way of life, in addition to attesting his gains, we base on the studies of Kat Shichi (2012) and Edward Said (2003). / Musashi (1935-1939), Yoshikawa Eiji\'s novel serialized by the newspa-per Asahi Shinbun and considered by John Scott Miller (2009) as a Bild-ungsroman, it narrates from Miyamoto Musashis return from the battle of Sekigahara (1600) to his victory against Sasaki Kojir in Ganry is-land (1612), when he becomes of the best swordsmen at that age. The early seventeenth century Japan that underwent a major transition is the stage for the formation of Musashi in light of the Japanese world and his own feelings and choices. All these changes are intertwined in the decision of self-exile after the seclusion amid the range of erudition, as previously to this watershed, the protagonist himself felt misunder-stood and excluded by his family members and the other members of society. In order to develop this study, we will make a clipping of Mu-sashis path to understand the essence of his isolation, and his choice to preserve his individuality so that it makes it allowed him to exercise his creativity. Thus, based on the panorama on the Bildgunsroman (Ro-mance of Formation) made by Wilma Maas (2000), we will be able to follow the stimuli and aspirations that guides him toward his formation, until reaching a totally unique development. In order to understand Mu-sashi\'s motivation to adopt exile as a way of life, in addition to attesting his gains, we base on the studies of Kat Shichi (2012) and Edward Said (2003).

Les épigones de la Négritude nous ont habitués, dans la confrontation de l’Afrique et l’Europe, à la mise en scène d’un personnage qui, après avoir rêvé d’Europe avec des stéréotypes de l’image de la France véhiculées par l’école coloniale, est confronté, lors de son séjour en Europe, aux conditions de l’exil avec l’éloignement de la terre maternelle à laquelle porte toutes ses aspirations. Mais avec les écrivains de la Migritude, l’émigration vers l’Europe prend un contour différent, elle n’est plus motivée par une volonté de découverte mais une fuite de la terre maternelle devenue répulsive alors que l’Europe est aux yeux du migrant un lieu attractif enjolivé par les récits des immigrés qui ont déjà fait le voyage. Ce présent travail de recherche s’efforce de rendre compte de l’évolution qui s’est opérée sur la représentation de l’immigration en Europe depuis les écrivains de la première génération jusqu’à ceux de la seconde. / The followers of the Negritude accustomed us to the confrontation between Africa and Europe through the staging of a character-dreaming of Europe with stereotyped images of France conveyed by the colonial school-who is confronted with the conditions of exile during his stay in Europe and the remoteness of motherland which bears all his aspirations. But for the writers of Migritude, emigration to Europe takes a different turn; it is no longer motivated by a desire for discovery but an escape from the native land which has become repulsive, while Europe is in the eyes of migrants, an attractive place embellished by the stories of immigrants who, have already made the journey. The present research seeks to reflect on the change that has taken place on the representation of immigration in Europe, from the writers of the first generation to those of the second generation.