Los juegos tradicionales son contenidos/conocimientos que se expresan a partir de las características de grupos sociales que los preservan. Son manifestaciones de la cultura corporal no menos calificada que otros contenidos de la Educación Física y este es el punto inicial de comprensión en explorar estas manifestaciones, de modo a trabajar pedagógicamente en el contexto escolar. Como objetivo de la presente investigación tenemos: sistematizar las especificidades didáctico-metodológicas de los juegos tradicionales que necesitan ser consideradas en la organización del trabajo pedagógico. Ponemos en evidencia también los siguientes objetivos específicos: identificar las características de lógica interna de los juegos tradicionales, identificar las características de lógica externa de los juegos tradicionales y establecer las relaciones entre las características de lógica externa e interna, en vista de la organización del trabajo pedagógico y de la didáctica. Por lo tanto, caracterizamos nuestro estudio como una investigación teórica, en la cual hemos utilizado los principales autores que tematizan los juegos tradicionales, la praxiología motriz y la pedagogía histórico-crítica. El estudio ha evidenciado los pilares didáctico-metodológicos que podrán hacerse de soporte a la sistematización del trabajo pedagógico de los conocimientos que son relevantes para que los juegos tradicionales puedan ser profundizados como contenido de la educación física escolar, son ellos: los conocimientos de la lógica interna, los conocimientos de la lógica externa y la relación entre estos, la etnomotricidad. La mediación de los conocimientos evidenciados acerca de nuestro objeto de investigación ha sido realizada a través de la pedagogía histórico-crítica, que ha contribuido para la concretización y comprensión de la totalidad de los conocimientos referentes a los juegos tradicionales. / Os jogos tradicionais são conteúdos/conhecimentos que se expressam a partir das características dos grupos sociais que os cultuam. São manifestações da cultura corporal não menos qualificada que outros conteúdos da Educação Física e este é o ponto inicial de compreensão em explorar estas manifestações, de modo a trabalhá-las pedagogicamente no contexto escolar. Como objetivo da presente pesquisa temos: sistematizar as especificidades didático-metodológicas dos jogos tradicionais que devem ser consideradas na organização do trabalho pedagógico. Cabe destacar também, os seguintes objetivos específicos: Identificar as características da lógica interna dos jogos tradicionais, identificar as características da lógica externa dos jogos tradicionais e estabelecer as relações entre as características das lógicas externa e interna tendo em vista a organização do trabalho pedagógico e da didática. Para tanto, caracterizamos nosso estudo como uma pesquisa teórica, na qual utilizamos os principais autores que tematizam os jogos tradicionais, a praxiologia motriz e a pedagogia histórico-crítica. O estudo evidenciou os pilares didático-metodológicos que poderão sustentar a sistematização do trabalho pedagógico dos conhecimentos que são relevantes para que os jogos tradicionais possam ser aprofundados como conteúdo da educação física escolar, que são: os conhecimentos da lógica interna, os conhecimentos da lógica externa e a relação entre estes, a etnomotricidade. A mediação dos conhecimentos evidenciados acerca do nosso objeto de pesquisa foi realizada a partir da pedagogia histórico-crítica, que contribuiu para a concretização e compreensão da totalidade dos conhecimentos referentes aos jogos tradicionais.

Submitted by Izabel Franco (izabel-franco@ufscar.br) on 2016-10-04T20:12:16Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DissRFR.pdf: 8767678 bytes, checksum: 220cb449cf6abf1a27b1711755aee1fd (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-10-20T19:13:33Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissRFR.pdf: 8767678 bytes, checksum: 220cb449cf6abf1a27b1711755aee1fd (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-10-20T19:13:38Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissRFR.pdf: 8767678 bytes, checksum: 220cb449cf6abf1a27b1711755aee1fd (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-20T19:13:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissRFR.pdf: 8767678 bytes, checksum: 220cb449cf6abf1a27b1711755aee1fd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-04-27 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / This research intends to investigate the influence of ideological debate and therefore the internal political struggle in the formulation of Brazilian foreign policy during the democratic period of 1945-1964. It tests the hypothesis that the formulation and implementation of the Independent Foreign Policy, in the early 1960s years, corresponded to the radicalization of the national development project and was the culmination of a instrumentalization process of the foreign policy to the national project, started at least since the second government of Getúlio Vargas (1951-1954). Through the analysis of some documents and texts from Francisco Clementino de San Tiago Dantas, important Brazilian intellectual and politician, we intend to identify concepts, theories and arguments that characterize his political thought as well as its correspondence with the ideas that supported the foreign policy in the period 1950-1960. / Esta pesquisa tem a intenção de investigar a influência do debate ideológico e, portanto, da luta política interna, na formulação da Política Externa Brasileira, durante o período democrático de 1945-1964. Trabalha-se com a hipótese de que a formulação e execução da Política Externa Independente, nos anos iniciais da década de 1960, correspondeu à radicalização do projeto nacional-desenvolvimentista, tendo sido o ponto culminante de um processo de instrumentalização da política exterior ao projeto de desenvolvimento nacional iniciado pelo menos desde o segundo governo de Getúlio Vargas (1951-1954). Através da análise de documentos e textos de Francisco Clementino de San Tiago Dantas, importante intelectual e político brasileiro ligado ao projeto nacional-desenvolvimentista, pretende-se identificar conceitos, teorias e argumentos que caracterizam o pensamento político do autor, bem como sua correspondência com as ideias que embasaram a política exterior no período de 1950 a 1960.

Submitted by Johnny Rodrigues (johnnyrodrigues@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-05-10T14:37:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DELZUITE TELES LEITE - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGHT 2014..pdf: 725468 bytes, checksum: 544a41814b10bf7b892a5b7b656a15db (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-10T14:37:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DELZUITE TELES LEITE - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGHT 2014..pdf: 725468 bytes, checksum: 544a41814b10bf7b892a5b7b656a15db (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-13 / Capes / Para que predadores de insetos pragas sejam utilizados no cultivo de melão, associados a produtos fitossanitários, é necessário que esses produtos sejam seletivos a inimigos naturais. Neste sentido, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos tóxicos de alguns inseticidas utilizados no cultivo do meloeiro para o controle de pragas, sobre ovos de Chrysoperla genanigra e larvas de Chrysoperla externa, analisando igualmente os efeitos sobre as fases subsequentes do desenvolvimento dos estágios contaminados dos predadores. Os ensaios foram desenvolvidos no Laboratório de Seletividade de Produtos Fitossanitários do Setor de Fitossanidade do Departamento de Ciências Vegetais da Universidade Federal Rural do Semiárido. Os experimentos foram realizados de acordo com a metodologia padrão da International Organization for Biological and Integrated Control of Noxious Animals and Plants (IOBC). Os produtos testados com suas respectivas dosagens (g do igrediente ativo/ L de água) foram: Clotianidina (0,1), Pimetrozina (0,25), Lambda-Cialotrina (0,025), Clorantraniliprole (0,0025), Indoxacarbe (0,036), Piriproxifem (0,1), Beta-Ciflutrina/ Imidacloprido (0,0625 +0,5), Imidacloprido (1,05) e Beta-Cipermetrina (0,04), o controle foi composto apenas por água destilada. As aplicações dos produtos foram realizadas com pulverizador pressurizado manualmente. No primeiro experimento as aplicações dos inseticidas foram efetuadas sobre os ovos de C. genanigra em placas de Petri, em seguida foram individualizados em tubos de vidro de 2,0 cm de diâmetro por 8,0 cm de altura, vedados na sua parte superior com filme plástico de cloreto de polivinila (PVC) e mantidos em sala climatizada a 25 ± 2 ºC, UR 70 ± 10% e 12h de fotofase. Os parâmetros biológicos avaliados foram à duração e sobrevivência da fase imatura, a razão sexual dos adultos provenientes dos ovos tratados, como também a oviposição média total/ fêmea no período avaliado e a viabilidade dos ovos da progênie. No segundo experimento a aplicação dos tratamentos foram indiretos para larvas de C. externa, aplicados sobre placas de Petri com posterior liberação das larvas, prosseguindo os passos do primeiro experimento. Avaliou-se duração e sobrevivência da fase imatura, a razão sexual dos adultos provenientes dos ovos tratados, como também a oviposição média total/ fêmea no período avaliado e a viabilidade dos ovos da progênie. O Lambda-cialotrina, Indoxacarbe, Pimetrozinae o Imidacloprido foram seletivos para a espécie C. genanigra, enquanto que o Clotiadinina, Beta-cipermetrina, Beta-ciflutrina/ Imidacloprido, Clorantraniliprole e o Piriproxifem foram tóxicos para esta espécie. Para larvas de C. externa, os inseticidas Pimetrozina e o Clorantraniliprole foram seletivos, enquanto que o Clotiadinina, Lambda-cialotrina, Indoxacarbe, Piriproxifem, Beta-ciflutina/ Imidacloprido, Imidacloprido e o Beta-cipermetrina se mostraram tóxicos. / For predators of pest insects are used in melon cultivation, associated with pesticides, it is necessary that those products are selective to natural enemies. In this sense, the aim of this study was to evaluate the toxic effects of some insecticides used in melon cultivation to control pests on eggs of Chrysoperla genanigra and larvae of Chrysoperla externa, also analyzing the effects on the subsequent phases of the development of contaminated predators stages. The tests were developed in the Laboratory of Selectivity of Plant Protection Products Sector of the Plant Protection Department of Plant Sciences, Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid. The experiments were performed according to the standard methodology of the International Organization for Biological and Integrated Control of Noxious Animals and Plants (IOBC). Products tested with their respective strengths (assets g / L igrediente water) were Chlothianidin (0.1), Pymetrozine (0.25), Lambda-cyhalothrin (0.025), Clorantraniliprole (0.0025), Indoxacarb (0.036 ), pyriproxyfen (0.1), Beta-cyfluthrin / Imidacloprid (0.0625 +0.5), Imidacloprid (1.05) and Beta-Cypermethrin (0.04), the control was only composed of distilled water. The applications of the products were performed manually pressurized spray. In the first experiment insecticide applications were made on the egg genanigra C. in Petri dishes were then individually in glass tubes of 2.0 cm diameter by 8.0 cm tall sealed in its upper part with plastic film of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and kept under controlled environmental conditions at 25 ± 2 º C, 70 ± 10% UR and 12h photophase. The parameters evaluated were the duration and survival of the immature stage, the sex ratio of adults from treated eggs as well as the total average oviposition / female in the study period and egg viability of the progeny. In the second experiment the treatments were indirect larvae of C. externa, on a Petri dish with subsequent release of larvae, continuing in the footsteps of the first experiment. We assessed duration and survival of the immature stage, the sex ratio of adults from treated eggs as well as the total average oviposition / female in the study period and egg viability of the progeny. Lambdacyhalothrin, indoxacarb and Pymetrozine Imidacloprid were selective for the species C. genanigra, while clothianidin, beta-cypermethrin, beta-cyfluthrin / Imidacloprid, Pyriproxyfen and Clorantraniliprole were toxic for this species. For larvae of C. externa, and the Pymetrozine Clorantraniliprole insecticides were harmless, whereas clothianidin, Lambda-cyhalothrin, indoxacarb pyriproxyfen, Beta-ciflutina / Imidacloprid, Imidacloprid and Beta-cypermethrin proved toxic.

Submitted by Elesbão Santiago Neto (neto10uepb@cche.uepb.edu.br) on 2018-04-05T18:15:09Z No. of bitstreams: 1 PDF - Hugo Agra de Castro.pdf: 52201702 bytes, checksum: 2a8ff49b2a0be2497c5b96d43be173b2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-05T18:15:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PDF - Hugo Agra de Castro.pdf: 52201702 bytes, checksum: 2a8ff49b2a0be2497c5b96d43be173b2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-05-05 / CAPES / Brazil and Mexico are the two largest countries in Latin America in economic and population terms, however both countries have weaknesses considering their international performance and bilateral relations with the great powers. The two countries have had similar trajectories in the national affirmation of their foreign policies. They used the legal aspect to preserve their sovereignty and strengthen the construction of their national state, both countries have used foreign policy to mediate conflicts in their surrounding geographic areas and began to influence their regional borders in a cautious way with a "non-hegemonic" discourse. Initially, the beginning of the decade of 1960 is considered a period of re foundation of the bilateral relations between the two countries. The process of national development based on industrialization in both countries, which lasted for much of the twentieth century, eventually collapsed in the 1980s. The political-economic influences of liberalism in international relations, determined a change of direction in the developmental process of the two countries. The election of Carlos Salinas de Gortari in 1988 and Fernando Collor de Mello in 1989 gave new directions to the economy and international relations for both countries. This paper aims to analyze how these new directions contributed to the changes in foreign policies of Brazil and Mexico, their core changes, convergences and divergences pointed out by foreign policies of the two countries during the period analyzed. For this comparative historical research, a descriptive, informative and explanatory methodology is used with the use of primary and secondary sources, as well as magazines and newspapers of the period analyzed. Regarding the positions adopted by foreign policies of Brazil and Mexico for Latin America in the early 1990s, it was observed that Mexico opted for a policy of low engagement in Latin American affairs, especially in Central America (its area of Influence), while Brazil opted for a policy of greater engagement in the region - especially in South America. As for the relationship with North America, the two countries indicated a stronger approach. However, the reciprocity of this approach was easier to observe in the Mexican case, with a high profile in the relationship with the United States, derived, in particular, thanks to the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). / Brasil e México são os dois maiores países da América Latina em termos econômicos e populacionais, mas possuem debilidades na atuação internacional e na relação bilateral com as grandes potências. Os dois países tiveram trajetórias semelhantes na afirmação nacional das suas políticas externas. Valeram-se do aspecto jurídico para preservar suas soberanias e fortalecer a construção de um estado nacional, utilizaram a política externa para mediar conflitos nas áreas geográficas próximas e passaram a influenciar seus perímetros regionais de forma cautelosa com um discurso “não-hegemônico”. Inicialmente, aponta-se o começo da década de 1960 como um período de refundação das relações bilaterais entre os dois países. O processo de desenvolvimento nacional baseado na industrialização, que durou boa parte do século XX nos dois países, acabou entrando em colapso na década de 1980. As influências político-econômicas do liberalismo nas relações internacionais determinaram uma mudança de rumo no processo desenvolvimentista dos dois países. A eleição de Carlos Salinas de Gortari em 1988 e Fernando Collor de Mello em 1989 deram novos rumos à economia e às relações internacionais dos dois países. Esse trabalho visa analisar como esses novos rumos contribuíram para as mudanças nas políticas externas do Brasil e do México, quais foram as principais mudanças ocorridas e as principais convergências e divergências assinaladas pelas políticas externas dos dois países no período estudado. Para esta pesquisa histórica comparativa, utiliza-se a metodologia descritiva, explicativa e explanatória com o uso de fontes primárias e secundárias, além de revistas e jornais das épocas analisadas. Sobre as posições adotadas pelas políticas externas do Brasil e do México para a América Latina no começo da década de 1990, observou-se que o México optou por uma política de baixo engajamento nos assuntos da América Latina, principalmente na América Central (sua área de influência), enquanto o Brasil optou por uma política de maior engajamento na região – com destaque para a América do Sul. No tocante à relação com a América do Norte, os dois países sinalizaram uma aproximação mais contundente. No entanto, a reciprocidade dessa aproximação foi mais fácil de ser observada no caso mexicano, com um perfil de alto engajamento na relação com os Estados Unidos, derivado, especialmente, graças ao Acordo de Livre Comércio da América do Norte (NAFTA).

Submitted by Maria Rita Santos da Silva (mariarita.dmt@gmail.com) on 2018-10-08T21:33:03Z No. of bitstreams: 3 Silva_Maria Rita Santos da.pdf: 5751071 bytes, checksum: feb6568c89061ffeb5b94bc9e6197424 (MD5) CartaEncaminhamentoAutodepósito (2).pdf: 41756 bytes, checksum: ce7e237da8b891ce59da8fd01fda5168 (MD5) ATA de aprovação TESE.pdf: 515566 bytes, checksum: 8b9eed2e600663886f2ad9fa0d6d293f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2018-10-09T15:27:55Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 3 Silva_Maria Rita Santos da.pdf: 5751071 bytes, checksum: feb6568c89061ffeb5b94bc9e6197424 (MD5) CartaEncaminhamentoAutodepósito (2).pdf: 41756 bytes, checksum: ce7e237da8b891ce59da8fd01fda5168 (MD5) ATA de aprovação TESE.pdf: 515566 bytes, checksum: 8b9eed2e600663886f2ad9fa0d6d293f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-10-09T15:27:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 3 Silva_Maria Rita Santos da.pdf: 5751071 bytes, checksum: feb6568c89061ffeb5b94bc9e6197424 (MD5) CartaEncaminhamentoAutodepósito (2).pdf: 41756 bytes, checksum: ce7e237da8b891ce59da8fd01fda5168 (MD5) ATA de aprovação TESE.pdf: 515566 bytes, checksum: 8b9eed2e600663886f2ad9fa0d6d293f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-08-27 / This thesis is part of the Public Education Policy, linked to the Postgraduate Program in Education - PPGE, from the Faculty of Education - FACED, Federal University of Amazonas - UFAM. The object of study and analysis deals with the relation between the Basic Education Development Index - Ideb and school work. The delimitation was in the initial years of elementary education, with empirical research in four public schools, with the main objective of analyzing the socio-political context of educational policies and the lived reality in the teaching institution of the municipal network of Manaus / AM, in the which refers to Ideb, above all, its implications for school work and its horizon for improving the quality of public school education. From the analysis made, it was verified that the State is conferred the officialization of educational policies in a context marked by public governance, under the auspices of the capital that reaches the reality experienced by the participants of empirical research. Considering this context, the thesis is that the demands and charges for reaching and surpassing projected goals for each school and municipal school network in Manaus has negative effects on students' learning, since administrative and pedagogical strategies lead to the inversion of educational priorities, since its valorization seeks for quantifiable results, under the argument of the quality of school education based on an index, called Ideb, that leads to the subsumption of school work from a methodology derived from a managerialist rationality, an incentive for ranking among educational institutions, in the logic of the neoliberal principle. The literary revision considers classical and contemporary theorists, such as: Afonso (2007, 2009, 2014), Antunes (2009, 2011), Apple (2005), Duarte (2013, 2016), Freitas (1988, 1978, 2017), Saviani (2007; 2013), and Frigotto (1995, 1997, 2010, 2016), Gramsci (1977, 1998, 2011), Guimarães-Iosif (2012) 2014, 2016), among others. The conceptual and methodological categories are related to the method of historical-dialectical materialism, since it is understood as the most coherent option for understanding the contextual movements in which human action produces and / or reproduces what is real in social relations permeated by contradictions. / A presente tese situa-se no eixo das Políticas Públicas Educacionais, vinculada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação - PPGE, da Faculdade de Educação - FACED, da Universidade Federal do Amazonas - UFAM. O objeto de estudo e análise trata sobre a relação entre o Índice de Desenvolvimento da Educação Básica - Ideb e o trabalho escolar. A delimitação foi nos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental, com pesquisa empírica em quatro escolas públicas, tendo como objetivo central analisar o contexto sócio-político de emersão das políticas educacionais e a realidade vivenciada na instituição de ensino da rede municipal de Manaus/AM, no que se refere ao Ideb, sobretudo, suas implicações no trabalho escolar e seu horizonte quanto à melhoria da qualidade da educação escolar pública. Da análise realizada, constatou-se que ao Estado é conferida a oficialização das políticas educacionais em um contexto marcado por uma governança pública, sob o auspício do capital que atinge a realidade vivenciada pelos participantes da pesquisa empírica. Diante desse contexto, sustenta-se a tese de que, as demandas e as cobranças por atingir e superar metas projetadas para cada escola e rede municipal de ensino de Manaus incide em efeitos negativos à aprendizagem dos estudantes, pois estratégias administrativo-pedagógicas levam à inversão de prioridades educativas, uma vez que sua valorização busca por resultados quantificáveis, sob o argumento da qualidade da educação escolar baseada em um índice, denominado Ideb, que leva à subsunção do trabalho escolar a partir de uma metodologia oriunda de uma racionalidade gerencialista, verticalizada, incitadora do ranqueamento entre as instituições de ensino, na lógica do princípio neoliberal. A revisão literária considera teóricos clássicos e contemporâneos, tais como: Afonso (2007, 2009, 2014), Antunes (2009, 2011), Apple (2005), Duarte (2013; 2016), Freitas (2007; 2012; 2014; 2015), Enguita (1991, 2001), Frigotto (1995, 1997, 2010, 2016), Gramsci (1977; 1998; 2011), Guimarães-Iosif (2012), Marx (1969, 1978, 2017), Saviani (2007; 2013; 2014; 2016), entre outros. As categorias conceituais e metodológicas estão relacionadas com o método do materialismo histórico-dialético por entender que é a opção mais coerente para compreender os movimentos contextuais em que a ação humana produz e/ou reproduz o que é real nas relações sociais permeadas por contradições.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T14:37:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao_eduardo_negri.pdf: 3971714 bytes, checksum: 63cf711c12a26111d352960e989f0624 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-02-27 / The goals of this study were to relate cases of ceruminous and purulent external otitis canine in relation to age and breed of the dog, clinical evolution, ear conformation, clinical and microbiological findings; evaluate the effect of topical therapy associated to ceruminolytics in ears with ceruminous external otitis and, evaluate the effect of the ear flushing in ears with purulent external otitis. The ears were evaluated by type of secretion in ceruminous (OC) or purulent (OP). For the treatment of ceruminous external otitis 40 ears were divided in groups A and B, with group A being treated with ceruminolytic and ear solution, and B only with ear solution. For the treatment of purulent otitis 36 ears were divided in groups A1 and B1. The ears of both groups were treated with topical solution and systemic antimicrobial. In group A1 was performed an only ear flushing at day 0.The ears was evaluated clinically (0, 15, 30, 45 days of treatment), and the ears with no pruritus, cerumen/exudate in the acoustic conch and erythema in the clinical otoscopy were discharged. Samples for microbiological evaluation were collected in the three studies. The cases of OC in relation to OP were more frequent in the breed poodle and in the breed brazilian fila, respectivelly, in pendulous ears the evolution of OP was chronic. The average age in OC was 3.3, and in OP, 4.4. The OC were characterized by erythema in the acoustic conch and variable amount of cerumen, and the OP were characterized by the shaking of the head, bad smell, exudate in the acoustic conch, otalgia, ulcers and stenosis and the moderate to intense amount of exudate. In the OC cytology there was predominance of Gram + cocci and yeast, in OP Gram rods and Gram + cocci. In OC the main isolates were M. pachydermatis and S. intermedius. In OP they were Proteus sp., P. aeruginosa and S. intermedius. Amoxicillin associated to clavulanic acid in OC and tobramycin in OP were the antibacterial more effective. In the evaluation of the treatment of OC it was observed that, at day 45, 14 ears of group A and 10 of group B were discharged. However, statistic differences between the treatments in all evaluation were not observed. In the first collection, M. pachydermatis and S. intermedius were isolated, at day 30, none of the samples presented bacterial growth. In the treatment of OP, both groups showed reduced clinical signs at day 45, being discharged 13 ears of group A1 and 12 of group B1. Gram and Gram + were isolated, which decreased in both treatments. Gentamicin was the most effectiveness antibacterial for both studies. It was concluded that, in the conditions studied there was difference in relation to the age, breed, clinical evolution, clinical signs, cytology, isolation and sensibility to antibiotics between ceruminous and purulent otitis; the use of ceruminolytic and ear flushing at day 0, in OC and OP respectively, did not show difference in the reduction of clinical signs, bacterial and fungal isolation and in clinical discharge. / Este estudo objetivou relacionar casos de otite externa canina ceruminosa e purulenta com a idade e raça do cão, evolução clínica, conformação da orelha, achados clínicos e microbiológicos; avaliar o efeito da terapia tópica associada a ceruminolíticos em orelhas com otite externa ceruminosa e, avaliar o efeito da lavagem do canal auditivo em orelhas com otite externa purulenta. As orelhas foram avaliadas pelo tipo de secreção em otite ceruminosa (OC) ou otite purulenta (OP). Para o tratamento da otite externa ceruminosa 40 orelhas foram divididas nos grupos A e B, sendo o grupo A tratado com ceruminolítico e solução otológica e, o grupo B somente com solução otológica. Para o tratamento da otite purulenta 36 orelhas foram divididas nos grupos A1 e B1. Ambos os grupos foram tratados com solução tópica e antibacteriano sistêmico, no grupo A1 foi realizada uma única lavagem auditiva no dia 0. As orelhas foram avaliadas clinicamente (0,15,30,45 dias) e aquelas com ausência de prurido, de cerúmen/exsudato na concha acústica e de eritema na otoscopia receberam alta clínica. Nos três estudos foram colhidas amostras para avaliação microbiológica. Casos de OC em relação à OP foram mais freqüentes, respectivamente em cães da raça poodle e da raça fila brasileiro, em orelhas pendulares e a evolução das OP foi crônica. A média de idade nas OC foi 3,3 anos e nas OP 4,4 anos. As OC se caracterizaram por eritema da concha acústica e quantidade variável de cerúmen, e as OP por balançar da cabeça, odor fétido, exsudato na concha acústica, otalgia, úlceras, estenose e quantidade moderada e intensa de exsudato. Na citologia nas OC houve predomínio de cocos Gram+ e leveduras e nas OP bacilos Gram- e cocos Gram+. Nas OC, os principais isolados foram de Malassezia pachydermatis e Staphylococcus intermedius e nas OP Proteus sp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa e S. intermedius. Amoxicilina com ácido clavulânico nas OC e tobramicina nas OP foram os antibacterianos mais eficazes. Na avaliação do tratamento das OC aos 45 dias houve alta clínica em 14 orelhas do grupo A e 10 do grupo B, porém não foram observadas diferenças estatísticas entre tratamentos em todas as avaliações. Na primeira coleta foram isolados principalmente M. pachydermatis e S. intermedius, aos 30 dias nenhuma amostra apresentava crescimento bacteriano. No tratamento das OP em ambos os grupos os sinais clínicos estavam reduzidos aos 45 dias, com alta clínica de 13 orelhas do grupo A1 e em 12 do grupo B1. Foram mais isolados bacilos Gram- e cocos Gram+, que diminuíram em ambos tratamentos. Gentamicina foi o antibacteriano com maior eficácia nos dois estudos. Conclui-se que nas condições estudadas houve diferença quanto à idade, raça, evolução clínica, achados clínicos, citologia, isolamento e sensibilidade a antibacterianos entre as otites ceruminosas e purulentas; o uso de ceruminolítico e a lavagem do canal auditivo no dia 0, respectivamente nas OC e OP não demonstraram diferença na redução dos sinais clínicos, no isolamento bacteriano e fúngico e na alta clínica.

På grund av pandemin COVID-19 råder det en extern kris i samhället, detta har påverkat många människor men inte minst organisationer. Myndigheter har utfärdat särskilda restriktioner vilket gör att organisationer måste anpassa sin verksamhet efter dessa. Detta har lett till att organisationer måste anamma de åtgärder som myndigheter utfärdat då de inte kan bedriva sin verksamhet på samma sätt. Detta har lett till att organisationerna måste arbeta internt med att hantera den externa krisen. Denna kvalitativa studie ämnar att undersöka hur den interna krishanteringen samt kriskommunikationen ser ut i idrottsorganisationer under en extern kris. Vilka åtgärder som vidtagits och hur organisationens interna kommunikation ser ut. För att få svar på hur idrottsorganisationer blivit påverkade av den externa krisen har semistrukturerade intervjuer genomförts med beslutsfattande personer inom IK Sävehof och Önnereds HK, två elithandbollsorganisationer baserade i Göteborgsområdet. Dessa intervjuer har stått för grund till empiriinsamlingen. Det resultat och slutsats som kommit fram genom att analysera empirin är att pandemin COVID-19 har haft en stor påverkan på den interna organisationen i handbollsklubbarna. Båda klubbar står inför liknande hot då de återfinns inom samma bransch samt att båda arrangerar stora arrangemang i form av ungdomsturneringar där Sävehof har fått ställa in och Önnered hotas av att ställa in på grund av COVID-19. Detta är de mest inkomstbringande källorna för respektive förening och det är en stor ekonomisk förlust. Ingen av organisationerna hade en tydlig bearbetat krishantering innan COVID-19, vilket är något som hade varit gynnsamt att ha då det kan ge en fördel när en kris väl inträffar. / Due to COVID-19 pandemic, there is an external crisis in society which has affected many people, as well as organizations. Authorities have issued special restrictions due to COVID-19. Hence organizations must adapt their activity to these restrictions and embrace measures that the authorities have issued. The organizations cannot continue their activities in the same way as before the COVID-19 pandemic. Hence there has been a major impact in society which has led organizations to work internally to deal with the external crisis. This qualitative study aims to investigate what the internal crisis management and crisis communication look like in sports organizations during an external crisis. What actions have been taken and how the organization’s internal communications looks like. In order to get answers to how the sports organizations have been affected by the external crisis, semi-structured interviews have been conducted with decision-making people within IK Sävehof and Önnereds HK, which are two elite handball organizations based in the Gothenburg area in Sweden. These interviews have provided the basis for the empirical data collection. The results and conclusion reached by analyzing the empirical data is that the COVID-19 pandemic has had a major impact on the internal organizations of the handball clubs. Both clubs face the same threat as they are found in the same industry, both have major events in form of youth tournaments where Sävehof has had to cancel and Önnered is threatened to cancel due to COVID-19. These events are the most generating sources of income for each organization which means that it is a great financial loss. Sävehof is a larger organization than Önnered, which can be studied in the way they handle the crisis internally as Sävehof has larger resources. None of the organizations had a clearly processed crisis management. This is something that would have been beneficial to have when an external crisis strikes. The essay is written in Swedish.

In der veterinärmedizinischen Wissenschaft spielt das equine akustische Organ sowie dessen Erkrankungen und Funktionsstörungen bislang eine stark untergeordnete Rolle. Mangelnde Visualisierungs- und Untersuchungsmöglichkeiten, geringe Patienten- Compliance sowie fehlende Referenzen erschweren die Diagnose aurikulärer Erkrankungen (SARGENT et al. 2006; SOMMERAUER et al. 2012). Das übergeordnete langfristige Ziel dieser Forschungsarbeit ist es, humanmedizinische objektive audiometrische Messtechnik an das Pferdeohr anzupassen. Von speziellem Interesse ist dabei die Messung otoakustischer Emissionen zur objektiven Überprüfung der Innenohrfunktion. Die grundlegende Voraussetzung jeglicher Messungen und Adaptierungen ist zunächst die otoskopische Kontrolle des externen Gehörkanales und Trommelfelles. So können die Messung behindernde Faktoren, beispielsweise ein hoher Verschmutzungsgrad oder Fremdkörper im externen Gehörkanal, ausgeschlossen werden. Mit Hilfe herkömmlicher Videobronchoskope oder Videogastroskope (Durchmesser von 7 mm bzw. 9 mm) und der Anwendung eines standardisierten Protokolls konnten im Rahmen der Basisstudie die externen Gehörkanäle und Trommelfelle von 38 sedierten Pferden bilateral endoskopisch untersucht werden. Aus praktischer Sicht ist dabei hervorzuheben, dass die bislang obligatorische Leitungsanästhesie der Ohrnerven und das damit verbundene Risiko einer Fazialisparese vollständig umgangen werden konnte. Im Zuge dieses optimierten Verfahrens wurden physiologische und pathologische endoskopische Referenzen des externen Gehörkanales und Trommelfelles erstellt. Pathologische otoskopische Befunde (z.B. Tympanosklerose) sowie mangelnde veterinärmedizinische Fachliteratur verdeutlichen den Bedarf der histologischen Aufarbeitung des equinen akustischen Organs. Im Rahmen der Folgestudie wurden die Ohren von zehn Schlachtpferden für die detaillierte histologische Aufarbeitung herangezogen. Die Ergebnissedieser Arbeit beschreiben und verbildlichen erstmalig das vollständige equine akustische Organ. Im Folgenden sind nun die wesentlichen Ergebnisse der Basis- und Folgestudie zusammengefasst. Der physiologische kartilaginöse externe Gehörkanal ist pigmentiert, mit Haaren sowie mit cerumenproduzierenden Talg- und Schweißdrüsen ausgekleidet. Im Vergleich zum ossären externen Gehörkanal weist der kartilaginöse Anteil einen deutlich höheren Verschmutzungsgrad auf. Der Übergang zwischen dem kartilaginösen und ossären äußeren Gehörgang ist histologisch gekennzeichnet durch einen abrupten Wechsel zu einem unpigmentierten, haarlosen und drüsenfreien mehrschichtig verhornten Epithel. Endoskopisch ist dieser Übergang anhand kranzartig angeordneter beigefarbener Keratinschuppen erkennbar, welche Produkte des Selbstreinigungsmechanismus des knöchernen Gehörganges darstellen. Letzterer besitzt eine rund-ovale Form, ein trockenes zartrosafarbenes Epithel mit konzentrischen Keratinringen und schwach durchscheinender Gefäßzeichnung. Das physiologische equine Trommelfell stellt sich endoskopisch als eine klar in ihre Bestandteile (Pars tensa, Pars flaccida, Stria mallearis) differenzierte semitransparente Membran ohne positiven Lichtreflex dar. Auf der Grundlage der etablierten physiologischen Referenzen konnten pathologische Befunde bei sieben Pferden (vier Pferde mit Aural Plaques, drei Pferde mit Otitis externa) nachgewiesen werden. Zu den typischen Kennzeichen einer Otitis externa zählen die Schwellung und Rötung des ossären Epithels, das Verstreichen der konzentrischen Keratinringe und/oder die Ablösung der schützenden Keratinschicht im ossären Gehörkanal sowie ein positiver Lichtreflex im Bereich des Trommelfelles. Bei einem der an Otitis externa erkrankten Pferde konnte ein möglicher Zusammenhang zu einer Temporohyoidosteoarthropathie (THO) hergestellt werden. Darüber hinaus konnte bei zwei weiteren Pferden erstmalig eine Tympanosklerose diagnostiziert werden. Die Resultate dieser Dissertation liefern die Grundlage für weitere Forschungsansätze auf dem Gebiet des equinen akustischen Organs. Die Ohrendoskopie am stehenden sedierten Pferd ist eine praktikable, schonende sowie diagnostisch wertvolle Untersuchungsmöglichkeit. Sie sollte insbesondere bei der Abklärung einer THO, Fazialisparese, Vestibularsyndrom, Headshaking, Kopfscheue, parasitären Infektionen oder bei Kopftraumata zum Einsatz kommen. Die Ohrendoskopie ist zudem der Ausgangspunkt für die Anpassung und Anwendung humanmedizinischer audiometrischer Messsonden an das Pferdeohr. Die gewonnenen histologischen Erkenntnisse bilden die Basis für weiterführende Untersuchungen hinsichtlich angeborener oder erworbener Mittel- und Innenohrerkrankungen, welche Einfluss auf die Messung der otoakustischen Emissionen haben.:Inhaltsverzeichnis Einleitung ...................................................................................................................... 1 Literaturübersicht .......................................................................................................... 4 Anatomie des equinen akustischen Organs ................................................................. 4 8 Danksagung 2.4.1 2.4.2 2.4.3 2.4.4 Otoskopie ........................................................................................................ 10 Tympanometrie ............................................................................................... 11 Messung otoakustischer Emissionen (OAE) ................................................... 12 Hirnstammaudiometrie (BERA) ....................................................................... 14 Äußeres Ohr...................................................................................................... 4 Mittelohr ............................................................................................................ 4 Innenohr ............................................................................................................ 5 Hörbahn ............................................................................................................ 7 Gleichgewichtsbahn .......................................................................................... 7 2.1.1 2.1.2 2.1.3 2.1.4 2.1.5 Physiologie des Hörvorganges ..................................................................................... 8 Physiologie des Vestibularorgans................................................................................. 9 Untersuchungsmethoden des akustischen Organs .................................................... 10 Ergebnisse .................................................................................................................. 15 Publikation 1: Endoscopic findings of the external ear canal in a group of clinically normal horses and horses with head shaking or vestibular disease .......................... 15 Publikation 2: Histological Study of the External, Middle and Inner Ear of Horses .... 25 Diskussion .................................................................................................................. 44 Otoskopie.................................................................................................................... 45 Der physiologische equine externe Gehörkanal und das Trommelfell ....................... 46 Pathologische Befunde des equinen externen Gehörkanales und Trommelfelles ..... 48 Histologie des equinen akustischen Organs............................................................... 50 Diagnostische Möglichkeiten - OAE ........................................................................... 51 Zusammenfassung ..................................................................................................... 53 Summary .................................................................................................................... 55 Literaturverzeichnis..................................................................................................... 57 Anhang ....................................................................................................................... 64 / The equine acoustic organ, including its diseases and disorders, still plays a minor role in veterinary science. Due to insufficient visualization and examination equipment, little patient compliance and sparse references the diagnosis of auricular diseases is rather difficult (SARGENT et al. 2006; SOMMERAUER et al. 2012). The overall aim of this research project is to adapt human objective audiometric testing devices onto the equine acoustic organ. Particularly, the measurement of so-called otoacoustic emissions is of importance for an objective evaluation of the inner ear function. The otoscopic examination of the external ear canal and tympanic membrane is the fundamental precondition for the adaption of probes and every audiometric testing. Circumstances that may prevent us from having successful measurements, like a high degree of ceruminous and cellular debris or even foreign bodies within the external ear canal, can be identified and eliminated by otoscopy. By the use of common veterinary videobronchoscopes or videogastroscopes (calibre 7 mm/9 mm) the external ear canal and tympanic membrane of 38 standing sedated horses were bilaterally examined following a standardized protocol. Special emphasis should be placed on the fact that the obligatory local nerve block anaesthesia of the auricular nerves and the associated risk of a facial nerve paralysis were completely eliminated. With the help of this simplified procedure physiological and pathological references could be established. Pathological findings and a lack of relevant veterinary literature prompted us to take a closer look at histological aspects of the equine acoustic organ. In this context, the ears of ten slaughter horses were histologically examined in detail. The results of this follow-up study describe and illustrate the complete histology of the equine acoustic organ for the first time. In the following the essential results of the basic- and follow-up study are summarized. The physiological cartilaginous external ear canal is pigmented and contains hair, as well as ceruminous and sebaceous glands. In comparison to the osseous external ear canal, the cartilaginous part has higher degree of ceruminous and cellular debris. The intersection between both- the cartilaginous and osseous portion- is histologically characterized by an abrupt change to a non-pigmented, hairless, aglandular keratinized stratified squamous epithelium. Endoscopically, the intersection can be identified by a rim of beige keratin scales, which are products of the self-cleaning mechanism of the osseous epithelium. The osseous ear canal is round to oval shaped and lined with pale pink coloured epithelium that contains concentric keratin formations and visible capillary drawing. The physiological equine tympanic membrane is endoscopically characterized by a well-differentiated semi- transparent membrane, which shows no positive light reflex. On basis of the established physiological references pathological changes were found in seven horses (four horses with aural plaques, three horses with otitis externa). Typical sings of otitis externa were swelling and reddening of the osseous epithelium, the loss of the concentric keratin layer formation and/or detachment of the protective osseous keratin layer, as well as a positive light reflex on the tympanic membrane. In one diseased horse a possible correlation between the Otitis externa and severe temporohyoid osteoarthropathy (THO) could be revealed. Additionally, tympanosclerotic changes within two equine eardrums could be visualized for the first time. The results of this study provide a basis for further research on the equine acoustic organ. The otoscopic examination in standing sedated horses is a viable, safe, easy and quick to perform beneficial diagnostic procedure for a complete work-up of ear-related diseases, such as THO, facial nerve paralysis, vestibular disease, head shaking, parasitic infections or head trauma. In addition, the otoscopic examination is a basic requirement for the adaption and the use of human audiometric measuring probes in equine ears. The results obtained in the histological study can be employed as references for further research on equine congenital and acquired middle and inner ear diseases, which can influence the measurement results of otoacoustic emissions.:Inhaltsverzeichnis Einleitung ...................................................................................................................... 1 Literaturübersicht .......................................................................................................... 4 Anatomie des equinen akustischen Organs ................................................................. 4 8 Danksagung 2.4.1 2.4.2 2.4.3 2.4.4 Otoskopie ........................................................................................................ 10 Tympanometrie ............................................................................................... 11 Messung otoakustischer Emissionen (OAE) ................................................... 12 Hirnstammaudiometrie (BERA) ....................................................................... 14 Äußeres Ohr...................................................................................................... 4 Mittelohr ............................................................................................................ 4 Innenohr ............................................................................................................ 5 Hörbahn ............................................................................................................ 7 Gleichgewichtsbahn .......................................................................................... 7 2.1.1 2.1.2 2.1.3 2.1.4 2.1.5 Physiologie des Hörvorganges ..................................................................................... 8 Physiologie des Vestibularorgans................................................................................. 9 Untersuchungsmethoden des akustischen Organs .................................................... 10 Ergebnisse .................................................................................................................. 15 Publikation 1: Endoscopic findings of the external ear canal in a group of clinically normal horses and horses with head shaking or vestibular disease .......................... 15 Publikation 2: Histological Study of the External, Middle and Inner Ear of Horses .... 25 Diskussion .................................................................................................................. 44 Otoskopie.................................................................................................................... 45 Der physiologische equine externe Gehörkanal und das Trommelfell ....................... 46 Pathologische Befunde des equinen externen Gehörkanales und Trommelfelles ..... 48 Histologie des equinen akustischen Organs............................................................... 50 Diagnostische Möglichkeiten - OAE ........................................................................... 51 Zusammenfassung ..................................................................................................... 53 Summary .................................................................................................................... 55 Literaturverzeichnis..................................................................................................... 57 Anhang ....................................................................................................................... 64

This paper examines the major potential drivers of five international real estate markets with a focus on pushing versus pulling effects. Using a quantile regression approach for the period 2000-2015 we examine the coefficients during three different market conditions: downward (bearish), normal (median) and upward (bullish). Using monthly data we look at five of the larger securitized property markets, namely, the US, UK, Australia, Singapore and Hong Kong. We find inconclusively that stock market volatility, as measured by the pushing factor VIXS&P500, best informs property market returns during bearish market environment. We also find that our pulling factors, money supply, treasury yields and unemployment presents theoretically grounded results in most cases with the expected signage. However, compared to the volatility index, pulling factors are not as uniformly suited for informing property market returns during bearish markets. We also find a range of insignificant results, which might be indicative of a suboptimal model specification and/or choice of estimation method.

<p>I den här uppsatsen undersöks och utvärderas metoder för att beräkna indirekta socioekonomiska effekter till följd av transportinvesteringar. De projekt som ligger till grund för denna jämförelse finns på gemensam europeisk samt på nationell nivå. Projekten har använt sig antingen av kvantitativ analys, i form av multikriterieanalys alternativt cost-benefit analys, eller av kvalitativ analys, för att utvärdera effekterna. Slutsatserna består i att det är svårt att beräkna dessa effekter och att det därför är viktigt att metoden speglar den underliggande informationen. En verbal metod som speglar osäkerheten är ofta att föredra framför en metod som presenterar exakta monetära mått trots att den underliggande informationen är osäker.</p>