Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-10-11T11:55:21Z No. of bitstreams: 1 carolinapeixotobarros.pdf: 1556522 bytes, checksum: 48ebae7ed2cb7b9a4e679244852de989 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-10-11T15:58:02Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 carolinapeixotobarros.pdf: 1556522 bytes, checksum: 48ebae7ed2cb7b9a4e679244852de989 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-11T15:58:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 carolinapeixotobarros.pdf: 1556522 bytes, checksum: 48ebae7ed2cb7b9a4e679244852de989 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-10-06 / O objetivo deste estudo é contribuir para o preenchimento da lacuna que existe nos estudos linguísticos no Brasil a respeito de discurso reportado, uma vez que há poucas pesquisas com dados reais de fala, principalmente no contexto institucional, em particular nas situações de conflito. Para tanto, encontramos suporte teórico em uma perspectiva interacional em Linguística (GUMPERZ, 1999; COUPER-KUHLEN; SELTING, 2001; SILVEIRA, 2008) para investigar o uso do discurso reportado pelas partes – reclamados e reclamantes – de audiências de conciliação do PROCON (Procuradoria de Proteção e Defesa do Consumidor) de uma cidade mineira. Procuramos focalizar a identificação da função argumentativa, as estratégias de trabalho de face e os footings assumidos pelos participantes no uso de discurso reportado como um tipo de demonstração (CLARK; GERRIG, 1990). O embasamento teórico para o estudo da função argumentativa está principalmente na pesquisa de Schiffrin (1987), para o de trabalho de face Penman (1990) e Silveira e Gago (2005) e para o de footings Goffman (1998). A pesquisa é de natureza qualitativa, tendo sido usados os seguintes instrumentos para geração dos dados: gravações em áudio e transcrição destas gravações. Em um primeiro momento, examinamos as principais funções argumentativas que o discurso reportado apresenta na fala dos participantes – reclamantes e reclamados – de uma audiência de conciliação do PROCON. Posteriormente, focalizamos na análise das estratégias de trabalho de face; no discurso reportado como um tipo de demonstração; e, por último, nos footings assumidos pelas partes ao produzirem o fenômeno estudado. Os resultados indicaram que reclamados e reclamantes usam o discurso reportado para apresentar e sustentar seus pontos de vista. As partes litigantes, ao produzirem discurso reportado usam estratégias de trabalho de face para proteger sua própria face e ameaçar a do outro. Os resultados sugeriram, ainda, que o discurso reportado em nosso contexto de pesquisa também é um tipo de demonstração, ou seja, é usado para encenar os contextos e ações reportadas. Finalmente, a análise nos mostrou que reclamados e reclamantes animam a própria voz e a de outrem, via discurso reportado, para sinalizar seu (des-)alinhamento à situação reportada. / This study has as objective contribute for the fill of the gap that exists in the linguistic studies in Brazil regarding reported speech, since there are just few researches involving real speech data, mainly in institutional contexts, especially in the conflict situations. For theoretical purposes, we found support in an interactional perspective in Linguistics (GUMPERZ, 1999; COUPER-KUHLEN; SELTING, 2001; SILVEIRA, 2008) to investigate the use of reported speech by the parts - complainants and complainers - in the conciliation hearing on the PROCON (Department for Consumer Protection and Defense) of a city from Minas Gerais. We tried to focus the identification of the argumentative function, the strategies of facework and the footings assumed by the participants in the use of reported speech as a demonstration type (CLARK; GERRIG, 1990). The theoretical basis for the study of the argumentative function is mainly in the research of Schiffrin (1987), for the one of facework Penman (1990) and Silveira and Gago (2005) and for the one of footings Goffman (1998). The research is of qualitative nature and the following instruments were used to generate the data: audio recordings and transcription of these recordings. At first, we examined the main argumentative functions that the reported speech presents in the participants' speech - complainers and complainants - in a conciliation hearing at PROCON. Later, we focus in the analysis of the strategies of facework, on the reported speech as a type of demonstration and on the footings assumed by the parts to when they produce the studied phenomenon. The results indicated that complainants and complainers use the reported speech to present and to sustain their point of view. The litigant parts, in producing reported speech, use strategies of facework to protect their own face and to threaten the face of the other part. The results suggested, still, that the reported speech in our research context is also a type of demonstration, in other words, it is used to stage the contexts and reported actions. Finally, the analysis showed us that complainants and complainers encourage the own voice and the one of somebody else, through reported speech, to signal yours (mis-)alignment to the reported situation.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the reactions people experienced when engaged in extended eye contact with a stranger. Artist Marina Abramović and an organization entitled The Liberators International have demonstrated a spectrum of reactions, many emotionally-charged, that have occurred from the opportunity to sit across from and gaze into the eyes of a stranger. Current research on eye contact has been predominantly quantitative, with no available research that qualitatively investigates the scenario in focus. The design of this study involved interviewing 35 people who participated in "The World’s Biggest Eye Contact Experiment," where individuals paired with a partner and gazed into each other's eyes for one minute. The data revealed a significant overlap between negative and positive face, where individuals sought out the experience in order to exceed their comfort zones and to foster connections with other people. Participants reported feeling a sense of vulnerability, which was attributed to civil inattention and the simultaneous threat to and expansion of negative face.

This thesis investigates the use of the pragmatic particles (PPs) 'enfin' and 'écoute' in French film dialogue, and their translations in British English subtitles. Using a corpus of nine films and eight episodes drawn from two television series – all released in the UK between 2005 and 2015, and equating to approximately twenty-two hours – the study identifies tokens across a much wider range of contexts than has previously been possible using traditional corpora. The main contribution is an analysis of PP functions. The results for 'enfin' show a different functional distribution of the particle to other corpora, with corrective 'enfin' occurring significantly less frequently. The relatively large number of tokens of performative and emotional (or affective) 'enfin' allows for an elaboration of these two categories, and a tendency is observed for 'enfin' to appear as an apparent disagreement mitigator in discussions between peers. With regard to 'écoute', it is argued that écoute1 functions as a face-threat mitigator in unequal relationships and écoute2 as an FTA, although the particle is multifunctional and some tokens exhibit characteristics of both categories. Attention is given to combinations of 'enfin' and 'écoute' with other particles: while there is a clear tendency for disagreement-mitigating 'enfin' to co-occur with 'mais', and for the precision and restrictive subcategories of the corrective to co-occur with 'je veux dire', other previously documented combinations ('enfin bon' and 'ben écoute') are not frequently occurring in the present corpus. The thesis also makes a significant contribution to the field of Audiovisual Translation (AVT). The English subtitles show high rates of omission for both particles consistent with previous research, with disagreement-mitigating 'enfin' particularly vulnerable to omission. However, the analysis reveals a surprising pattern regarding 'écoute': a clear division of labour between ‘look’ (used to translate more confrontational tokens) and ‘listen’ (more conciliatory and socially distant). The study includes an experimental analysis of the subtitles relative to their character limits, demonstrating a potential new approach for researchers wishing to investigate the impact of various subtitling constraints.

JAMISON, Kaline Girão. Movimentos de empatia no discurso da violência conjugal: uma análise linguístico-cognitiva no enquadre comunicativo dos boletins de ocorrência. 2015. 215f. – Tese (Doutorado) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Departamento de Letras Vernáculas, Programa de Pós-graduação em Linguística, Fortaleza (CE), 2015. / Submitted by Márcia Araújo (marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2015-04-15T12:59:31Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_tese_kgjamison.pdf: 1608132 bytes, checksum: 2e6db0e3a8af16f073b636333522a11d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Márcia Araújo(marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2015-04-15T14:35:53Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_tese_kgjamison.pdf: 1608132 bytes, checksum: 2e6db0e3a8af16f073b636333522a11d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-15T14:35:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_tese_kgjamison.pdf: 1608132 bytes, checksum: 2e6db0e3a8af16f073b636333522a11d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / This study investigates the phenomenon of empathy in recorded police reports of four female victims of intimate partner violence, who went to a local Police Station for Women, located in Fortaleza, Ceará. The aim of this study is to observe and analyze the emergence of empathic indication provided by the participants, from the perspective of functions of empathy (MARTINOVSKY; MAO, 2009). For this, we assessed how these women perform their face work (GOFFMAN, 1967) through the emotive communication devices (CAFFI; JANNEY, 1994; CAFFI, 2007) and cognitive mechanisms linguistic (LAFOFF; JOHNSON, 1980; LAKOFF, 1987; JOHNSON 1987) as strategies for interactional engagement, mitigation and the building of multidirectional dynamic empathy movements. We adopted Conversation Analysis to analyze the four interactions, which were subdivided into discursive topics, in order to facilitate the identification of empathy movements, as well as face preservation and face protection of the participants. We also performed a statistical frequency test, named chi-square, to see if there were any statistically significant difference in empathic surfacing and in face work demonstrations between the group of women who wanted to take legal action against their abusers ("offensive empathy") and the other group who had no such interest ("defensive empathy"). We found a difference in the number of occurrences of empathic movements and actions of face preservation and face protection between the groups of "offensive empathy" and "defensive empathy", which was confirmed by the following result, obtained from a chi-squared test; X² = 4.00; df = 1; p <0.05. We perceived that the "defensive empathy" group demonstrated higher index of empathic movements in relation to the "Offensive empathy". We observed that the "defensive empathy" group presented a more significant level of empathic movements in relation to "offensive empathy" one. Yet, we found that, in this discursive event, detected empathy movements are dynamic and occur in multi directions (from the victim to the offender and also from the police officer to the victim). We perceived that, although the production of police reports done in a Police Station for Women constitute a structured and well define discourse event, face preservation and protection could be seen as propellers for actions that indicate the empathy surfacing. In addition, we observed that the cognitive linguistic mechanisms play an important role in building empathic elicitation strategies. / Este trabalho tem como objeto de estudo o fenômeno da empatia nos relatos verbais de quatro vítimas de violência conjugal no momento da confecção de boletins de ocorrência em uma Delegacia Especializada em Atendimento às Mulheres, em Fortaleza, Ceará. O objetivo desse estudo é observar e analisar a emergência de indícios empáticos fornecidos pelas participantes, na perspectiva das funções de empatia (MARTINOVSKY; MAO, 2009). Para isso, procuramos verificar como essas mulheres utilizam o trabalho de elaboração de faces (GOFFMAN, 1967), os dispositivos emotivos da comunicação (CAFFI; JANNEY, 1994, CAFFI, 2007) e mecanismos linguístico-cognitivos (LAKOFF; JOHNSON, 1980; LAKOFF, 1987, JOHNSON, 1987), como estratégias de envolvimento, de atenuação de seu dizer e de construção de movimentos empáticos dinâmicos e multidirecionais. Adotamos a Análise da Conversação para analisar as quatro interações, as quais foram subdividas em tópicos discursivos, a fim de facilitar a identificação da emergência de movimentos empáticos, assim como dos trabalhos de preservação e proteção de face das participantes. Também realizamos um teste de frequência estatístico, o Qui-quadrado para averiguar se havia diferença estatística significativa na emergência empática e nas manifestações de elaboração de faces entre o grupo de mulheres que desejavam requer medidas legais contra seus agressores (“empatia ofensiva”) e as que não tinham esse interesse (“empatia defensiva”). Verificamos uma diferença no número de ocorrências de movimentos empáticos e de ações de preservação e proteção de faces entre os grupos de “empatia ofensiva” e “empatia defensiva”, que foi confirmada pelo seguinte resultado, obtido a partir do teste estatístico de frequência do Qui-quadrado: X²=4,00; df=1; p<0,05. Percebemos que o grupo “empatia defensiva” apresentou um índice maior de movimentos empáticos em relação ao grupo “empatia ofensiva”. Verificamos ainda que, nesse evento discursivo, os movimentos empáticos detectados são dinâmicos e ocorrem multidirecionalmente (da vítima ao agressor e também da escrivã à vítima). Constatamos que, embora a confecção de boletins de ocorrência em DEAM se constitua um evento discursivo de natureza estruturada e bem definida, trabalhos de preservação de faces podem ser observados como propulsores de movimentos que indiciam a emergência empática. Além disso, observamos que a recursos cognitivos exercem um importante papel na construção de estratégias de elicitação empática.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-05-09T19:47:42Z No. of bitstreams: 1 simonemullercosta.pdf: 871377 bytes, checksum: bfe602e84b905f2682ee939e457ca383 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-06-07T16:00:41Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 simonemullercosta.pdf: 871377 bytes, checksum: bfe602e84b905f2682ee939e457ca383 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-07T16:00:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 simonemullercosta.pdf: 871377 bytes, checksum: bfe602e84b905f2682ee939e457ca383 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-19 / Neste trabalho, investigamos a relação entre humor, im/polidez, trabalho de face e papéis em episódios do programa “Quatro em Campo”. Esse é um programa de rádio, exibido de segunda a sexta, pela rádio CBN e tem como foco discutir futebol. O programa tem o formato de uma mesa redonda, com um apresentador/mediador e três apresentadores/comentaristas. Embora o foco do programa seja futebol, muitas vezes, surgem provocações humorísticas, que podem atacar tanto aspectos da vida pessoal quanto profissional dos participantes. A literatura estudada aponta que sempre houve dificuldades em definir humor e, que, por isso, a primeira Teoria do Humor só surgiu em 1985 (RASKIN, 1985). Mais recentemente, alguns autores (NORRICK (1993); HOLMES (2000)) têm buscado definir o humor em situaçãoes reais de interação, considerando, principalmente, a forma como o alvo reage aos supostos enunciados humorísticos. Attardo (1994) defende que a provocação é um tipo de humor que traz em si um elemento de “crítica” e se realiza com a presença do alvo da crítica na interação. Assim, por ter se mostrado recorrente em nossos dados, o nosso foco de análise serão as provocações. Deste modo, adotando uma perspectiva relacional em estudos do discuro e uma abordagem interpretativista em análise de dados, buscamos verificar: os papéis que caracterizam/constituem o tipo de atividade analisada (Quatro em Campo); a relação entre humor e trabalho de face; e como as provocações emergem e são negociadas no discurso. A análise desses dados mostra que, nesse contexto, as provocações emergem, principalmente, quando um comentário esportivo gera algum tipo de desacordo/dissenso entre os participantes. Com essas provocações, busca-se uma mudança do enquadre que está sendo dado ao tópico em curso. Entretanto, essa mudança depende da forma como os alvos das provocações as recebem. Notou-se que há uma relação entre a forma como os participantes reagem às provocações e o papel que eles assumem, por exemplo, se o de comentarista esportivo ou de torcedor. De forma geral, o uso do humor se mostrou ambivalente, produzindo, ao mesmo tempo, afastamento e aproximação entre os interactantes. / In this paper, we investigate the relationship between humor, im/politeness, facework and roles in episodes of the program “Quatro em Campo”. It`s a radio program, aired from Monday to Friday by CBN radio and it focuses discussions about soccer. The program is shaped as a round table, with a presenter/facilitator and three presenters/commentators. Although the program`s focuses, as it`s said, is soccer, many times, emerge humorous provocations. The literature has sowed that there have always been difficulties in defining humor and so the first Theory of Humor was built only in 1985 (RASKIN, 1985). More recently, some authors (NORRICK (1993); HOLMES (2000)) has been sought to define humor in real situations of interaction. Attardo (1994) argues that provocation is a type of humour which brings in it a critical element and it is done in the target`s of criticism presence. So, considering the fact that provocations have showed be recurring in our data, our anlysis focus will be provocations. Thus, adopting a relational perspective in the discourse studies and a interpretative approach to data analysis, we seek to ascertain: the roles which characterize/ constitute the type of activity analyzed (Quatro em Campo); the relationship between humor and facework; and how the provocations emerge and how they are managed in the discourse. The analysis of data shows that, in this context, the provocations emerge, mainly, when a sporting commentary generates some kind of disagreement or dissent among the participants. With these provocations, the participants seek a change in the frame wich has being given to the current topic. However, this change depends on how the provocations` target receive them. It`s been noted that there is a relation between the way how participants react to provocations and the role they assume, for example, if it is the commentator role or the fan role. Moreover, in a general way, the use of humor has showed to be ambivalent, producing, at the same time, separation and connection among interactants.

This paper focuses on facework used by the invited guests in a broadcasted debate. The purpose of this analysis is to investigate how the invited guests use facework and how the guest relate to their functional role within the debate. The aim is also to investigate how the phases of the debate regulate the facework used by the guests. The analysis is based on transcrition and videomaterial from one of Sweden’s most viewed debates, Opinion Live. Conversation analysis (CA) is part of the theoretical framework used to analyse support, interruption and conversation turns. To analyze facework this paper relies on Goffman’s theory of face and Muntigl &amp; Turnbull’s four types of disagreement acts in facework and arguing. Brown &amp; Levinson’s politeness theory has also been used to investigate facework and strategies. In addition, Svensson’s definition of the debate’s specific roles within the format has also been used. The results show that facework has two purposes. The first is that it is used to defend the guest’s own face. The other purpose is to attack other guest’s faces which implies that their functional roles in the debate are being challenged. The results also points towards that the structure of the conversation in the debate itself influence the types of facework used by the guests.

Costume play (i.e. cosplay) is a performance of fandom rife with rituals and communication practices. Cosplay roleplaying performances are cultural practices that reveal how cosplayers interact with one another and among non-cosplaying members of their fandoms. This study examines the expectations that cosplayers hold for roleplay, the forms of roleplay, and the ways in which roleplay can become an instigator of harassment. Through the lens of Face-Negotiation Theory, the author discusses how roleplay functions to maintain or threaten the public images of cosplayers and their audiences, and what strategies cosplayers implement to avoid the loss of face.

This study examines levels of politeness in real time instructor responses to classroom incivility behaviors. Student participants were randomly assigned to view a video of an instructor responding to either passive or active student incivility behaviors in various ways. The responses were based on politeness theory conceptualizations of avoidance, mid-level politeness, or bald on record responses. A 2 (i.e., passive, active student incivility) x 3 (i.e., avoidance, mid-level, or bald on record instructor response) experimental design formed six conditions. High quality video simulations of a classroom environment, portraying one of the six conditions, were created to specifically address these dimensions. Participants took a web based survey and evaluated the instructor with respect to effectiveness, credibility, and impact on student motivation. Results demonstrate students had most positive responses to bald on record instructor responses to active student incivility. When responding to passive student incivility, a less harsh response (i.e., avoidance, mid-level), while not significantly different from a bald on record response, indicate better outcomes. Therefore, in accordance with politeness theory, instructors should consider the level of imposition created by uncivil student behavior when calibrating responses, as student perceptions can be greatly affected. Theoretical and practical considerations as well as avenues for future research are presented.

Le sujet de ce mémoire émane d’une volonté d’intégrer la recherche à ma réalité organisationnelle, celle des Forces canadiennes (FC). De cette aspiration est née l’idée d’étudier comment se dévoilent la face et la figuration lors de l’instruction de base. Partant d’une approche interactionniste, l’attention a été portée sur la face et la figuration d’un stagiaire au cours de trois interactions avec ses supérieurs. C’est plus précisément, la filature et l’analyse de conversation qui ont été mobilisées pour examiner cette problématique. La pertinence de la démarche est qu'elle met de l'avant une perspective de recherche peu présente dans la littérature, mais surtout, qu’elle s’insère dans un contexte organisationnel méconnu. L'entreprise vise d’une part, à nourrir la théorie en raffinant des concepts existants : la face et la figuration. D’autre part, elle cherche à éclairer la pratique en mettant en évidence des actes communicationnels difficilement observables dans le cadre habituel des activités militaires. / The subject of this thesis originates from a desire to integrate my research with my personal experience with the Canadian Forces (CF). As a result, I had the idea to study how face and facework emerge during basic training. Taking a communicative/interactional approach, I focused on the facework of a student during three interactions with his superiors. Specifically, I used shadowing and conversation analysis (CA) to examine this issue. This project offers important contributions to a topic that has not yet been addressed from the perspective I develop in this study, and few studies have looked at this topic in the context of the CF. Hence, this study aims to enrich theory by refining the concepts of face and facework. In addition, is aims to inform practice by highlighting communicative practices that are difficult to observe in the ordinary course of military activities.

Le sujet de ce mémoire émane d’une volonté d’intégrer la recherche à ma réalité organisationnelle, celle des Forces canadiennes (FC). De cette aspiration est née l’idée d’étudier comment se dévoilent la face et la figuration lors de l’instruction de base. Partant d’une approche interactionniste, l’attention a été portée sur la face et la figuration d’un stagiaire au cours de trois interactions avec ses supérieurs. C’est plus précisément, la filature et l’analyse de conversation qui ont été mobilisées pour examiner cette problématique. La pertinence de la démarche est qu'elle met de l'avant une perspective de recherche peu présente dans la littérature, mais surtout, qu’elle s’insère dans un contexte organisationnel méconnu. L'entreprise vise d’une part, à nourrir la théorie en raffinant des concepts existants : la face et la figuration. D’autre part, elle cherche à éclairer la pratique en mettant en évidence des actes communicationnels difficilement observables dans le cadre habituel des activités militaires. / The subject of this thesis originates from a desire to integrate my research with my personal experience with the Canadian Forces (CF). As a result, I had the idea to study how face and facework emerge during basic training. Taking a communicative/interactional approach, I focused on the facework of a student during three interactions with his superiors. Specifically, I used shadowing and conversation analysis (CA) to examine this issue. This project offers important contributions to a topic that has not yet been addressed from the perspective I develop in this study, and few studies have looked at this topic in the context of the CF. Hence, this study aims to enrich theory by refining the concepts of face and facework. In addition, is aims to inform practice by highlighting communicative practices that are difficult to observe in the ordinary course of military activities.