Increasingly individuals are coming into contact with the criminal justice system. For millions of Americans this contact is mediated by the victimization or offense of a loved one. This study focused on exploring what the family members of victims and offenders identify as their needs and concerns in relation to the criminal justice system, assessing if the system is effective in addressing these needs and concerns, and understanding how these families' lives are shaped by interaction with the system. Grounded theory method was used to analyze the narratives posted on two on-line message boards, one for victims' families and one for offenders' families. The results from this study suggest that both groups express the same frustrations and concerns about the criminal justice system, and that both groups develop similar coping strategies to assist them in negotiating the system after initial incarceration or victimization.

Abstract Introduction: Vietnam has one of the fastest growing HIV- epidemics in the world. In Vietnam the primary caregivers are the family. Aim:  The aim was to examine caregiver burden and need of support among family members of persons living with HIV [PLHIV] in Ho Chi Minh City, and also to investigate the differences in these matters between genders. Method:  A descriptive cross-sectional study with quantitative method was used. The study was carried out at the Hospital of Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam where people living with HIV are treated. A convenience sample was used. Seventy one of 87 questionnaires were completed. Result: The largest groups reported “mild to moderate” (35%) and moderate to severe” (42%) caregiver burden. The caregivers felt that they should do more for their relative and a better job in caring for them. They also expressed that the financial situation added to the burden. The needs of support most requested were economic support, knowledge about caring, and mental support to cope. Concerning caregiver burden scale only one significant difference was found, male participants found it more embarrassing to have friends over than female participants. High caregiver burden was strongly associated with depression (p=0.00). Conclusion: High caregiver burden and feeling of depression was strongly associated. The caregivers of PLHIV are in need of different kinds of support to cope with their situation. Intervention including care plan should be given to caregivers to minimize risk of burden and depression and increase their quality of life. / Sammanfattning Introduktion: Vietnam har en av de snabbaste växande HIV-epidemierna i världen. De primära vårdgivarna vid sjukdom är familjemedlemmar. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att undersöka känslan av vårdgivarbelastning hos familjemedlemmar till personer som lever med HIV när de vårdar sin anhörig och vilka stödinsatser de behöver. Vidare var syftet att se om några skillnader mellan män och kvinnor föreligger. Metod: En deskriptiv tvärsnitts studie med en kvantitativ metod användes. Studien genomfördes på Hospital of Tropical Diseases i Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Ett bekvämlighets urval användes. Sjuttioen av 87 enkäter var fullständigt ifyllda och användes för analys. Resultat:Den största delen av deltagarna upplevde ”mild till lindrig” (35%) och ”lindrig till svår” (42%) belastning. Familjevårdgivarna kände att de skulle vilja göra mer för sin anhörig och vårda dem på ett bättre sätt. De uttryckte också att den svåra ekonomiska situationen ökade belastningen. Stödinsatser som efterfrågades mest var ekonomiskt stöd, kunskap om hur man vårdar och mentalt stöd för att klara av situationen som vårdgivare. Gällande vårdgivarbelastning fanns en signifikant skillnad, män var mer generade än kvinnor när de hade besök av vänner. Hög vårdgivarbelastning var starkt associerad med känslan av depression (p=0.000). Slutsats: Hög vårdgivarbelastning och känslan av depression var starkt associerade. Vårdgivarna är i behov av stödinsatser av olika slag för att klara av sin situation. Åtgärder som inkluderar en omvårdnadsplan skulle kunna erbjudas till vårdgivarna för att minimera risken av vårdgivar- belastning, depression och öka deras livskvalité.

Bakgrund: Sveriges befolkning blir i dag äldre och antalet äldre som behöver palliativ vård ökar. Då en äldre familjemedlem vårdas palliativt förändras livet runtomkring denne. Eftersom närstående ofta är involverade i denna vård krävs det mycket av dessa när det kommer till anpassningen till den nya situationen. Syfte: Att beskriva närståendes erfarenheter av att vårda äldre familjemedlemmar palliativt Metod: Metoden som använts är en litteraturbaserad studie, där nio vetenskapliga artiklar analyserats och sammanställts. Resultat: Närståendes förutsättningar för att orka ge god vård och vara delaktiga var att det fanns ett samspel, en god kommunikation och stöd av vårdpersonalen. Vid brist på detta upplevdes känslor av maktlöshet och ensamhet. Vårdinsatser av närstående resulterade i att de kände sig isolerade och de kände ett ansvar för familjemedlemmarnas vård vilket påverkade dem fysiskt och psykiskt. Vårdandet väckte existentiella frågor och en rädsla för att bli ensam. Döden kunde kännas som en befrielse när den önskades av familjemedlemmarna. Slutsats: För att kunna stödja närstående på bästa sätt behöver sjuksköterskor vara lyhörda för vilket behov av stöd som varje enskild närstående behöver.

Gauti rezultatai parodė, kad slaugomų sunkai sergančių asmenų ir jų artimųjų gyvenimo kokybė pasižymi tam tikromis ypatybėmis, tačiau slaugymo procesas, kaip veikla, nėra pagrindinis veiksnys, keičiantis gyvenimo kokybę. / Quality of live is individual evaluation of the status of very persons based on the ground of system of culture influenced by physical, psychological health, level of its independence and by communication between the persons and environment.

Due to the profound impact that aphasia has on both the person with aphasia and their close family members, aphasia is a family problem. Aphasia is a communication disorder, most commonly caused by stroke. It is associated with impairments in spoken language, understanding, reading, and writing that impact upon daily activities, participation in society, and the quality of life of those with the condition and their family members. However, family-centred rehabilitation programs, policy, and funding are not well established. In the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF), the World Health Organization introduced the term “third-party disability” and identified the need for further investigation into family members’ functioning and disability in relation to a significant other’s health condition. In this thesis, the term “third-party functioning” is used to describe positive and/or neutral changes to a family member’s functioning as a consequence of a significant other’s health condition; “third-party disability” describes negative changes. The overall aims of this thesis are to: i) describe third-party functioning and disability in family members of people with aphasia post-stroke, and ii) develop the Significant other Scale for family members of people with Aphasia (SOS-Aphasia), a scale for measuring third-party functioning and third-party disability in this population. Two systematic reviews were conducted to provide a summary of the current literature related to family members’ third-party functioning and third-party disability secondary to aphasia. Positive/neutral and negative findings were extracted from included articles, then synthesized and mapped to the ICF. These reviews showed that family members experienced third-party functioning and third-party disability secondary to aphasia in the Body Functions and Activities and Participation components of the ICF, in addition to the development and exacerbation of health conditions. The results laid the groundwork for the qualitative-quantitative sequential mixed methods study that followed. In the first phase of the study, qualitative methods were used to explore the positive and negative effects of aphasia on family members, thus expanding and confirming our existing understanding of third-party functioning and third-party vii  disability. Twenty family members participated in individual in-depth semi-structured interviews, which were analysed using qualitative content analysis with research codes subsequently mapped to the ICF. The results revealed five categories of positive/neutral aphasia-related changes, including: (1) emotions (e.g., focusing on the positive); (2) communication (e.g., talking to the person with aphasia more); (3) relationships (e.g., making new friends); (4) recreational activities and social life (e.g., taking up new hobbies); and (5) paid/volunteer work or education (e.g., volunteering to help people with aphasia). In addition, seven categories that described the negative effects of aphasia on family members were revealed: (1) physical, mental, and emotional health (e.g., tired); (2) communication (e.g., difficulty communicating with the person with aphasia); (3) relationships (e.g., lack of physical intimacy between spouses); (4) recreational activities and social life (e.g., restricted social activities); (5) paid/volunteer work or education (e.g., took extended time off work); (6) domestic and caregiving responsibilities (e.g., transporting the person with aphasia places); and (7) finances (e.g., loss of person with aphasia’s income). Research codes were mapped to two domains within the Body Functions component (i.e., Mental functions and Functions of the digestive, metabolic and endocrine systems) and eight domains within Activities and Participation components of the ICF (i.e., Learning and applying knowledge, General tasks and demands, Communication, Self-care, Domestic life, Interpersonal interactions and relationships, Major life areas, and Community, social and civic life). Health conditions (e.g., depression and anxiety) associated with the aphasia of a significant other were also identified in family members. Mapping of the qualitative research codes to the ICF demonstrated how the ICF framework could be applied to family members. The second phase of the study involved the development and validation of the SOS-Aphasia. The SOS-Aphasia items were derived from the constructs of third- party functioning and third-party disability identified in the qualitative study and the response scale format was based on the ICF. Following the development of the SOS- Aphasia, 104 family members completed the original 34-item version. Factor analysis and Rasch analysis were used to examine the underlying structure and internal construct validity of the SOS-Aphasia. Test-retest reliability and feasibility were also investigated. Based on the analysis, five SOS-Aphasia subscales were identified and viii 10 items marked for deletion. The revised 24-item SOS-Aphasia demonstrated preliminary evidence of good psychometric properties. In summary, this series of studies demonstrates that family members experience third-party functioning and third-party disability, as well as changes to their health, secondary to a significant other’s aphasia. In addition, the SOS-Aphasia shows validity and reliability in measuring third-party functioning and third-party disability. Together, these findings provide the motivation for the inclusion of family members of people with aphasia in a family-centred care model with implications for research, practice, and policy.

Background: In Havana, Cuba, they have established a great availability of health centers that work close to the patients and their families, both geographically and socially. Family-centered nursing is something that is sought within the health care in the Western world. Numerous studies have shown that family-centered nursing increases patient safety and patient satisfaction and to provide psychological support to family members has shown to contribute to a better well-being to both them and the patient. Aim: To describe nurses’ experiences of involving family members in home-based care provided through consultorios in Havana, Cuba. Method: A qualitative study was completed with semi-structured interviews with five nurses that was currently working or had been working at consultorios in Havana, Cuba. Analysis was done according to qualitative content analysis based on the approach presented by Graneheim and Lundman. Results: The data resulted in two main-themes. The family members were presented as informants to the nurses, psychological support to the patients and as an asset to the nurse. The nurses further explained the importance of seeing the whole picture of their patient’s situation, how they educate family members to be involved in the care and how they support the family members psychologically. Discussion: The nurses’ experience of family members' role and their work to involve them was discussed in relation to previous research and the concept of family-centered care as presented by Benzein, Hagberg and Saveman. / Bakgrund: I Havanna, Kuba, har de upprättat en stor tillgänglighet av sjukvårdsinstanser och hälsocenter som arbetar nära patienterna och deras familjer, både geografiskt och socialt, så kallade consultorios. Familjecentrerad omvårdnad är något som eftersträvas inom sjukvård i västvärlden. Ett flertal studier har visat att familjecentrerad omvårdnad ökat patientsäkerheten och patientens tillfredställelse av vården och att psykologiskt stöd för anhöriga bidrar till en bättre hälsa både för dem och patienten. Syfte: Att beskriva sjuksköterskors erfarenheter av att involvera familjemedlemmar i hemsjukvård som bedrivs utifrån consultorios i Havanna, Kuba. Metod: En kvalitativ studie med semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes och fem sjuksköterskor som arbetade eller har arbetat på consultorios i Havanna, Kuba, deltog. Resultatet bearbetades utifrån kvalitativ innehållsanalys baserad på den strategi som beskrivits av Graneheim och Lundman. Resultat: I resultatet framkom två huvudteman. Familjemedlemmarna presenterades dels som informanter men också som en tillgång i sjuksköterskans arbete samt som ett psykologiskt stöd till patienterna. Vidare berättade sjuksköterskorna vikten av att se hela bilden av deras patienters situation, hur de utbildar familjemedlemmar i omvårdnaden och hur de stödjer familjemedlemmar psykologiskt. Diskussion: Sjuksköterskornas upplevelse av familjemedlemmars roll och deras arbete med att involvera dessa diskuterades i relation till tidigare forskning och begreppet familjecentrerad omvårdnad som det beskrivits av Benzein, Hagberg och Saveman.

No description available.

Since the introduction of the deinstitutionalisation policy in 1997 in South Africa, many families have agreed or have felt forced to take full responsibility of the care of their mentally ill family members. This impacted the lives of families because they were not well prepared for caring for their mentally ill family members. As a result of this, families were burdened, mentally ill family members defaulted treatment and ultimately revolving door admissions occurred. In spite of these concerns, some families do seem to cope with supporting their mentally ill family members. This makes it vital to explore and describe the strengths of families who take care of mentally ill family members in Potchefstroom, in the North West Province in order to formulate guidelines to support these families. A qualitative, explorative, descriptive and contextual design was employed to understand what strengths families have to support their mentally ill family members. Purposive sampling was used to select potential participants. Unstructured individual interviews with an open-ended question were conducted with nine participants after ethical approval was granted under the RISE study (Strengthening the Resilience of Health Caregivers and Risk Groups), and the permission of the North-West Provincial Department of Health, the psychiatric hospital where the data was collected and the family members of the mentally ill family members were obtained. Data were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. A consensus meeting was held between the researcher and the co-coder after they had analysed data independently to identify themes that emerged from the data. Twelve themes emerged from the data namely the strengths of getting the necessary treatment for the mentally ill family member, utilizing external resources, spirituality or faith, social support, supervising the mentally ill family member, finding ways to calm the mentally ill family member, explaining the importance of treatment to the mentally ill family member, finding ways to keep the mentally ill family member busy, trying to keep the mentally ill family member away from negative outside influences, trying creative ways to communicate with or understand the mentally ill family member, giving the mentally ill family member praise for doing something good or right and accepting the situation. From the findings, it is clear that the families do have strengths to support their mentally ill family members, although they seem to rely more on external than on internal strengths. From the findings, literature and conclusions of this study, recommendations were made for nursing practice, nursing research and nursing education, including guidelines to support families in their support of a mentally ill family member. / Thesis (MCur)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013.

Since the introduction of the deinstitutionalisation policy in 1997 in South Africa, many families have agreed or have felt forced to take full responsibility of the care of their mentally ill family members. This impacted the lives of families because they were not well prepared for caring for their mentally ill family members. As a result of this, families were burdened, mentally ill family members defaulted treatment and ultimately revolving door admissions occurred. In spite of these concerns, some families do seem to cope with supporting their mentally ill family members. This makes it vital to explore and describe the strengths of families who take care of mentally ill family members in Potchefstroom, in the North West Province in order to formulate guidelines to support these families. A qualitative, explorative, descriptive and contextual design was employed to understand what strengths families have to support their mentally ill family members. Purposive sampling was used to select potential participants. Unstructured individual interviews with an open-ended question were conducted with nine participants after ethical approval was granted under the RISE study (Strengthening the Resilience of Health Caregivers and Risk Groups), and the permission of the North-West Provincial Department of Health, the psychiatric hospital where the data was collected and the family members of the mentally ill family members were obtained. Data were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. A consensus meeting was held between the researcher and the co-coder after they had analysed data independently to identify themes that emerged from the data. Twelve themes emerged from the data namely the strengths of getting the necessary treatment for the mentally ill family member, utilizing external resources, spirituality or faith, social support, supervising the mentally ill family member, finding ways to calm the mentally ill family member, explaining the importance of treatment to the mentally ill family member, finding ways to keep the mentally ill family member busy, trying to keep the mentally ill family member away from negative outside influences, trying creative ways to communicate with or understand the mentally ill family member, giving the mentally ill family member praise for doing something good or right and accepting the situation. From the findings, it is clear that the families do have strengths to support their mentally ill family members, although they seem to rely more on external than on internal strengths. From the findings, literature and conclusions of this study, recommendations were made for nursing practice, nursing research and nursing education, including guidelines to support families in their support of a mentally ill family member. / Thesis (MCur)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013.

Närstående betraktas tillsammans med patienten att vara experter i patienternas livsomständigheter. Ett gott samarbete mellan psykiatrisjuksköterskan och närstående kan innebära flera fördelar för patienters mående. För att uppnå förbättrad samarbete med närstående är det av betydelse att få ta del av psykiatrisjuksköterskors erfarenheter av samarbete med närstående. Syfte: Syftet med pilotstudien var att belysa psykiatrisjuksköterskors erfarenheter av samarbete med närstående i psykiatrisk vård. Metod: Studien har en kvalitativ ansats. Data baseras på fyra intervjuer med psykiatrisjuksköterskor utifrån öppna frågor. Data har analyserats med kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultat: Studien resulterade i kategorierna: Möjligheter till samarbete, Ett väl fungerande samarbete och Utmaning till samarbete. Konklusion: Psykiatrisjuksköterskorna hade intresse för samarbete med närstående i psykiatrisk vård. Samarbete sågs som positivt i patientarbetet men var inte alltid möjligt att praktisera. Samarbete upplevdes underlätta patientarbetet och leda till förbättrad relation mellan närstående och patienten. Det fanns flera svårigheter som utgjordes som hinder till samarbete. För kvalitétsbättring krävs att verksamheten ger stöd i kompetenshöjning och har ett förhållningssätt som är riktad till samarbete med närstående. Resultatet kan ha betydelse i förbättringssyfte för att utveckla ett fungerande samarbete med närstående till patienter i den psykiatriska vården. / Family members and next of kin are a central and natural partner who, together with the patient, constitutes the most important experts in their life circumstances. Collaboration with family members may include prevention of illness, acceleration of recovery, shorter care time and fewer incisions for the relative with mental illness. Only a few studies describe the professionals´ perspective on collaboration with family members. Aim: The aim of the pilot study was to describe the psychiatric nurse's experiences of collaboration with family members in psychiatric care. Method: The study has a qualitative approach and data was based on four interviews with psychiatric nurses based on open questions. Data has been analyzed with qualitative content analysis. Result: The study resulted in the categories: Opportunities for collaboration, Experiences of working collaboration and Experiences of challenge for collaboration. Conclusion: Psychiatric nurses had an interest in collaboration with family members in psychiatric care. Collaboration was considered positive in patient work but was not always possible to practice. Collaboration was found to facilitate patient work and lead to improved relationships between family members and patient. There were several difficulties that constituted interference to collaboration. It requires that the psychiatric care unit provide support in raising competence and has an attitude aimed at collaboration with family members for quality improvement. The result may be important for improvement purposes in order to develop effective collaborative relationships with family members in psychiatric care.