Introdução: Os transtornos mentais, além de seus sinais e sintomas, por possuírem uma história de preconceito e descrédito, ainda hoje geram tanto nos doentes quanto nos que os cercam, dificuldades que interferem no seu cotidiano. Com o advento da Reforma Psiquiátrica, novos modelos de atenção foram criados estimulando a reinserção do doente na família e na sociedade. O CAPS surge então como um serviço que acolhe indivíduos com transtornos mentais, oferecendo atendimento terapêutico individual e em grupo, consulta médica e outras atividades. Os projetos terapêuticos individuais são voltados para o tratamento e para a reabilitação psicossocial, com iniciativas que incluem a família. Esperando contribuir para a atenção implementada pelos profissionais do serviço com elementos que possam orientar as intervenções, buscando maior eficácia e adesão aos tratamentos, este estudo teve por Objetivo caracterizar o perfil da população atendida no CAPS e as suas percepções da doença, tratamento e implicações psicossociais além de compreender como encaram sua convivência com a doença mental. Metodologia: Optou-se pela pesquisa descritiva, através da qual os dados foram coletados, analisados, classificados e interpretados. Foram entrevistados 65 pacientes e 53 familiares de pacientes em tratamento no CAPS de Pindamonhangaba, nos meses de setembro e outubro de 2008. Os instrumentos utilizados foram dois questionários com perguntas fechadas elaborados um para o paciente e outro para a família. A cada entrevistado eram explicados os objetivos da pesquisa, a forma como ela participaria do estudo, bem como o uso das informações por ela cedidas. Os dados coletados foram tabulados e os resultados foram submetidos à análise estatística comparando-se as posições dos usuários e de seus familiares frente ao cuidado relacionado aos aspectos clínicos, demográficos e do ambiente. Foram aplicados os Testes do Qui-quadrado (x2) e o de Fisher. A discussão teve por base a literatura sobre o tema. Dos pacientes, 80% tinham entre 31 e 60 anos e dos familiares, 75% apresentaram idade superior a 46 anos. Dois grupos de diagnóstico se destacaram: os esquizofrênicos e os portadores de transtorno bipolar. Um terço dos pacientes não souberam informar o próprio diagnóstico. Os familiares são constituídos em sua maioria por pais e irmãos de pacientes. Apesar de apresentarem bom nível escolar apenas 4 trabalham o que representa uma frustração para o paciente. Menos de um terço dos familiares trabalham e, mesmo assim, somente a metade participa de atividades do CAPS, especialmente reuniões de família e consultas médicas. As oficinas terapêuticas além de ajudar o paciente no processo de ressocialização e conhecimento da própria doença, servem para estabelecer vínculos e parcerias entre equipe, usuários e familiares. Mesmo a família considerando grande sua sobrecarga, sente-se otimista com relação ao futuro e satisfeita com a vida. O paciente mesmo tendo consciência de que a doença transformou seu cotidiano, também se sente otimista e satisfeito com a vida. Conclusões: Os transtornos mentais geram dificuldades nas relações pessoais e sociais, entretanto, observa-se nestas pessoas uma capacidade especial para enfrentar as adversidades, ser transformados por elas, e superá-las. / Introduction: Mental diseases, due to its symptoms, have a long history of prejudice and disbelief, and even today it brings difficulties to patients and people around them, interfering in their everyday life. With The Psychiatrist Reform, new approaches were created to stimulate the re-insertion of the patient into his family and society. So CAPS (a psychosocial care center) surges as a service that gathers individuals with mental diseases, offering them group and individual therapy assistance, medical help and etc. The individual therapeutic projects are about psychosocial treatment and rehabilitation, and it includes their family members. Hoping to contribute to this areas professionals with elements that may direct their interventions, and then result in a higher efficacy and acceptance to treatments, this study had the Objective of tracing the profile of people helped by CAPS and its psychosocial implications, treatment and perception of the disease, and also obtain an understanding of how they face and handle with their mental disease. Methodology Descriptive research was chosen, and so through this method data was collected, analyzed, classified and interpreted. 65 patients and 53 patients relatives being treated at CAPS in Pindamonhangaba were interviewed, during the months of September and October in 2008. Two questionnaires with closed questions were used as instruments for the research, being one formulated for the family and the other for the patient. For each interviewed person, the objective and the way the research would participate into the study was explained, as well as the use of the information obtained by it. The collected data was tabulated and the results were submitted to statistical analysis, observing the patients position and their relatives about clinical, environmental and demographic care. Fischer and chi-squared tests were applied, and the discussion had the literature of the theme as its basis. 80% of the patients were between 31 and 60 years old, and about the family members, 75% were older than 46 years old. Two groups were outlined: schizophrenic and bipolar. One third of the patients couldnt tell about their own diagnosis. The family members are mostly made of patients parents and siblings. Although they had good educational level, only four of them work, which is frustrating for them. Less than one third of the family members work, but only half participate in CAPS activities, especially family reunions and medical appointments. Therapeutic workshops not only help patients to get to know their illness and in their rehabilitation process but also make bonds and partnerships among the staff, patients and family members. Although the family feels the difficulties, looks at future in an optimistic way and is satisfied with life. Moreover patients are conscious about the big changes the disease brought into their lives; they also feel optimistic and satisfied. Conclusions: Mental diseases bring difficulties in social and individuals relationships. However, we could see in these people an extraordinary ability of facing and overcoming their adversities.

The objective of this thesis is to analyse the issues related to the legal status of family members of European Union citizens in light of European Union law, and to compare the rights of family members of EU citizens with the rights of the other third country nationals (further referred to as TCNs) and the EU citizens themselves. The first chapter deals with the institute of EU citizenship and especially stresses the importance of the right of EU citizens and their family members to move and reside freely within the territory of Member States which is connected with the status of an EU citizen. The second chapter is related to the different definitions of family members in EU secondary legislation. The third chapter examines in detail specific rights (e.g.: the right of entry and residence to the territory of the host Member State, protection against expulsion) which are connected with the status of the family member of EU citizens on the one hand and the status of the TCNs on the other hand. The thesis attempts to answer to the questions related to the legal status of family members and tries to suggest possible future adjustments of EU legislature.

Magister Artium (Social Work) - MA(SW) / The phenomenon juvenile delinquency is an enormous concern for communities in the ZFM district, Northern Cape, South Africa. Juvenile offences have increased since 2010 in this area. From existing theories, it is clear that the causes of this phenomenon are complex and interrelated. Some of these contributing factors are rooted in the character of the delinquent and his or her family. Other factors are peer, community or economic related. Against this background, it is clear that each community/area should be individually assessed concerning its contributing factors as these factors can differ from community to community, individual to individual and family to family. Thus, the research question: What are the psychosocial contributing factors of juvenile delinquency in the ZFM district, Northern Cape, South Africa? The research goal of this study was to determine the psychosocial factors contributing to juvenile delinquency in the ZFM region in the Northern Cape, South Africa. The objectives to arrive to the aim were to explore and describe the psychosocial factors contributing to juvenile delinquency in the ZFM region in the Northern Cape, South Africa and to make recommendations for interventions through probation services by probation officers and the Department of Social Development in the Northern Cape, South Africa. A qualitative approach was used, with an exploratory, descriptive design. Non- probability; purposive sampling was used to select probation officers from the Department of Social Development in the ZFM district in the Northern Cape. These Probation officers have each identified a parent of a juvenile in their caseloads. Because both parents of delinquents and probation officer’s perceptions are shaped by their own context, social constructivism was used as theoretical framework. Data was collected by semi-structured interviews with a checklist. The spiral for data analysis was used to analyse data, which was then clustered in themes, sub- themes and categories. Probation officers, participants identified a range of familial and community contributing factors to juvenile delinquency, and emphasises the interplay between these factors. Their also stressed the issue of parental control and guidance. Participants further indicated that harsh and ineffective parental discipline, lack of parental involvement, family conflict, child abuse and/or neglect and rejection by parents have also been identified as important factors related to delinquent behaviour. Another finding was that single parents, especially single mothers and the lack of a father figure are a great risk factor for juvenile delinquency. Parents also stressed the issue of their lack of control due to peer dependence and the juvenile’s involvement in alcohol and drugs. Probation officers also stressed the lack of parental involvement, continuous communication & parental guidance as some of the important contributing factors of delinquent behaviour amongst children. Parents also indicated a general lack of close relationship amongst family members, as well as emotional insecurity, and the inability to control their children. Both parents and probation officers agreed that peer pressure is a mayor risk factor concerning juvenile delinquency.

No description available.

Bakgrund: Stroke är en av vanligaste folksjukdomen i Sverige. Stroke är ett samlingsbegrepp för hjärnblödning och hjärninfarkt. Sjukdomen påverkar alla aspekter av livet, även anhöriga. I sjuksköterskans yrkesroll ingår att bidra med goda stöd och information till anhöriga samt etablera en relation som bygger på förtroende. Syfte: Att beskriva upplevelsen av att vara anhörig till en person som drabbas av stroke. Metod: En litteraturöversikt baserad på elva kvalitativa artiklar genomfördes enligt Fribergs metodbeskrivning. Sökning skedde genom databaserna CinahL och PubMed med sökord ”Stroke” Family” ”Caregivers” och ”Experience”. Analysarbetet resulterade i ett huvudtema ”Livet är förändrat” med fyra tillhörande subteman ”ett förändrat vardagsliv”, ”ett förändrat ansvarstagande”, ”ett förändrat Personligt liv” och ”ett förändrat hälsotisstånd”. Resultat: Resultaten visade att anhöriga upplevde förändringar i vardagsrutiner och hälsotisstånd. Utöver att de hade ett nytt ansvar som påverkade deras sociala liv. Anhöriga upplevde en känsla av oro, ansträngning att hålla samtidigt olika roller, upplevelse av isolering och förluster av sociala kontakter. Sammanfattning: Litteraturöversikt visade att anhöriga är i behov av hjälp och stöd. Anhörigas hälsa påverkas i stor utsträckning av de olika livsförändring och den nya vårdande rollen de antar. Därför bör sjukvårdspersonalen hitta strategier för att ge anhöriga det stöd som de behöver för att kunna känna sig trygga i den ny livssituation. / Background: Strokes is one of the most common endemic diseases in Sweden. Stroke is a collective term for cerebral hemorrhage and cardiac infarctions. The disease affects all aspects of life, as well as family members. The role of the nurse includes contributing with support and information to family members and establishing a relation that builds on trust. Aim: To describe the experience of being a family member to a person that has been affected by a stroke. Method: A literature review based on eleven qualitative articles was conducted according to Fribergs method description. The searches were made through the databases CinahL and Pubmed with the keywords” Stroke” Family”,” Caregivers” and” Experience”. The analysis work resulted in a main theme “Life is changed” and four sub-themes “a changed everyday life”, “a changed responsibility taking”, “a changed personal life” and “a changed state of health. Results: The results showed that family members experienced changes in daytoday routines and state of health. They had new responsibilities that affected their social lives. Family members also experienced feelings of worry, weariness to continuously hold different roles, experience of isolation and loss of social contacts. Conclusion: The literature review shows that relatives are in great need of help and support. The health of relatives is affected to a great extent by the different changes to their day to day lives which a stroke and the new caretaker role brings. Therefor the health care system needs to give relatives the support they need to be able to feel safe in their new life situation.

No description available.

Introduction and background: Family-centred care in the intensive care unit has increased steadily over the past three decades, based on the premise that the illness and health of an individual family member affects the whole family unit. Although widely researched there are still inconsistencies in implementing family-centred care, which influences the ability to transfer research findings into practice. Research has shown that recognising the role of family members in the critical care environment should be considered an essential component to caring for the critically ill patient. Although recommendations have been made for the implementation of familycentred care, it is not feasible for all recommendations to be adopted by nurses and healthcare professionals in a single ICU. Nurses and healthcare professionals need to customise strategies to an individual intensive care unit to improve family-centred care. Aim: The aim of the study was to explore and describe nurses, healthcare professionals and family members’ perceptions of family-centred care in the intensive care unit. Research design and methods: A quali-quanti research design was used. Participants included nurses, healthcare professionals and family members in the intensive care unit of a private hospital in Gauteng, South Africa. There were a total of sixty (60) participants who took part in the study. Nurses were selected using stratified random sampling, healthcare professionals were selected using total population sampling and family members were selected using purposive, maximum variation and convenience sampling. Data was collected over a period of one month by means of structured interviews using an associative group analysis technique. Participants were asked to write down free word associations in relation to the stimulus word “family-centred care” in order to explore and describe their perceptions of family-centred care in the intensive care unit as it is currently, as it could be in the “ideal world” and any gaps that exist around these perceptions. Results: Five themes were derived from the data: communication, environment, continuum of feelings, reflections and spiritual care. Conclusion: The implementation of family-centred care should involve all stakeholders in the intensive care unit in order to address inconsistencies in perceptions around family-centred care. Keywords: Associative group analysis, intensive care unit, family-centred care, healthcare professionals, nurses, perceptions, stakeholders / Dissertation (MNur)--University of Pretoria, 2019. / Nursing Science / MNur (Clinical) / Unrestricted

Background: Palliative care is aimed at relieving care, not curative care. Pediatric palliative carediffers from palliative care aimed at adults as the degree of maturity and insight of the child is crucial. Nurses working in pediatric palliative care find it emotionally difficult to support relatives. Aim: The aim was to investigate relatives' experiences of pediatric palliative care. Method: Literature study with a qualitative approach where data has been analyzed through Braun and Clarke's thematic analysis. The result is based on twelve articles. Results: Three themes were identified: need for support from the care team, to be the child's lawyer and a changed life situation. Relatives feel the need for supportive care with experienced healthcare professionals. During the pediatric palliative care, relatives feel the need to be the child's lawyer andclaim to know the child best. Relatives experience challenging emotions during the care period, which makes the situation more difficult. Summary: Lack of knowledge of caregivers affects the performance of an adapted care. This affects relatives' trust in the caregivers, which creates frustration among both relatives and caregivers. The frustration needs to be met with an understanding of the family's needs to adapt the care, which reduces relatives' feelings of being overlooked. The nurse is responsible for showing consideration forrelatives and therefore needs care in accordance with family-focused care. / Bakgrund: Palliativ vård syftar till lindrande vård, inte kurativ. Den pediatriska palliativa vården skiljer sig från den palliativa vården riktad till vuxna då mognadsgrad och insikt hos barnet är avgörande. Sjuksköterskor som arbetar med pediatrisk palliativ vård upplever det emotionellt svårt att stödja anhöriga. Syfte: Syftet var att undersöka anhörigas upplevelser av pediatrisk palliativ vård. Metod: Litteraturstudie med kvalitativ ansats där data har analyserats genom Braun och Clarkes tematiska analys. Resultatet är baserat på tolv artiklar. Resultat: Tre teman identifierades: Behov av stöd från vårdteamet, att vara barnets advokat och en förändrad livssituation. Anhöriga upplever behov av en stöttande vård med erfaren vårdpersonal. Under den pediatriska palliativa vården känner anhöriga behovet att vara barnets advokat samt påstår att dem känner barnet bäst. Anhöriga upplever utmanande känslor under vården vilket görsituationen svårare. Slutsats: Brist på kunskap hos vårdgivare påverkar utförandet av en anpassad vård. Detta påverkaranhörigas tillit till vårdgivarna vilket skapar en frustration hos både anhöriga och vårdgivare. Frustrationen behöver bemötas med förståelse för familjens behov för att anpassa omvårdnaden, vilket minskar anhörigas känslor av att bli förbisedda. Sjuksköterskan ansvarar för att visa hänsyn tillanhöriga och behöver därför vårda i enlighet med familjefokuserad omvårdnad.

Background: Sudden cardiac arrest is the third most common cause of death in Europe. The nurse has a significant role in the work of the resuscitation team. It is often the nurse who is the first among the medical staff to discover cardiac arrest. In the last two decades, research has shown the importance of family presence during resuscitation (FPDR), it can for example aid the family members in their grieving process as well as allow them to support the patient. Family presence is routine if the patient is a child, but not if the patient is an adult. Aim: The aim was to map the nurse's experiences and perceptions of NBHLR in adult patients in hospital wards. Method: A literature review with qualitative content analysis based on research-based on both qualitative and quantitative data on thirteen original articles. Two themes and subthemes emerged in the result. Results: The research in this area showed no clear explanations for why CPR is not used more frequently for adult patients. Education or lack of education, for example, did not have a significant impact on the use of NBHLR. Several of the nurses were worried about how the family members would be affected by attending CPR. Conclusion: More research and knowledge are needed regarding NBHLR. An important area of research could be to find out more in detail about why NBHLR works well in some cases and what would convince the nurse to invite family members to attend.

Thesis (Ph.D.(Psychology)) -- University of Limpopo, 2020 / Suicide is one of the major global public health challenges, with evidence showing that an interplay of multiple factors leads to someone taking their life. While suicide is often a solitary act, its impact on other people is far-reaching. When someone commits suicide, family and friends are almost always left behind to grieve, trying to understand the reasons for the suicide and having to learn to continue with their lives. Because suicide happens within families, its impact on the remaining members is of paramount importance. Understanding the impact of suicide on the surviving family members is a critical step in determining how to assist survivors. The study comprised eleven (11) participants who were all nuclear family members bereaved by suicide in the Capricorn District of Limpopo Province, South Africa. They were all from the Sepedi-speaking ethnic group. Data was collected through in-depth, semi structured, individual face-to-face interviews. Data analysis was done through the use of Hycner’s phenomenological explication process. The following themes were extracted from the participants’ case studies: knowledge of suicide; causes of suicide; methods used in the act; the impact of suicide on the family; prevention of suicide; coping strategies; grief following suicide and grief following other causes of death; concerns about the topic of suicide; and, suggestions in terms of support for suicide bereaved families. The current study reveals that there is still a lot of secrecy around psychological problems which lead people to suicide with the survivors not knowing who or what to blame. It is also evident from the findings that suicide bereaved people tended to be psychologically disturbed, less likeable and more blameworthy than non-suicidally bereaved. The psychological impact experienced includes depression, self-blame, aggression, suicidal ideations and also resulting in hospitalisation for some. Suicide can lead to longer and more complicated grief reactions because family members cannot share their experiences or thoughts, particularly the feelings of guilt that they are struggling with. The stigma from society does not make it any easier for survivors to deal with their grief, leading them to isolate themselves with fear of being judged. Based on the study findings, a culturally informed psychological model of suicide bereavement was developed to explain the lived experiences of African family v members bereaved by suicide. The model incorporates some ideas from Bowen’s structural family theory and the Afrocentric theory. This model proposes that suicide may cause a break-up within the family system and that cultural beliefs may be unfavourable in some instances. For instance, in this study, it was found that some Africans still believe that suicide is a taboo and a curse, which contradicts the psychological importance of viewing the victim’s body by family members. Being unable to view the deceased causes complications in the bereavement process, which leads to psychological problems. It further proposes that African culture is broad and still follows the norms and values in most situations, while these norms and values also play a role in the outcome of the bereavement process. These norms and values may lead to a breakdown of the family structure, leaving them with conflicts or complicated grief, leading to more psychological problems.