O objetivo da presente dissertação é conhecer e compreender como se dá a manifestação do culto dos fãs a um produto de entretenimento contemporâneo, assim como as motivações e desdobramentos de tal prática. O trabalho é um estudo de caso realizado a partir de uma comunidade virtual, mais precisamente, um fórum de discussão sobre a série audiovisual americana Game of Thrones, produzida e exibida pela emissora HBO. A pesquisa apresenta e discute diferentes conceitos sobre fãs, culto, comunidade virtual, cultura fandom, cultura material, gênero fantasia, experiência estética, complexidade e estratégia narrativa, se guiando pela perspectiva metodológica da materialidade da comunicação. A partir de uma questão levantada pelos próprios fãs, este trabalho busca ainda confirmar ou refutar a hipótese de que o rompimento com o clássico modelo narrativo, conhecido como Jornada do Herói, amplamente utilizado por Hollywood nas décadas de 80 e 90, poderia contribuir para a manutenção e/ou recrudescimento do culto em torno da obra audiovisual analisada. Com este propósito, também são demonstrados os dados sobre as observações realizadas em campo e o que estes representam. Por fim, são trazidos à tona novos fenômenos, experiências e intuições como possibilidades de aprofundamento em estudos futuros

Thesis (MTech (Tourism and Hospitality Management))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2009 / Football is considered one of the most important sports in several of the 53 countries in Africa, with the largest viewership and participation.

Orientadores: Heloisa Helena Baldy dos Reis, Carmen Lúcia Soares / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação Física / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-21T15:04:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Canale_VitordosSantos_M.pdf: 959423 bytes, checksum: 3da3c00994af221fffa44986b5a30ca3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: Esta dissertação é fruto de uma pesquisa sobre as coletividades torcedoras ao longo do século XX no Brasil e suas relações com a violência nos distintos períodos deste século, momento de afirmação e disseminação do futebol no país. O objetivo desta dissertação é traçar, a partir de uma retomada histórica dos coletivos de torcedores, a gênese de um modelo hegemônico de torcida organizada, fundado pelos Gaviões da Fiel, que influenciou a existência de outras torcidas em São Paulo e pelo Brasil. A partir de marcos das formas coletivas de torcer, como os sócios dos clubes das capitais paulistas e cariocas das primeiras décadas do século, torcidas uniformizadas e organizadas em São Paulo e no Rio de Janeiro entre as décadas de 1940 e 1960 e o nascimento e disseminação entre os jovens das torcidas organizadas até 1995, ano da tragédia do Pacaembu, enfrentamento entre torcedores de Palmeiras e São Paulo no estádio paulistano, acontecimento marcante nos estudos sobre violência relacionada ao futebol, são observáveis os caminhos de uma lógica e normativa torcedora, fundamentada no clubismo e em outras representações internas e externas ao futebol, caras aos jovens torcedores. Assim, as rivalidades e a violência relacionadas ao futebol são questões que abarcam além do esporte em si, dialogando com as relações de cor e de classe, com os embates entre diferentes grupos dentro das metrópoles, somados à necessidade de exercer socialmente condutas impostas pela masculinidade, bem como o desejo do torcedor de participar enquanto agente ativo do espetáculo do futebol, buscando o reconhecimento e o papel central das torcidas no esporte, seja pela festa ou pela violência. A metodologia e fontes utilizadas foram revisão bibliográfica sobre violência no esporte e torcidas, notícias jornalísticas tratadas enquanto fontes primárias, entrevistas com membros da torcida organizada Gaviões da Fiel, acrescidas de observações de campo nos Gaviões da Fiel e em sua dissidência, o Movimento Rua São Jorge / Abstract: This dissertation is the result of a survey of football supporter groups throughout the twentieth century in Brazil, concerned with their relations to violence in different periods of this century, a time of affirmation and dissemination of football in the country. The aim is to show how contemporary forms of collective organizations of fans own their current constitution to earlier ones, detaching the football supporter groups and their younger fans from a wave of violent self-genesis. Starting from landmarks of collective forms of supporting, such as club membership in the cities of São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro in the early decades of the century, uniformed and organized supporter groups in the states of São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro between the 1940s and 1960s, and the birth and spread of young supporters and young supporting groups until 1995, year of the tragedy in the Pacaembu stadium, it can be observed that supporting is an activity with its own logic and normative rules. These are specially based on "clubism" and other internal and external representations to football, dear to the young fans. Thus, rivalries and violence are related to matters spanning beyond the sport itself, dialoguing with the relations of color and class, the clashes between different groups within the metropolis, the need to exercise social behavior imposed by masculinity and the desire to participate as an active agent of the spectacle of football, seeking recognition and the role of central supporters in sports, either by cheering or by violence. The methodology and sources used were a literature review on violence in sport and supporting groups, primary sources, interviews with members of the "Gaviões da Fiel" supporting group, and field observations of the "Gaviões" in its dissenting group, the "Movimento Rua São Jorge" / Mestrado / Educação Fisica e Sociedade / Mestre em Educação Física

This thesis will analyse the ways in which fan participation and creation in online communities extends the film world beyond the film object, and the extent to which fandom influences identity within the fan group. The study will seek to determine the ways in which fans become part of the franchise through online engagement, as well as the manner in which they appropriate the franchise identity through their creations. The central hypothesis of the study is that online participation and creation amplifies fan connection with the film franchise, and increases the sense of identification with the world and characters of the films. By being or becoming fans, and engaging with other fans in online and real spaces, they are joining a larger community of people who seem to have blurred the lines between fiction and reality by engaging in a fictional, virtual space as a source of real personal entertainment, based on an anchor media product. This appropriation is enabled through digital communities which expand and extend the reach of fan interaction and further develop the identity of the individual as ‘fan’. Thus, the study will reflect on the implications of fan engagement with the film franchise in the digital space.

Med denna studie finns viljan att bredda förståelsen för musikfans och hur de förhåller sig till sitt favoritband. Syftet är att undersöka hur dedikerade fans relation ser ut till sitt favoritband och vad en sådan relation kan ha för betydelse för ett fan. Studien har utförts som en fallstudie av det svenska rockbandet Kents fans och bygger på kvalitativ empiri i form av kvalitativa intervjuer med tolv fans till bandet. Detta med förhoppningen av att kunna skapa en djupare förståelse för ämnet. Tillvägagångssättet har varit abduktivt, det vill säga att studien har växlat mellan induktivt och deduktivt synsätt. Med hjälp av en empirisk och teoretisk analys har vi kommit fram till att relationen fans har till ett band ofta är av parasocial karaktär. Vi såg också att lojalitet och varumärkeskultur kan stärka relationen. Att vara fan är en känsla och gemenskap till andra fans och är ofta en del i relationen till bandet. Vissa fans utövar också sitt fanskap genom olika former av semiotisk produktivitet. Att vara ett fan blir ofta en del av en persons identitet och musikupplevelser i form av musiklyssnande och konserter kan ha en värdefull plats i fansens liv. / With this thesis, there is a will to find a greater understanding of fans and how they relate to their favorite band. The purpose is to look into how dedicated fans relationships looks like towards their favorite band and what such a relationship can mean for the fan. This thesis has been conducted as a case study of fans of the swedish rock band Kent and is based on a qualitative empiricism of qualitative interviews with twelve fans of the band Kent. With this, the hope is to create a deeper understanding for the subject. The approach has been abductive, that is, the thesis has switched between inductive and deductive approaches. With the help of empirical and theoretical analysis, we have found out that the relationship fans have to a band, is often of parasocial character. We also saw that loyalty and brand culture can strengthen the relationship. Being a fan is a feeling and a community towards other fans and is often a part of the relationship with the band. Some fans also exert their fandom through various forms of semiotic productivity. Being a fan often becomes a part of a person’s identity and music experiences like listening to music and concerts can have a valuable place in fans’ lives.

Sport plays a significant role in societies worldwide and this has lead to an increase in the interest in sports fans’ behaviour. South Africans regard rugby as an important role player in their country, national culture - and also as a symbol of hope. This study aimed to enhance the knowledge of fans’ loyalty; and it also addressed the issue of a distinguished scale that can measure fans’ loyalty in the South African rugby context. Furthermore, this study aimed to increase the understanding regarding the determinants of rugby fans’ loyalty in South Africa. This replication study (a repeat of a previous study) investigated the application and relevance of Funk’s (2001:2) Sport Interest Inventory (SII) scale in the South African Super 14 rugby context. The Sport Interest Inventory (SII) scale measures twelve determinants of fan loyalty, namely: bonding with family, bonding with friends, drama, entertainment value, escape, excitement, player interest, role model, socialisation, team interest, vicarious achievement and sports interest. Identifying the determinants of fan loyalty can result in guidelines that can be used by sports marketers to improve their marketing campaigns. This will assist them in identifying related sports products that are essential to rugby fans. This will result in a more profitable sports’ team. The first step in this study was to synthesise a conceptual framework of the relationships between fan loyalty and the identified determinants of fan loyalty from the relevant literature. This was followed by a survey conducted at the Loftus Versveld Stadium, where Super 14 rugby fans of local Super 14 rugby teams were asked to participate in the study. The resulting data were analysed by using multiple regression analysis. The results of the multiple regression analysis identified sport interest, family bonding, escape and team interest as significant determinants of fan loyalty. The first implication for managers is to focus on sport interest as a significant determinant of fan loyalty. Sport interest indicates an interest in rugby as a sport in general. Therefore, management is advised to focus on developing programmes focused on increasing the knowledge and interest of fans in the Super 14 rugby tournament. Secondly, managers should start identifying and creating methods of focusing the attention of their marketing mix on the escape, family bonding and team interest determinants which may increase the attendance levels of Super 14 rugby games. / Dissertation (MCom)--University of Pretoria, 2011. / Marketing Management / MCom / Unrestricted

Cultural policy theory operates on a division between producers and the public. Dualisms, such as producer/consumer – or, in more nuanced circles, the triadic relationship of consumer/producer/owner – have had a structuring effect on the way in which we envision cultural policy theories. At its core, the producer/consumer dualism implies subjectivities – that is to say that it defines positions in relationships between socio-political actors/actresses. At the governmental level, such clear-cut subject positions are perceptible beyond theories, entering into the actual practice of policy-making to the point where certain policies structure the notion of the public (or consumers), and the producers and/or owners. Copyright law, for instance, represents a good example of such an ideational construct. As a form of cultural policy, copyright law seeks to define the rights of producers with regards to their productions. Consequently, this thesis aims at exploring the forms of agency that develop and challenge both the practice and theoretical constructs of cultural policy. Two aspects command us to question anew these boundaries, one based on contemporary social and technical transformations (the rise of the digital age), and one based on cultural practice (in this case, those of fans and fandoms).Borrowing from theories of cultural studies and Foucauldian approaches to discourse analysis, this thesis explored the emerging discourses surrounding fans and their use of copyrighted material via the internet. Putting emphasis on three fandoms that have had marked histories of fan activism and fan production via the use of copyrighted material – Star Trek, Firefly, and Harry Potter – this paper investigated fans’ use of copyrighted material in developing fan cultures and as a vehicle for their discursive practices. These cases illustrate how fans have challenged the established repertoires of subjects in cultural policy (making and theory), and how their form of agency represents an interesting case of resistance to the rise of the cultural industries conception of cultural policy.

The aim of this Master's thesis is to find, describe and analyse factors influencing the audience demand for Czech ice hockey extraliga matches and on the basis of the observed facts to try to suggest conceivable measures to increase such demand. There are especially mathematical and statistical methods widely applied in the practical part of the thesis. Particularly, arithmetic averages, correlation analyses and various kinds of specific coefficients are used. Average attendances and significance of individual factors are evaluated using the method of comparison, namely its factual, temporal as well as spatial form. The main contribution of this thesis consists mainly in the current mapping of the extraleague club fans' opinions and attitudes through the implementation of the comprehensive on-line survey whose results are contained in individual paragraphs.

Submitted by Caroline Falcao (caroline.rfalcao@ufpe.br) on 2017-06-14T18:34:16Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) 2012-dissertacao-EduardoSouza.pdf: 3678057 bytes, checksum: 4b236bc15ba64a081eccf66b3670ba04 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-14T18:34:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) 2012-dissertacao-EduardoSouza.pdf: 3678057 bytes, checksum: 4b236bc15ba64a081eccf66b3670ba04 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-16 / Uma série de relatos sobre episódios violentos protagonizados por Torcidas Organizadas nos estádios de futebol do Brasil foram registradas durante a década de 1990, promovendo grande repercussão na mídia e opinião pública nacionais, incentivando pesquisadores e teóricos do futebol a centrarem suas análises nas possíveis relações entre violência no futebol e Torcidas Organizadas. Este estudo tem como objetivo analisar as práticas de sociabilidades entre os torcedores organizados dos clubes de futebol de Recife/PE. Além de possibilitar que as causas geradoras da violência nos estádios sejam problematizadas sob perspectivas históricas e sociológicas, a relevância deste trabalho privilegia umaperspectiva antropológica ao propor um “outro olhar” sobre o fenômeno das Torcidas Organizadas. Através desse olhar relativizador, buscamos analisar e compreender as três maiores Torcidas Organizadas da cidade de Recife/PE através de sua organização social, suas práticas de sociabilidades e pelas repercussões causadas na dinâmica atual da forma de torcer nos estádios brasileiros. Ao imergirmos no campo da pesquisa, através das técnicas antropológicas de observação participante, interlocuções e entrevistas com torcedores -além da análise de dados secundários como documentos, estatutos e registros disponibilizados por órgãos públicos responsáveis pela organização do futebol em Pernambuco, possibilitou-nos compreender que esses grupos sociais –as Torcidas Organizadas, ao longo das últimas duas décadas, criaram novas possibilidades de interação, coesão e manutenção grupal. O estudo por fim, revela que as Torcidas Organizadas de futebol podem ser vistas não apenas como meros espectadores do futebol arte, e menos ainda, como potenciais protagonistas da violência urbana; o que oferecemos com nosso relato, é uma perspectiva de entender o fenômeno, não de forma apriorísticae determinista, mas como um campo fértil, rico em possibilidades e aberto a outros estudos, análises e pesquisas antropológicas. / A series of reports about violent episodes played by football Organized Fans at the stadiums in Brazil were recorded during the 90’s Age, promoting great repercussion in the media and national public opinion, encouraging researchers and theorists of football to focus their analysis on possible relationships between violence in football and football Organized Fans.This study aims to analyze the practice of sociabilities between the organized fans of the Recife’s football clubs, at Pernambuco State. In addition to enabling the causes which create violence in the stadiums are established under historical and sociological perspectives, the relevance of this work favours a anthropological perspective to the propose "another look" about the phenomenon of the Organized Fans.Through this relative look, we seek to analyze and understand the three major Organized Fans Recife City through its social organization, their practices of sociabilities and the repercussions on the current dynamics of the support in Brazilian stadiums.When We go deeper into the field of anthropological research, through the techniques of participant observation, dialogues and interviews with fans-beyond of the analysis of secondary data like documents, statutes and records made available by public agencies responsible for the organisation of football in Pernambuco, allowed us to understand these social groups –the O.F., over the past two decades have created new possibilities of interaction, group cohesion and maintenance.The study finally reveals that the football Organized Fans can be seen not only as sheer spectators of football art, and even less, as potential protagonists of urban violence; What we offer with our reporting, is a perspective to understand the phenomenon, not a priori and deterministic form, but as a fertile field, rich in possibilities and open to other studies, analyses and anthropological researches.

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