Cheng Wai Sum, Christine. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 133-135). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Chapter Chapter 1 --- Background --- p.1-5 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- Literature Review and Research Methods --- p.6-24 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- Framework for Data Analysis and Interpretation: A Commercialization-Moralization Continuum --- p.25-33 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- The Commercializing Role of a Fan Club: Joey Yung International Fan Club --- p.34-66 / Chapter Chapter 5 --- The Moralizing Role of a Fan Club: Hong Kong Teresa Teng Fan Club --- p.67-97 / Chapter Chapter 6 --- A Dual-purpose Fan Club: Andy World Club (AWC) Limited --- p.98-119 / Chapter Chapter 7 --- Discussion and Conclusion References --- p.120-132

In this study, the authors researched how destinations are affected by sport events such as Swedish premier division soccer matches from a tourism perspective. Representatives from Norrköping, Halmstad, Falkenberg, Åtvidaberg and Kalmar shared information through interviews which along with previous research and theories contributed to the results of this study. The authors have used three theories in this research, Leiper’s tourist attraction system, stakeholder’s theory and the schema theory. Five of the interviews that was conducted for this research was performed at the respondent's workplace while the remaining two were conducted by telephone. All the interviews were recorded and transcribed. Among other things, it has emerged that sport events like Swedish premier division soccer games can be seen as a tourist attraction. It has also emerged that there are two groups of effects that this kind of attraction can generate. One of those is the marketing effect which includes the destination's Swedish premier division soccer team and its matches helps to put the destination on the map, but also to create a positive image of the destination. The second effect is about consumption associated with sport events such as Swedish premier division games, including traveling soccer fans that generate benefits for the local community and therefore contribute to its economic development. With the support of previous research and theories, it has emerged that effort to increase marketing impact, for example, visibility, service and create reasons to travel can generate an increased consumption. The marketing effects can influence current and potential visitor's view of the destination, which is considered to be able to change the stakeholders' behavior. Finally, there are signs that it is very important that there is good cooperation between local actors to boost the various effects that sport events such as Swedish premier division soccer matches can generate. / I den här uppsatsen har skribenterna undersökt hur destinationer påverkas av sportevenemang likt allsvenska fotbollsmatcher ur ett turistiskt perspektiv. Representanter från Norrköping, Halmstad, Falkenberg, Åtvidaberg samt Kalmar bidrog med information som gavs via intervjuer som tillsammans med tidigare forskning och teorier bidragit till uppsatsens resultat. De teorier som författarna använde i denna uppsats är Leipers turistattraktionssystem, Intressentteorin samt schema teorin. Fem av intervjuerna genomfördes på respondenternas arbetsplats medan de resterande två genomfördes per telefon. Samtliga intervjuer spelades in samt transkriberades. Bland annat har det framkommit att sportevenemang såsom allsvenska matcher kan ses som en turistattraktion. Det har även framkommit att det finns två grupper av effekter som denna attraktion genererar. En av dessa handlar om marknadsföringseffekten som bland annat innebär att sportevenemang och dess arrangörer exempelvis destinationens allsvenska fotbollslag och dess matcher bidrar till att sätta destinationen på kartan, men också till att skapa en positivare bild av destinationen. Den andra effekten handlar om konsumtion i samband med sportevenemang såsom allsvenska matcher, exempelvis från de tillresta fotbollsfansen något som kan gynna det lokala samhället på destinationen och bidra till dess ekonomiska utveckling. Med stöd av tidigare forskning och teorier så har det framkommit att arbetet med att öka marknadsföringseffekterna exempelvis genom synlighet, service samt skapa reseanledningar kan generera ökade konsumtionseffekter. Tillexempel genom att marknadsföringseffekterna kan påverka nuvarande och potentiella besökares syn på destinationen något som anses kunna förändra dessa intressenters beteenden. Avslutningsvis finns det tecken på att det är av stor vikt att det finns goda samarbeten mellan lokala aktörer för att öka de olika effekterna som sportevenemang exempelvis allsvenska fotbollsmatcher kan generera.

Depuis 1976, le groupe de heavy metal britannique Iron Maiden travaille à la production d’un discours musical et lyrique abordant des sujets existentiels et métaphysiques en s’inspirant de la littérature, du cinéma et de l’histoire. 80 millions d’albums vendus et près de 2000 concerts à travers le monde semblent confirmer l’engouement d’un public pour ce type d’écriture. Cette étude caractérise le discours de ce groupe aux moyens d’une double analyse [électronique et traditionnelle] des paroles. Elle s’intéresse tout particulièrement aux thèmes, aux leitmotive et aux intertextualités présentes dans les chansons pour tenter ensuite de mettre à jour et de mesurer les différents degrés d’influence du discours d’Iron Maiden sur la vie des membres d’une tribu de 4476 supporters internautes originaires de 70 pays. / Since 1976, the British heavy metal band Iron Maiden has been working at the production of a musical and lyrical discourse dealing with existential and metaphysical topics inspired by literature, cinema and history. Sales of 80 millions records as well as nearly 2,000 concerts world-wide seem to confirm the public’s keen interest in this kind of writing. This study defines the discourse of the band by means of a dual analysis [electronic and traditional] of the lyrics. It focuses on the themes, leitmotivs and intertextualities that can be found in the songs, and attempts to analyse and measure the different levels of influence of the discourse on the life of 4,476 fans from 70 countries encountered via the Internet.

Der Fußball lebt von den Zuschauern und mehr noch den Fans. Immer wieder jedoch zeigen sich jedoch auch die Schattenseiten des Sports: Aggression, Ausschreitungen, Diskriminierung, Extremismus, Risikogruppen, Stigmatisierung und Gewaltbereitschaft. Trotz geringer absoluter Zahlen von Vorfällen, stellt eine Teilmenge der Fanszene alle Beteiligten vor große Herausforderungen. Wir beleuchten Konzepte der Fanarbeit aus struktureller und methodischer Perspektive. Welche Strukturen und Rahmenbedingungen existieren bereits und wie ist das Netzwerk der Akteure beschaffen, die diese Arbeit leisten? Welche elaborierten Ansätze und Konzepte aus der Wissenschaft können künftig außerdem angewendet werden? Ein Fazit lautet, dass das Netzwerk der beteiligten Personen im Bereich Fanarbeit außerordentlich komplex ist. Vor diesem Hintergrund geben wir für diese überaus wichtige Arbeit einige Empfehlungen für einen gelungenen Transfer aus der Wissenschaft in die Praxis.

Aquesta investigació aplica les eines metodològiques dels Estudis Culturals per investigar el consum televisiu i la seva recepció. El propòsit de la recerca és investigar els contextos comunicatius i processos de resignificació de dos grups de receptors enfrontats pel significat/sentit (social i cultural) de la segona edició del programa televisiu Gran Hermano: d'una banda els fans del programa que es reuneixen a internet i, de l'altra, una associació d'espectadors.D'aquesta manera, l'estudi que presento mostra les característiques i l'evolució que ha experimentat l'estudi de la comunicació des de la recepció, principalment dins l'àmbit anglosaxó. Les aportacions de David Morley o Janice Radway, entre d'altres, plantegen les possibilitats, la potencialitat i, conseqüentment, la necessitat de l'estudi dels processos comunicatius des del consum que realitzen les majories.A partir d'aquí, el consum i la resignificació que els dos grups investigats fan de la segona edició de Gran Hermano, exemplifica clarament com la clausura del significat d'un text es negocia a partir dels sistemes de sentit i modes d'expressió elaborats per grups situats en sectors particulars de l'estructura social. El significat d'un text, així doncs, té a veure amb els codis introduïts, però també amb els codis amb els quals diferents sectors de l'audiència conviuen. El que hi ha en joc és una lluita per la definició de l'espai públic, una pugna sobre les polítiques de representació i sobre els règims de visibilitat, una disputa sobre la impossibilitat/possibilitat de legitimació social de la pròpia experiència cultural. / Esta investigación aplica las herramientas metodológicas de los Estudios Culturales con el objetivo de investigar el consumo televisivo y su recepción. El propósito es investigar los contextos comunicativos y procesos de resignificación de dos grupos de receptores enfrentados por el significado/sentido (social y cultural) de la segunda edición del programa televisivo Gran Hermano: Por un lado, los fans del programa que se reúnen en internet y, de otro, una asociación de teleespectadores. De esta manera, el estudio que presento muestra las características y la evolución que ha experimentado el estudio de la comunicación desde la recepción, principalmente dentro del ámbito anglosajón. Las aportaciones de David Morley o Janice Radway, entre otras, plantean las posibilidades, la potencialidad y, consecuentemente, la necesidad del estudio de los procesos comunicativos desde el consumo que realizan las mayorías. El consumo y la resignificación que los dos grupos investigados hacen de la segunda edición de Gran Hermano ejemplifica claramente como la clausura del significado de un texto se negocia a partir de los sistemas de sentido y modos de expresión elaborados por grupos situados en sectores particulares de la estructura social. El significado de un texto tiene que ver con los códigos introducidos, pero también con los códigos con los cuales diferentes sectores de la audiencia conviven. Lo que hay en juego es una lucha por la definición del espacio público, una pugna sobre las políticas de representación y sobre los regímenes de visibilidad, una disputa sobre la imposibilidad/posibilidad de legitimación social de la propia experiencia cultural. / This work applies the methodological tools of the Cultural Studies for investigating the television consumption and its reception. The purpose of the research is to investigate the communicative contexts and processes of resignification of two groups of audiences confronted by the meaning/sense (social and cultural) of the second edition of Big Brother: on the one hand the fans of the program who meet in internet and, of the other one, an association of viewers.In this way, the study that I present samples the characteristics and the evolution that has experienced the study of the communication from the reception, mainly in the Anglo-Saxon area. The contributions of David Morley or Janice Radway, among others, bring up the possibilities, the potentiality and, consequently, the need of the study of the communicative processes from the consumption that the majorities carry out.The consumption and the resignification that the two investigated groups make of Big Brother exemplifies clearly how the closure of the meaning of a text is negotiated by groups placed in particular sectors of the structure from the systems of meaning|sense and fashions of expression elaborated socially. The meaning of a text has to do with the introduced codes, but also with the codes that different sectors of the audience live with in. There is a fight for the definition of the public space, a fight about the rules of representation and visibility, a dispute about the impossibility/possibility of social legitimise of the cultural experience itself.

Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Engineering. Dept. of Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering. / Thesis (MEng)--Stellenbosch University, 1990. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The causes of disturbances in the flow patterns at the inlets of axial flow fans that are used in mechanical draft cooling towers and the effects of these disturbances on the fans, were investigated. A scale model of a part of a mechanical draft cooling tower used at a power station was built for the purpose of this study. In the cooling tower the axial flow fans are arranged in a matrix configuration. It was noted from the scale model that the boundary fan was subjected to the worst inlet disturbances and this had an adverse effect on the flow it produced. Geometric alterations like the use of guide vanes and rounded inlets improved the flow through the boundary fan considerably. It was found that the performance of the fans is a function of the number of fans used and the elevation of the fans. Several tests to determine the performance of the cooling tower confirmed the results obtained from the experiments on the scale model. It was also found that the speed and direction of the prevailing wind have a significant effect on the cooling tower. Experiments to investigate the effects of cross-flow at the inlet of a fan indicated an increased flow through the fan at low cross-flow velocities and that the flow decreased at high cross-flow velocities. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die invloed en oorsake van versteurde inlaatvloeipatrone op aksiaalwaaiers wat in meganiese-trek koeltorings gebruik word is ondersoek. 'n Skaaimodel van 'n deel van 'n meganiese-trek koeltoring wat by 'n kragstasie gebruik word is gebou vir die doel van die studie. Die aksiaalwaaiers wat in die koeltoring gebruik word is in 'n matrikskonfigurasie gerangskik. Vanaf die skaalmodel is waargeneem dat die randwaaier die ergste versteuring by die inlaat ervaar, en gevolglik minder vloei as die res van die waaiers in die opstelling lewer. Die vloei deur die randwaaier is verbeter deur verskillende geometriese wysigings soos leilemme en inlaatafrondings aan te bring. Daar is gevind dat die werking van die waaiers in die opstelling 'n funksie van die hoeveelheid waaiers asook die grondvryhoogte is. Om die werking van die koeltoring te bepaal is verskillende toetse daarop uitgevoer. Die resultate het die geldigheid van die skaalmodel bevestig. Daar is ook gevind dat die heersende windsterkte en rigting 'n definitiewe invloed op die koeltoring uitoefen. Die invloed van 'n dwarsvloei by die inlaat van 'n enkele waaier is ook eksperimenteel ondersoek. Die resultate toon dat daar 'n vermeerdering in vloei deur die waaier by lae dwarsvloeisnelhede plaasvind. Hoë dwarsvloeisnelhede veroorsaak egter 'n vermindering in vloei.

SKAM (”Shame”) is a Norwegian WebTV-series which portrays several youths during their time in high school. Each season addresses a new main character whom treats or is subjected to the feeling of shame. The WebTV-series is unique in its way of not being shown on the traditional television. Instead the series is shown on the digital play-service NRK and SKAM’s own blog. SKAM is transmedia in its way of using social platforms to expand and give new perspectives and stories to the fictional world. For example, the characters obtain authentic Instagram profiles where the viewers can to comment, like or follow the characters. The aim of this study was thus to explore what kind of relationship between fans establish with the fictional characters of SKAM when using transmedia storytelling and why they interact with the phenomenon’s social platforms. The paper also examines in which way SKAM is using transmedia storytelling. The paper is restricted to the platform Instagram and an audience segment called “fans”. This due to the time restriction for the paper to dictated as well as “fans” being the most exploited to extend a fictional world in form of social and cultural activities. The scientific questions attempt to be answered by interviewing a focus group along with carrying out a semiotic image analysis. The results showed that the way SKAM was using the transmedia storytelling in a realistic manner which created a similar form of hyperreality in which parasocial relationship and emotional realism could be formed. This due to Instagram being already an integrated platform in the fans lifestyles. The integrated platform along with the similar hyperreality allows the fans to interact or have the illusion to interact with the characters in a manner which portrays them as social friends. Creating a social bond from the fans to the characters. The characters Instagram profiles portrays in a realistic manner with text and pictures. Their problems, emotions and lifestyle creates a solid connotation to the audience. Making the fans laugh, cry and feel with the characters and wanting to engage in their life. The transmedia storytelling lets the fans engage with the character and letting new perspective of their realistic lives being portrayed. Creating parasocial and emotional realism.

Cheung Ka-ki. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 99-104). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Chapter I --- ABSTRACT --- p.i / Chapter II --- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS --- p.iii / Chapter III --- CONTENTS --- p.iv / Chapter CHAPTER 1 --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / The Structure of the Paper / Chapter CHAPTER 2 --- THEORETICAL REVIEW --- p.4 / Chapter A. --- What is a Star? / Chapter B. --- Fans as Productive Audiences / Chapter C. --- Identifying with Stars and Fan Culture / Chapter ☆ --- Individual Identity Construction / Chapter ☆ --- Self-creation in Private Fantasies / Chapter ☆ --- Internalizing External Expectations / Chapter ☆ --- Collective Identity of Fans / Chapter ☆ --- The Stigmatization in Process / Chapter ☆ --- Encompassing a Youth Identity / Chapter D. --- A Review of the Study / Chapter CHAPTER 3 --- METHODOLOGY --- p.23 / Chapter A. --- Interviewing Fans / Chapter ☆ --- Selection of Interviewees / Chapter ☆ --- Profiles of Interviewees / Chapter ☆ --- The Interview Questions / Chapter B. --- Observing Fans as Participants / Chapter CHAPTER 4 --- FROM SPECIAL FEELINGS FOR A STAR TO PARA-SOCIAL INTERACTIONS WITH A MODEL: THE INTERNAL CONSTRUCTION OF SELF-IDENTITY --- p.34 / Chapter A. --- A Preview of Identity-related Meanings / Chapter B. --- Adoring a Prince / Chapter ☆ --- "“Ooops! He's cool!"" ´ؤ The Attraction of Appearance" / Chapter ☆ --- Consuming Lovers in Media Products / Chapter ☆ --- "Dreaming of ""My Self' in the Imaginary Romance with the Ideal Lover" / Chapter ☆ --- When the Real Right Person Appears / Chapter ☆ --- A Re-Discovery of Gender / Chapter ☆ --- Probable Development of Sexuality / Chapter C. --- Wanna Make a Friend with the Idol / Chapter ☆ --- Friendly Stars are Attractive too! / Chapter ☆ --- Into the Illusion of Friendship / Chapter ☆ --- Developing Para-Friendships with Ideal Friends / Chapter ☆ --- """The Star is Disgusting!"" Antagonistic Relationships with Stars" / Chapter D. --- "Admiration of Beauty, Career, and Other Models" / Chapter ☆ --- Admiring Special Capabilities and Qualities / Chapter ☆ --- Learning to be a Beauty / Chapter ☆ --- Setting up a Career Model / Chapter ☆ --- Possibilities of Other Learning Models / Chapter ☆ --- Cultural Constraints in Modeling / Chapter E. --- Conclusion: Identifying Personal Uniqueness in the Emotional Attachment to an Idol / Chapter CHAPTER 5 --- IDENTIFYING WITH STIGMATIZED YOUTHFUL FANS: INCORPORATION OF COLLECTIVE IMAGE WITH SELF-IDENTITY --- p.64 / Chapter A. --- Encountering Fans in Public: the Collective Identity of Fans / Chapter B. --- Presenting Me as Stigmatized Fan or Not? / Chapter ☆ --- Experiencing the Social Stigma: Self-reflection of the Researcher / Chapter ☆ --- Against the Orderly Discourses in Malls / Chapter ☆ --- Crazy Fans in the News / Chapter ☆ --- Perceiving Social Stigma and the Careful Presentation of Fan Identity / Chapter C. --- Fans in Three Groups / Chapter ☆ --- Marginal Fans: Exclusion of the Contents of Social Stigma / Chapter ☆ --- Central Insiders: Internalization of Social Stigma / Chapter ☆ --- Strategic Fans: Moving in and out of the Boundary of Fan Culture / Chapter D. --- Reinforcement of Youth identity in Idol Worship / Chapter ☆ --- Associating with a Sense of Youthfulness / Chapter ☆ --- Subordinate Position Resonated / Chapter E. --- From Subversive Meanings to Affective Resistance / Chapter F. --- Conclusion: Allying Rebellious Affection in Idol Worship / Chapter CHAPTER 6 --- CONCLUSION --- p.91 / Chapter A. --- Prospects of Fan Culture Study / Chapter ☆ --- Commercializing Fans in Hong Kong / Chapter ☆ --- Revisiting Subcultural Theory / APPENDIX --- p.96 / Reflections on the Work: the Question of Representation / BIBLIOGRAPHY --- p.99

方敏瑜. / "2006年9月" / 論文(哲學碩士)--香港中文大學, 2006. / 參考文獻(leaves 156-163). / "2006 nian 9 yue" / Abstracts in Chinese and English. / Fang Minyu. / Can kao wen xian (leaves 156-163). / Lun wen (zhe xue shuo shi)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue, 2006. / Chapter 第一章： --- 緒論 --- p.1 / 硏究簡介 --- p.1 / 香港漫畫簡況與日本愛情漫畫分類 --- p.3 / 硏究意義 --- p.5 / 論文結構 --- p.6 / Chapter 第二章： --- 理論基礎 --- p.8 / 文獻回顧 --- p.8 / 硏究問題 --- p.25 / 硏究方法 --- p.27 / Chapter 第三章: --- 社會處境分析 --- p.33 / 日本與香港漫畫發展 --- p.33 / 日本文化之跨境傳入 --- p.39 / Chapter 第四章： --- 日本愛情漫畫文本分析 --- p.49 / 故事內容分析 / Chapter 1. --- 故事結構 --- p.49 / Chapter 2. --- 故事劇情 --- p.55 / Chapter 3. --- 心理分析 --- p.61 / Chapter 4. --- 結局分析 --- p.63 / 人物分析 --- p.64 / 愛情觀分析 --- p.74 / Chapter 第五章： --- 漫畫使用及訊息接收 --- p.89 / 漫畫文本使用 --- p.89 / 漫畫意識形態的影響與接收 --- p.103 / 漫畫閱讀與論述角力 --- p.114 / Chapter 第六章： --- 個案硏究 --- p.123 / 傳媒的男男漫畫論述 --- p.124 / 男男文化的協商「抗衡」 --- p.133 / Chapter 第七章： --- 總結 --- p.140 / 核心發現 --- p.140 / 反思與討論 --- p.149 / 限制和展望 --- p.151 / 附件 / 表一 受訪者基本資料 --- p.153 / 表二 漫畫文本基本資料 --- p.155 / 參考 --- p.156

唐希文. / "2004年7月". / 論文(哲學碩士)--香港中文大學, 2004. / 參考文獻 (p. 233-245). / 附中英文摘要. / "2004 nian 7 yue". / Tang Xiwen. / Lun wen (zhe xue shuo shi)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue, 2004. / Can kao wen xian (p. 233-245). / Fu Zhong Ying wen zhai yao. / Chapter 第一章： --- 緒論 --- p.1 / 明星崇拜 --- p.1 / 影迷形象 --- p.2 / 硏究意義 --- p.4 / 硏究目的 --- p.5 / 論文結構 --- p.7 / Chapter 第二章： --- 理論基礎 --- p.9 / 明星崇拜的社會現象 --- p.9 / 團體身分與刻板標籤 --- p.16 / 婦女生活與休閒經驗 --- p.23 / 硏究框架 --- p.31 / Chapter 第三章： --- 硏究方法 --- p.41 / Chapter 第四章： --- 文本解讀 --- p.52 / 偶像展現的明星個性 --- p.53 / 情感投射與經驗迴響 --- p.62 / 職業女性與文本關係 --- p.77 / 小結：自我理想形象 --- p.86 / Chapter 第五章： --- 論述碰撞 --- p.91 / 主流論述的衝突 --- p.92 / 追星歷程的掙扎 --- p.97 / 回應主流論述的策略 --- p.106 / 追星過程的身分協調 --- p.117 / 小結：負面標籤轉移 --- p.125 / Chapter 第六章： --- 社會空間 --- p.129 / 職業女性的追星空間 --- p.130 / 影迷崇拜的團體空間 --- p.140 / 社交空間與女性世界 --- p.150 / 小結：女性休閒空間 --- p.164 / Chapter 第七章： --- 休閒經驗 --- p.168 / 女性休閒機會的限制 --- p.169 / 身分賦予的休閒條件 --- p.180 / 追星經驗象徵的意義 --- p.188 / 小結：開拓休閒機會 --- p.203 / Chapter 第八章： --- 總結 --- p.207 / 核心發現 --- p.207 / 反思與討論 --- p.213 / 限制與展望 --- p.217 / 附件： --- p.221 / Chapter 表1 --- 影迷訪問內容（關於偶像文本） --- p.221 / Chapter 表2 --- 影迷訪問內容（關於影迷行爲） --- p.222 / Chapter 表3 --- 影迷訪問內容（關於個人生活） --- p.223 / Chapter 表4 --- 電視製作人訪問內容 --- p.224 / Chapter 表5 --- 偶像訪問內容 --- p.225 / Chapter 表6 --- 追星活動的詳細資料 --- p.226 / Chapter 表7 --- 影迷日常聚會的詳細資料 --- p.229 / Chapter 表8 --- 陳慧珊曾獲的電視獎項 --- p.232 / 參考 --- p.233