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Child sexual assault is a problem of epidemic proportions in the United States with some research suggesting up to one fifth of our nations children being victimized before reaching adulthood. Research has suggested females could be responsible for up to 20% of child sexual abuse cases, and at the same time only represent only 1% of sexual offenders incarcerated the US. This creates a situation where a large group of relatively under-researched offenders are evading detection. Numerous calls for further research have been made, but relatively few studies have had the ability to shed significant light on this phenomenon on a national level. This project utilizes a dataset of virtually every reported child protective services case in the United States for the fiscal year 2010 in order to investigate the dynamics of perpetrator gender on child sexual offending in substantiated cases. Offense characteristics, as well as case level components, were assessed to investigate not only the differences in offending behavior but also the ways gender affects how offenders enter and exit our child protective systems and the services they receive while there. Extensive differences were uncovered as related to perpetrator gender. Models were informed by the female sexual offending literature. Practice and policy implications are discussed.

Millions of people in the world are infected by HIV/AIDS or/and other Sexually Transmitted Infections, STIs. Ethiopia is, with its population on almost 94 million people, one of the worst affected countries. One of the methods that are used in the prevention work in order to combat the spread of HIV/AIDS and STIs in Ethiopia is Social Marketing, a concept that adopts traditional marketing techniques in order to obtain social change. This inductive study explores how three various Ethiopian organizations are utilizing Social Marketing in their HIV/AIDS and STI prevention work throughout Ethiopia, how the concept can be used to achieve attitudinal- and behavioral change by people, as well as if the organization’s various Social Marketing projects strive to provide vulnerable groups of the Ethiopian society with empowerment, and if so, in what ways. The empirical material was collected through six qualitative interviews and two focus group discussions during an eight-week long stay in Ethiopia during March-May, 2012. The findings of this study have been analyzed through theories about human behavior with a focus on behavior change, as well as various definitions and concepts of empowerment. The study’s result shows that Social Marketing can be utilized in several ways in the HIV/AIDS and STI prevention work in Ethiopia to obtain attitudinal- and behavior changes, for instance by using various commercial techniques, street campaigns, information/education/behavioral change materials, as well as trainings, outreach work and peer education, which aims to educate people about HIV/AIDS, STIs, condoms and condom use. The organization’s joint Social Marketing project “Wise Up-program” includes Drop In Centers and Cooperative Activity for sex workers. The findings of this essay shows that these projects do strive to provide vulnerable groups of the Ethiopian society with empowerment, psychologically as well as economically.

Orientadores: Paulo César Giraldo, Ana Katherine da Silveira Gonçalves / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-16T20:57:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Amaral_RoseLuceGomesdo_D.pdf: 1220448 bytes, checksum: d6f8f0907e1226cc41668603ab978683 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: O uso de duchas vaginais é comum em diferentes povos e culturas. Entre as mulheres que a praticam, a maioria a faz após a menstruação, antes ou após a relação sexual, com a finalidade de evitar o odor desagradável ou para eliminar corrimentos, refrescar a genitália ou prevenir a gravidez. Não está claro na literatura se as duchas poderiam causar problemas às usuárias. Objetivo: Verificar se o uso habitual de duchas vaginais associa-se à infecção genital por Chlamydia trachomatis/ Neisseria gonorrhoeae e Papilomavírus humano (HPV) em mulheres profissionais do sexo. Sujeitos e Métodos: Estudo de corte transversal avaliou 200 mulheres - 111 profissionais do sexo (PS) e 89 não profissionais do sexo (NPS) - assistidas em uma Unidade Básica de Saúde de Campinas, São Paulo, Brasil. Todas as mulheres foram entrevistadas e examinadas por um único pesquisador. A anamnese abordou os antecedentes demográficos, higiênicos, sexuais e médicos, como idade, cor, paridade, escolaridade, tabagismo, estado civil, uso de duchas vaginais, idade da primeira relação sexual, número de parceiros sexuais, número de coitos por semana, práticas sexuais, uso de preservativo e lubrificante. Amostras de células cervicais foram coletadas para testes de captura híbrida objetivando Chlamydia trachomatis/Neisseria gonorrhoaea e HPV. Na análise estatística usou-se o teste exato de Fisher ou X2 para as variáveis discretas, e Mann-Whitney para as variáveis não-paramétricas. O estudo foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa (no 902/2009) e contou com a colaboração da Secretaria de Saúde do Estado de São Paulo e Laboratório Digene. Resultado: Cerca de 40% das mulheres investigadas praticavam duchas vaginais três ou mais vezes por semana (61,7% das PS e somente 14,6% das NPS). A infecção por CT/NG foi positiva em 10,5% do total dos casos, 17 casos (15,3%) em PS e em quatro casos (4,5%) das NPS (p=0,01), porém não houve diferenças significativas entre usuárias de duchas vaginais (14,81%) e não usuárias (7,6%), (p=ns). As PS não usuárias de duchas vaginais tiveram quase o dobro de infecção CT/NG que as NPS usuárias de duchas vaginais (13,9% vs 7,7%). O HPV foi positivo em 40,5% dos casos, sendo 55,8% da PS e em 21,3% das NPS (p=0,001), contudo DNA-HPV não foi significativamente diferente (p=0,47) entre PS usuárias de duchas vaginais (54,4%) e em não usuárias (58,1%). HPV de alto risco foi positivo em 16,2% e 11,6% (p=ns) e o HPV de baixo risco em 23,5% e 30,2% (p=ns) em usuárias e não usuárias de duchas vaginais respectivamente. Os HPV de alto e baixo riscos foram encontrados simultaneamente em 14,7% e 16,2% das usuárias e não usuárias de duchas vaginais, respectivamente (p=ns). Conclusão: O uso de duchas vaginais não se associou às infecções genitais por CT/NG e HPV de alto ou baixo grau nas mulheres estudadas (profissionais do sexo e não profissionais do sexo) / Abstract: The use of vaginal douching (VD) is widespread around the world, and is more common than is to be expected. The majority of women douche after menses, before or after sexual intercourse to prevent odor, to alleviate vaginal symptoms, or to prevent pregnancy, however it is not clear in the literature if this habit can cause damages for women. Objective: Establish whether high frequency VD favors Chlamydia trachomatis (CT)/Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) and Papilomavírus humano (HPV) infection in female sex workers (SW). Subjects and Methods: A clinical cross-sectional study involving 200 women, 111 SW and 89 non-sex workers (NSW) in a Health Center in Brazil. The subjects were submitted to an interview and examined by a single researcher. A questionnaire was filled out with data that included, medical and demographic history (age, race, parity, education, smoking, marital status), hygiene (use of VD, frequency and the solution used) and sexual behaviour (first sexual relation, number of sexual partners, frequency, sexual practices, homosexual relationships, use of condom and lubricant). Cervical samples were collected for CT and NG testing by hybrid capture 2 assay. Statistical analysis used the Fisher's exact test or qui square for discrete variables and Mann-Whitney test for nonparametric variables. The study was approved by Committee the Ethics in Research (no 902/2009) and received the cooperation of São Paulo Secretariat of Health and Digene laboratory. Results: Approximately 40% of women practiced douche three or more times per week (61.7% of SW and only 14.6% of the NSW). Infection with CT / NG was positive in 10.5% of the total cases, 17 cases (15.3%) in SW and in four cases (4.5%) of the NSW (p = 0.01). However, It was in 14.81% of D and but in and 7.6% of ND (p = ns). SW douchers had almost double CT and NG infections than NSW douchers (13.9% vs 7.7%). HPV infection was detected in 40.5% of cases, 55.8% of SW and 21.3% of NSW of (p = 0.001), despite of DNA HPV was not different (p = 0.47) between SW douchers (54.4%) and non-douchers (58.1%). High-risk DNA-HPV was positive in 16.2% and 11.6% (p = ns) and low-risk DNA-HPV in 23.5% and 30.2% (p = ns) in douchers and non-douchers respectively. High and low risk DNA-HPV were found simultaneously in 14.7% and 16.2% of douchers and non-douchers respectively (p = ns). Conclusion: The use of VD is not a causal factor for cervical CT/NG and High-/low risk HPV infection in women studied (SW and NSW) / Doutorado / Tocoginecologia / Doutor em Tocoginecologia

Orientadores: Paulo Cesar Giraldo, Ana Katherine S. Gonçalves / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-08T15:31:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Amaral_RoseLuceGomesdo_M.pdf: 734908 bytes, checksum: 93d7f5663377e139f755920fc4edece2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: Objetivo: Verificar se o uso de duchas higiênicas íntimas (DHI) pode interferir na microbiota vaginal de mulheres profissionais do sexo. Sujeitos e Métodos: Estudo de corte transversal realizado durante seis meses verificou o risco de 155 mulheres profissionais do sexo (PS), usuárias e não usuárias de DHI, apresentarem flora vaginal alterada e/ou vaginose bacteriana. As PS foram atendidas em centro de saúde (CS) localizado em zona de prostituição no município de Campinas, São Paulo, e agrupadas em usuárias e não usuárias de duchas higiênicas íntimas para análise da microbiota vaginal. A anamnese determinou os perfis sociodemográfico e sexual destas mulheres que procuraram o CS por diferentes motivos. O conteúdo vaginal foi coletado com swab estéril de Dacron e disposto em duas lâminas de vidro que foram coradas por técnica de Gram. A caracterização da microbiota vaginal pelos critérios de AMSEL adaptado foi realizada por microscopia óptica com lente de imersão. Análises univariável, bivariável com testes de qui-quadrado e exato de Fisher, além de regressão múltipla variável (stepwise) demonstraram o poder de associação entre as variáveis. Resultados: A média de idade, a etnia branca, a escolaridade básica e hábito de fumar encontrados respectivamente nas 94 usuárias e nas 61 não usuárias de DHI foram de 25,5 (± 6,2) vs. 26,0 (± 6,8)anos (p=ns), 48,9% vs. 47,5% (p=ns), 60,6% vs. 45% (p=ns) e 41,5% vs. 49,2% (p=ns) dos casos. Não houve diferença no uso regular de condom com seus parceiros sexuais fixos. Apenas o uso de lubrificantes vaginais foi significativamente maior nas usuárias de DHI (63,8%) que nas não usuárias (36,1%), p=0,0007. As prevalências de flora vaginal alterada, vaginose bacteriana, candidíase, tricomoníase e vaginose citolítica foram de 75,48%; 50,96%; 5,1%; 0,64% e 1,9%, respectivamente. Não houve diferenças significativas destas prevalências quando foram analisados estes achados entre as usuárias e não usuárias de DHI (78,7% vs. 70,5%, ns), (47,9% vs. 55,7%, ns), (5,3% vs. 4,9%, ns), (0 vs. 1,6%, ns) e (1,1% vs. 3,3%, ns). A análise de regressão múltipla tipo stepwise não identificou qualquer risco aumentado de ter flora vaginal alterada ou de vaginose bacteriana em mulheres usuárias de DHI. Conclusão: O uso de DHI não aumentou o risco de flora vaginal alterada e/ou de vaginose bacteriana em mulheres PS. Palavras-chave: profissionais do sexo, duchas higiênicas íntimas, microbiota vaginal, vaginose bacteriana, candidíase vaginal / Abstract: Aims: Verify if vaginal douching (VD) can cause vaginal flora imbalance in Female Sex Workers (FSW). Patients and Methods: A cross sectional study, carried out for six months, analysed the risk of vaginal flora imbalance and/or vaginal bacteriosis due to vaginal douching in 155 FSW. The FSW were seen at a public outpatient in a prostitution area in the city of Campinas, the state of São Paulo, Brazil. The vaginal douching (VD) users and non-users made up the two groups for vaginal microbiological analysis. The social-demographic and sexual profile of these women, who were seen for different reasons, was checked by anamnesis. Vaginal content was collected using a sterile Dacron Swab and placed on two glass slides that were stained using Gram technique. Adapted AMSEL criteria characterized the vaginal flora using optic microscope with immersion lens. Univariate, bivariate statistical analyses with X2 and exact Fisher tests apart from multiple variate regression (Stepwise) analysis determined the association between variables. Results: Mean age, white ethnicity, level of schooling and the habit of smoking analysed in the 94 users and 61 non-users of VD respectively were 25.5 (± 6.2) vs. 26.0 (± 6.8) years (p=ns), 48.9% vs. 47.5% (p=ns), 60.6% vs. 45% (p=ns) and 41.5% vs. 49.2% (p=ns) of the cases. There was no difference in the regular use of condoms with their steady sexual partners. Only the use of vaginal lubricant was significantly higher in the VD users (63.8%) than in the non-users (36.1%); p=0.0007. General prevalence of abnormal flora, bacterial vaginosis, candidiasis, trichomoniasis and cytolitic vaginosis was 75.48%, 50.96%, 5.1%, 0.64% and 1.9% respectively. There were no significant differences when analysing the findings between users and non-users of VD (78.7% vs. 70.5%; ns); (47.9% vs. 55.7%; ns); (5.3% vs. 4.9%; ns); (0 vs. 1.6% ns) and (1.1% vs. 3.3%; ns). Stepwise multiple regression analysis did not identify any increased risk of altered vaginal flora or bacterial vaginosis in VD users. Conclusion: The use of VD did not increase the risk of vaginal flora imbalance and/or bacterial vaginosis in FSW / Mestrado / Ciencias Biomedicas / Mestre em Tocoginecologia

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No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Dulce Helena Rebouças de Souza - 2012.pdf: 1582264 bytes, checksum: 81d7319b908561e96506800f7a644899 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-05-02 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Lymphotropic virus human T cells 1 (HTLV-1) is a retrovirus associated with the development of diseases such as T cell leukemia in adults (ATL) and tropical spastic paraparesis (TSP) or HTLV-associated myelopathy (HAM/TSP). Transmission occurs by sexual routes, parenteral and vertical. Female sex workers (FSW) are a population vulnerable to parenteral and sexually transmitted infections since they have often risky behaviors including drug use and unprotected sex. The study aimed to investigate the seroepidemiological profile of HTLV-1 infection among a population of female sex workers in Goiânia city, using the Respondent driven Sampling methodology. A total of 402 FSWs were interviewed about demographic and risk characteristics for HTLV infection, between May 2009 and June 2010. Blood samples were collected from all females and screened by ELISA for detection of antibodies to HTLV-1/2. Positive samples were retested for confirmation by western blot and PCR, and characterized by sequencing and phylogenetic analyses. The mean age was 27.5 years (SD: 9.1 years). Most of FSWs (67.1%) were single, 47.3% had 10 a 12 years of formal education. One third of female sex workers reported illicit drug (34.1%), thought only (2.7%) used injection illicit drugs, 51.9% had more than seven sexual partners in the last week and 36.3% did not use condom with their steady sexual partners. Some women reported to recruit their clients in more than one type of venue, being nightclubs (41%), bars (27.7%) and streets (25%) predominant. Of the 402 samples screened by ELISA, three were positive and submitted to detection of DNA-HTLV for the tax, LTR and env regions. Only one was positive for HTLV-1, resulting in a prevalence of 0.2%. (CI 95%: 0.0-1.6). The virus isolate was classified as Transcontinental subgroup of the HTLV-1 Cosmopolitan subtype. These findings show a low endemicity for HTLV-1 infection in female sex workers in Goiânia-GO, however epidemiological studies of this infection are important to reinforce the need for prevention strategies based on the disclosure of the modes of transmission and status tracking serological the infected. / O vírus linfotrópico de células T humanas 1 (HTLV-1) é um retrovírus associado ao desenvolvimento de doenças como leucemia/linfoma de células T do adulto (ATL) e mielopatia associada ao HTLV-1/paraparesia espástica tropical (HAM/TSP). A transmissão ocorre por vias sexual, parenteral e vertical. As mulheres profissionais do sexo (MPS) constituem uma população vulnerável as infecções de transmissão parenteral e sexual, uma vez que apresentam comportamentos de risco, incluindo o uso de drogas e o sexo sem proteção. Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar o perfil soroepidemiologico da infecção pelo HTLV-1 em mulheres profissionais do sexo em Goiânia, GO, usando a metodologia Respondent-Driven Sampling (RDS). Um total de 402 MPS foi entrevistada sobre dados sociodemográficos e características de risco para a infecção pelo HTLV, entre maio de 2009 e junho de 2010. As amostras de sangue foram coletadas de todas as mulheres e triadas pelo ELISA para a detecção de anticorpos para HTLV-1/2. As amostras positivas foram retestadas para a confirmação por western blot e PCR, sendo caracterizadas por sequenciamento e análise filogenética. A idade média das mulheres foi 27,5 anos (Dp: 9,1 anos). A maioria (67,1%) era solteira, 47,3% tinham entre 10 e 12 anos de educação formal. Um terço das profissionais (34,1%) relatou uso de drogas ilícitas, embora apenas 2,7% usaram drogas injetáveis, 51,9% tiveram mais de sete parceiros sexuais na ultima semana e 36,3% não usaram preservativos com parceiros não pagantes. Algumas mulheres relataram recrutar seus clientes em mais de um tipo de local, boates (41%), bares (27,7%) e ruas (25%). Das 402 amostras triadas pelo ELISA, três foram positivas e submetidas à detecção do HTLV-DNA para as regiões tax, LTR e env. Apenas uma foi positiva para HTLV-1, por PCR, resultando numa prevalência de 0,2% (IC 95%: 0,0-1,6). O isolado viral foi classificado como subtipo Cosmopolita (HTLV-1a), subgrupo Transcontinental (A). Os resultados mostram uma baixa endemicidade para a infecção pelo HTLV-1 em mulheres profissionais do sexo em Goiânia-GO, entretanto estudos epidemiológicos sobre essa infecção são importantes para reforçar a necessidade de estratégias de prevenção baseadas na divulgação dos modos de transmissão e acompanhamento do status sorológico dos infectados.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T13:46:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Gisele_Scobernatti_ Dissertacao.pdf: 625559 bytes, checksum: 23eb96ad7ef3ad241ce116b9ed2c3b66 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-03-31 / The analysis of women s motivations that lead to committing sexual abuse is the central focus of this project, having as background, social historical and cultural construction of subjectivities of men and women that sexually abuse. For such an achievement, methodological resources of an oral history of life and theme were used, as well as a documentary analysis of formal procedures, considering that the sexual abuse of children and adolescents is considered crime by the Brazilian Law. Thus, the observation of treatment exempted by the protective systems and of criminal responsibility was also present, as well as the changes occurred in the Brazilian legislation and the family history of abusers that took part in this study. Identifying, there are no major differences in motivation as for men or women that commit sexual abuse, however even if the criminal law has tried to adjust to the historical and social changes of the country, it seems to not be able to give equal treatment to men and women who commit sexual abuse. The women become invisible before the law, not being recognized as capable of perpetrating violence. There is however a severe moral censure that confine them to a private world, reaffirming a historical assumption that women should stay locked indoors and take care of the family, leaving the transgressions of the public environment to the men, known to be capable of producing violence. / A análise das motivações femininas que levam ao cometimento do abuso sexual constitui o foco central deste trabalho, tendo como pano de fundo os elementos sóciohistóricos e culturais que pudessem estar presentes na construção das subjetividades de homens e mulheres que abusam sexualmente. Para tal empreendimento, utilizou-se como recursos metodológicos, a história oral de vida e temática, bem como a análise documental de procedimentos formais, porquanto o abuso sexual de crianças e adolescentes é considerado crime pelo ordenamento jurídico brasileiro. Desse modo, a observação do tratamento dispensado pelos sistemas de proteção e de responsabilização penal também esteve presente, assim como as mudanças ocorridas na legislação brasileira e, ainda, a história familiar dos abusadores e das abusadoras que tomaram parte deste estudo. Identifica-se que não há maiores diferenças de motivação enquanto homem ou mulher, contudo, mesmo que a lei penal tenha tentado adequar-se às mudanças históricas e sociais do país, ela parece que não consegue ainda dar tratamento igualitário a homens e mulheres que cometem abuso sexual. Tornam-se às mulheres invisíveis diante da lei, não sendo reconhecidas como capazes de perpetrar violências. Há, entretanto, uma severa censura moral que as confina ao mundo privado, reafirmando um pressuposto histórico de que as mulheres devem manter-se presas à casa e aos cuidados da família, deixando as transgressões no ambiente público para os homens, reconhecidos como capazes de produzir violência.

Bakgrund: Runt en procent av jordens befolkning beräknas ha en autismdiagnos. Det anses öka individens livskvalité om autismdiagnos erhålls tidigt i livet, något som kvinnor i högre grad riskerar att inte få relaterat till en annan symtombild än den män uppvisar. Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva unga kvinnors erfarenheter av att ha växt upp med odiagnostiserad högfungerande autism. Metod: För att besvara studiens syfte genomfördes en kvalitativ intervjustudie med induktiv ansats. Totalt intervjuades elva kvinnor och data har analyserats med hjälp av Braun & Clarkes tematiska analys. Fynd: Analysen genererade i fem huvudteman med totalt 15 underteman. Fynden visar att studiens deltagare upplevt sig som avvikande under uppväxten. Samtliga hade haft svårigheter med socialt samspel och kommunikation samt psykiska besvär. Olika svårigheter i skolan beskrevs liksom känslighet för olika typer av stimuli. Konklusion: Det är tydligt att kvinnorna i studien presenterat symtom på autismspektrumstörning under uppväxten, vilket har lett till olika sorters lidande. Samhället generellt och sjukvårdspersonal mer specifikt behöver ha bättre kunskap om hur symtom på autism kan presentera sig olika hos flickor och pojkar. Detta för att de ska kunna erhålla det stöd de har rätt till och förhindra onödigt lidande. / Background: About one percent of the world’s population is estimated to have an autism diagnosis. It is considered to increase an individual's quality of life to obtain an autism diagnosis early in life, something that women risk not getting related to another symptom picture that men exhibit. Aim: The aim was to describe young women’s experience of growing up with an undiagnosed high-functioning autism. Method: A qualitative interview study with inductive approach was conducted. A total of eleven women was interviewed and data was analysed with Braun & Clarks thematic analysis. Findings: The analysis generated in five main themes and 15 sub-themes. The findings show that the participants of this study experienced themselves as deviant during their childhood. They all had difficulty with social interaction, communication as well as psychological problems. Various difficulty in school were described as sell as sensitivity to different types of stimuli. Conclusion: It is clear that the women in this study presented symptoms of autism spectrum disorder during childhood, which has led to various types of suffering. Society in general and healthcare professionals more specifically need to have better knowledge of how symptoms of autism can present themselves differently in girls and boys. This is to enable them to obtain the support they are entitled to and prevent unnecessary suffering.

At present, the issue of occurrence of female sex hormones, estrogens and progestogens, in aquatic ecosystems is often discussed by experts and the general public. These substances of steroid structure can be difficult to remove completely by conventional wastewater and drinking water treatment technologies. In given context advanced oxidation processes based on in situ generation of highly reactive hydroxyl radicals can be a suitable technique. This thesis deals with the study of kinetics and degradation products of photocatalytic decomposition of seven female sex hormones (estrone, -estradiol, estriol, ethinylestradiol, diethylstilbestrol, progesterone and norethindrone). Experiments were conducted in a laboratory glass reactor, which was equipped with an energy efficient UV-A LED light source (365 nm emission wavelength) and an immobilised photocatalyst in a form of TiO2 five-layer film deposited on glass. Model samples of water with the initial hormone concentration of 1 mg·L-1 were used and the degradation process was monitored by an HPLC-MS method. In the given system all compounds of interest except estriol had very significant tendency to be adsorb. In the case of estriol the formal rate constant of photocatalytic decomposition was determined based on the Langmuir-Hinshelwood model for two different initial concentrations, 0.5527 hour-1 (1 mg·L-1) and 0.1929 hour-1 (5 mg·L-1), and by comparison of these values it was found that the higher degraded compound concentration, the slower decomposition (fivefold increase of the initial concentration resulted in the constant decrease to almost one-third). Moreover nine degradation products of estriol photocatalytic decomposition were recorded and their structure was designed based on mass spectra. In the second thematic part of the thesis attention was paid to development of a SPE-HPLC-MS method for simultaneous determination of female sex hormones in water ecosystems, with emphasis on an extraction part optimization. The final samples treatment process included besides extraction with Supel™ Select HLB 200 mg SPE cartridges also mechanical impurities removal, hormones extraction from solids trapped on filtration material, sample acidification and extract purification with Supelclean™ ENVI-Florisil® cartridges. Optimised method was used for determination of female sex hormones in two Brno rivers, Svitava and Svratka. In the most cases the concentration was below the detection or quantification limit.

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal. / Cette recherche porte sur les femmes auteures d'abus sexuels, leurs actes et leurs victimes. L'approche de type phénoménologique a été retenue. Les données ont été recueillies par le biais d'entrevues semi-directives réalisées auprès de onze professionnels ayant eu dans leur clientèle soit des femmes auteures d'abuse sexuels, soit des victimes d'abus sexuels commis par des femmes. / 1. L'état des connaissances -- 1.1. L'état des connaissances -- 1.2. Les auteures, les actes et les victimes -- 1.3. Définitions des actes -- 1.4. Comment expliquer le silence entourant les abus sexuels commis par des femmes -- 2. Problématique, approche théorique et méthodologie -- 2.1. Problématique -- 2.2. Approche théorique -- 2.3. Méthodologie -- 2.4. Population visée -- 2.5. Valeur du discours des professionnels -- 2.6. Limites de l'étude / 3. Présentation des données et analyse des actes selon le Code criminel -- 3.1. Présentation des données -- 3.2. Analyse des actes en tant qu'infractions criminelles -- 3.3. Pertinence et utilité de notre typologie -- 4. Analyse dynamique et interprétation des données -- 4.1. Analyse dyanamique par les thérapeutes -- 4.2. Interprétation des données -- 4.3. Comparaison des résultats des études antérieures avec ceux de notre recherche -- 4.4. Infirmation ou confirmation des hypothèses -- 4.5. Contributions additionnelles de ce mémoire -- 5. Conclusion.