O objetivo deste trabalho é estudar o cenário de composição e produção de trilhas musicais no cinema brasileiro desde o período chamado de Retomada até a atualidade, analisando como as transformações tecnológicas na produção musical e cinematográfica, as renovações no elenco de profissionais e artistas do cinema e do mercado fonográfico, o restabelecimento de uma produção cinematográfica baseada nas leis de incentivo criadas na década de 1990 e outras contingências colaboraram para a solidificação de novos modelos de produção de trilhas musicais originais na contemporaneidade. O momento atual do mercado cinematográfico brasileiro é marcado por significativas reconfigurações nas cadeias de produção, com predominância de modelos organizacionais que se caracterizam pela produção \"projeto por projeto\", dentro dos quais é comum haver um enxugamento da estrutura profissional e logística. Os compositores musicais são caso a se destacar nesse cenário, pois seu perfil contemporâneo difere-se bastante da figura tradicional, que costumava se tratar de um músico alinhado às práticas da música de concerto, com o trabalho voltado para a escrita na partitura e a ausência de relação direta com o aparato técnico de gravação e edição analógicas. Os compositores e produtores musicais de hoje, por conta dos avanços tecnológicos nas ferramentas digitais de áudio, do barateamento de equipamentos e das transformações no mercado cinematográfico, fonográfico e publicitário, caracterizam-se em geral por criarem suas músicas já no ambiente de produção digital, comumente aliando composição, gravação, execução, edição, mixagem e sincronização com a imagem no mesmo processo; são em sua maioria donos de seus próprios estúdios de gravação ou empresas produtoras de áudio e são bastante autossuficientes, centralizando no próprio trabalho muitas das tarefas que antes requeriam um número maior de profissionais, bem como estruturas mais complexas de produção, muitas vezes inviáveis na realidade cinematográfica anterior do país. / This research aims at studying the setting of composition and production of musical scores for the Brazilian cinema since the period called as Retomada until nowadays, by analyzing how the technological transformations in music and film production, the renovations in the cast of professionals and artists involved in movies and in the music market, the reinstatement of movie production based on financial incentive laws created on the 1990s and other contingencies have collaborated to solidify new models of film scores production in the contemporary years. The present moment of Brazilian cinematographic market is marked by meaningful reconfigurations in the production chains, with the predominance of organization models characterized by the \"project by project\" productions, in which is common a reduction of the professional and logistic structure. Music composers are to be distinguished in this setting, for their contemporary profile is very different than the traditional figures, who used to be musicians aligned to the classical music practices, with works based in musical notation and without much direct relationship with the technical apparatus of analog recording and editing. Music composers and producers nowadays, because of the technological advances in digital audio tools, the lower costs of the equipment and the transformations in the movies, music and publicity markets, are characterized, in general, for creating their music in digital production environment, commonly allying composition, recording, execution, editing, mixing and synchronization with the image in the same process. They are, mostly, owners of their recording studios or audio producing companies and are very self-sufficient, concentrating in their own work a lot of tasks that would require a greater number of professionals and a more complex structure of production before, which were impracticable many times in the earlier cinematographic reality of the country.

Trots ett något befläckat och periodvis kontroversiellt förflutet, har metal och hårdrock blivit en av de större musikgenrer som har fått sin spridning och sitt fäste i stora delar av världen. Denna uppsats är ett stickprov i spontana känslor och reaktioner som metal, skriven som konventionell filmmusik, framkallar i en actionkomedi. I studien har progressiv, instrumental metal komponerats som filmmusik till en scen ur kortfilmen Clean Objective (2022) och sedan översatts till klassisk orkestermusik. Samma scen med de två olika orkestreringar visades för fyra fokusgrupper med varierande bakgrund, för att undersöka respondenternas spontana reaktioner och känslor på metal som filmmusik i jämförelse med orkestermusiken som generellt förekommer oftare än metal i film. Alla respondenter upplevde att metal förstärkte komiken i och med kontrasten mot flera av filmens element, så som det visuella, pauser i musiken, samt mot en annan låt av en annan genre som också fanns med i scenen som studien gjordes på. De flesta respondenter tyckte att orkestern var mer dynamisk, bidrog med seriositet och passade bättre för uppbyggnaden av spänning, men tyckte att metal passade i actionsekvenserna. Respondenterna bidrog även med många olika enskilda åsikter och reaktioner som också presenteras i uppsatsen.

M. Mus. (Composition) by Coursework and Research, Faculty of Humanities, University of the Witwatersrand, 2011 / The aim of this Research Report is to highlight the overt and more subtle roles that contemporary film music plays in the final presentation of a film. An analysis of selected examples by the renowned film music composer, Hans Zimmer, illustrates the techniques and musical tools that he uses to achieve certain effects which influence the way different scenes are perceived by the viewer/listener. Much of the debate revolves around the degree to which the music plays either an obvious or less obvious role in the multi-media modality of film and the techniques that the composer applies to achieve his/her desired dramatic result. I have drawn on the writings of current film music theorists in order to interrogate the interaction between music and some of the other art-forms that coalesce in the creation of the final film product.

The following report is an in depth, step-by-step analysis of the processes and experiments undertaken during the creation of the thesis film, "Lofty," written, directed, photographed, scored, and edited by Patrick William Smith. From inception to mastering the finished film, this report serves to highlight the filmmaker's rationale behind attempts at various experimental methods of pre-production, production, and post-production on the film. / text

Dans les années 1970, les cinéastes soviétiques arrivaient à faire des films de qualité malgré toutes les contraintes et bien qu’étant obligés de tourner conformément aux critères de la censure. On peut parler de l'originalité et d’une certaine liberté d'expression, comme les caractéristiques du cinéma soviétique de cette période, puisque le contrôle du contenu des films est devenu moins strict par rapport aux décennies précédentes. Ces années sont marquées par la naissance de la collaboration fructueuse du cinéaste Nikita Mikhalkov avec le compositeur Edouard Artemiev. Un regard très profond sur l’histoire et la littérature de son pays est la particularité de toutes les créations de Mikhalkov, ce qui lui a valu le Grand Prix au festival de Cannes et l'Oscar du meilleur film étranger avec Soleil trompeur (1994). Quant à Artemiev, l’auteur de l’Opéra Crime et Châtiment, la maîtrise des différents styles (musique savante, musique électronique, musique rock et musique du monde) lui a permis de posséder une large palette de possibilités pour accomplir les tâches les plus difficiles en matière de musique de film. Il s’agit donc du tandem de deux maîtres incontestables dans leurs domaines respectifs, deux artistes qui se complètent. Ce travail de recherche vise à explorer le langage musical et les choix esthétiques d’Edouard Artemiev, ainsi que les différentes fonctions de sa musique dans les films de Nikita Mikhalkov. Cette étude s’appuie sur des extraits de partitions, fournissant ainsi au lecteur des références concrètes. / In the 1970s, the Soviet filmmakers, despite of all the restraints and being obliged to conform to the censorship criteria, were able to create quality movies. It is possible to consider that the originality and a certain freedom of expression were the characteristics of the Soviet cinema at that period, due to the fact that the control over the content of movies had become less strict than in previous decades. These years were marked by the birth of the successful collaboration between the filmmaker Nikita Mikhalkov and the composer Edouard Artemiev. A deep insight of his country's history and literature is a distinctive feature of all the movies made by Mikhalkov. This particularity brought the director the Grand Prix at Cannes and the Oscar for the best foreign film for his movie Burnt by the Sun (1994). As for Artemiev, the author of the opera Crime and Punishment, his perfect knowledge of different styles (classical music, electronic music, rock and world music) allowed him to possess a wide range of possibilities in order to accomplish the most difficult tasks in creating the film music. This is the tandem of two incontestable masters in their respective fields, two artists who complement each other. This research aims to explore the musical language and the aesthetic choices of Edouard Artemiev, as well as the different functions of his music in the films of Nikita Mikhalkov. This study is based on the extracts of different scores, providing the concrete references to the reader.

I det här masterarbetet har jag musik för tre olika musikaliska sammanhang; elektronisk pop i samarbete med kurskollega, kortfilmsmusik i samarbete med filmregissör och musik till statistik i samarbete med SCB. De tre delprojekten rör sig inom olika musikaliska uttryck och har olika instrumentering. En frågeställning som genomsyrar tankegångarna i textens reflektioner är vilka likheter i fråga om uttryck och processer de tre olika verken har även om de har olika estetiska ramar och förutsättningar. Arbetet har genomförts i syfte att undersöka hur de olika inriktningarna påverkar och influerar mig som musikskapare. Går det att se hur flödet av influenser ser ut? Vidare tar jag upp olika föreställningar om att som enskild musikskapare arbeta inom olika inriktningar och medieuttryck. Metoden har utgjorts av kompositionsarbete, improvisation, musikproduktion och studioinspelningar. Resultatet av arbetet är tre olika musikverk varav två; kortfilmsmusik och musik till statistik, är en sorts beställningsverk med målet att spelas i den offentliga kulturen. / In this master dissertation, I have created music for three different musical contexts; electronic pop in collaboration with a program colleague from KMH, short film music in collaboration with film director and finally music to statistics in collaboration with Statistics Sweden (SCB. The three sub-projects move within different musical expressions and have different instrumentation. An issue that is central in the reflections of the text is what similarities in terms of expression and processes the three different works have, although they have different aesthetic frameworks. The work aims to find out how the different directions affect and influence me as a music creator. Can you see what the flow of influences looks like? Furthermore, I discuss different conceptions of working as an individual music creator in different directions and media expressions. The method has consisted of composition work, improvisation, music production and studio recordings. The result of the work is three different pieces of music, two of which; short-film music and music for statistics, is a kind of commissioned work with the goal of being played in the public culture.

From the very beginning of cinema, music always played an important role in the history of filmmaking. Nonetheless, film music is judged by critics as a kind of low-grade art form. However, the majority of film score composers enjoyed a classical education and composed as well for the silver screen as for the concert hall. Film music also has its roots in the musical era of romanticism. Therefore, symphonic film scores can be regarded as program music in a broader sense. These scores were influenced by a motion picture instead of a poem, a landscape, or a painting. It is neither necessary nor supposed that film music must be subordinate to its belonging film. In fact, a well-written film score may enhance the impact of a film by using its own language—the language of music. Film music is still not truly recognized as an own style of music which is to be performed regularly in a concert hall. There are still strong prejudices about film music—too nice, too industrial, full of clichés, and unworthy to be performed live by an orchestra. This book wants to explore the nature of film music and its relation to classical music in this volume. How is film music perceived today? Does film music have its place on its own—uncoupled from its original film—in the concert hall? And how does film music relate to other musical genres in the 19th and 20th century? With contributions by Emilio Audissino, Marco Cosci, Kristjan Järvi, Irena Paulus, Gene Pritsker, Jaume Radigales, Lorenzo Sorbo, Sebastian Stoppe, and Pascal Vandelanoitte.:Sebastian Stoppe : Film Music in Concert: Introduction Sebastian Stoppe : Film Composing between Art and Business Emilio Audissino : Overruling a Romantic Prejudice: Film Music in Concert Programs Jaume Radigales : Wagner’s Heritage in Cinema: The Bernard Herrmann Case Irena Paulus : Williams versus Wagner — Or an Attempt at Linking Musical Epics Emilio Audissino : Golden Age 2.0: John Williams and the Revival of the Symphonic Film Score Gene Pritsker: On Film Music in the 21st Century Kristjan Järvi : “A Soundtrack to Our Lives...” Gene Pritsker : Composing Cloud Atlas Symphony Lorenzo Sorbo : The Dramatic Functions of Italian Spaghetti Western Soundtracks: A Comparison between Ennio Morricone and Francesco De Masi Marco Cosci : Musical Labyrinths in Time: Alain Resnais’ L’Année dernière à Marienbad Pascal Vandelanoitte : Ludwig: Consonant Music in a Dissonant Life Contributors

"It Follows" (2014), written and directed by David Robert Mitchell, premiered at the Cannes Film Festival in 2014. It chronicles the story of Jay, a college student who contracts a curse through sexual intercourse. The curse manifests itself as a human whom only the infected persons can see, always following at a walking pace, and determined to kill if it catches up. This thesis demonstrates the score's crucial role in establishing affect, setting, and character in a film with sparse dialogue and a silent monster. Moreover, the score creates a sense of the uncanny by complicating the binary between music and sound effect and fulfills the need to create dread without resorting to the loud or sudden sounds traditionally heard in horror films. The score's composer, Richard Vreeland, achieves this effect by drawing on both classical film scoring techniques as well as more modern horror scoring styles. It is this interaction between styles that enhances the viewers' experience of dread and horror in the film. This thesis analyzes how Vreeland's score for "It Follows" exploits the poetics of the fantastical gap, of the uncanny, and of musical semiosis. I primarily focus on the "Heels" theme and use of drones in "It Follows," tracing how these musical features blur the distinction between what is score and what is sound effect. I also examine the use of melodic themes in a primarily non-melodic score. By analyzing these elements, I show how Richard Vreeland uses both classical and modern scoring techniques to answer his own question: "Why is this scary? What could push that emotion even further?"

En "Fuentes Documentales para el Estudio de la Música en el Cine Español de los Años 40" se pretende dar una visión general de cómo se desarrollaba la labor de los compositores cinematográficos en España en los primeros años de la dictadura franquista. Para ello se recurrió a toda fuente original y secundaria de la época y posterior con el fin de, en un primer lugar, contextualizar adecuadamente, política, jurídica y cinematográficamente la investigación para de este modo comprender y analizar las diferentes problemáticas que tuvieron que afrontar los compositores de cine durante dicho periodo, tales como: problemas narrativos, técnicas, deficiencias técnicas, planteamientos teóricos, etc. Tras este análisis, la tesis continúa con la exposición de una base de datos gnerada para la organización del abundante material recopilado a lo largo de la investigación y unas conclusiones que son seguidas por un bloque de apéndices constituidos por: entrevistas a familiares de compositores y profesionales; una recopilación de la legislación relacionada con la producción cinematográfica entre 1938 y 1950; la relación de los gobiernos franquistas del periodo abarcado; un listado de las bases de datos sobre cine existentes en Internet; una realción de los ganadores de los premios otorgados por el Círculo de Escritores Cinematográficos; y un texto sobre el análisis cinematográfico. / Roldán Garrote, D. (2004). Fuentes documentales para el estudio de la música en el cine español de los años 40 [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/13256 / Palancia

Forman's Amadeus and the Role of Music in Film Narrative Vedoucí diplomové práce (supervisor): Zpracoval (author): Mgr. Tereza Havelková, Ph.D. Tomáš Bazika studijní obor (program): Praha, July 2020 Obecná teorie a dějiny umění a kultury Abstract The subject of this thesis is a study of the ways of using the music of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart in Miloš Forman's motion picture Amadeus. In my thesis, I focus on how Amadeus employs pre-existing classical compositions to create a new, largely fictional narrative based on the life and music of Mozart. I argue that instead of applying pre-existing pieces as film music, Amadeus conceives individual scenes as well as its overall filmic structure to accommodate the music's expressive qualities and biographical associations. I engage in a conversation with relevant existing scholarship to establish a theoretical framework for a systematic interpretation of the meaning-making roles of music in Amadeus. Drawing on Claudia Gorbman's concept of diegetic, non-diegetic and metadiegetic sound categories, I apply her taxonomy to Amadeus in order to show how not only the selection and placement of music but also its relation to the diegesis determine its impact on the narrative. I propose that in its treatment of Mozart's music, Amadeus reverses the traditional hierarchy of the...