Dans cette thèse nous développons une technique de déformation pour l'optimisation de formes. Les formes sont représentées par leur frontière, paramétrée par des courbes de Bézier par morceaux. En tant que courbes polynomiales, elles sont définies par leurs coefficients que l'on appelle plutôt points de contrôle. Bouger les points de contrôle revient à modifier la courbe et donc déplacer la frontière des formes. Dans un contexte d'optimisation de formes, ce sont alors les points de contrôle qui sont les variables du problème et l'on a transformé ce dernier en un problème d'optimisation paramétrique. Notre méthode de déformation consiste en un premier temps à paramétrer les frontières par des courbes de Bézier comme indiqué plus haut et dans un second temps à calculer une déformation des points de contrôle à partir d'une direction de descente de la fonction objectif. Notre méthode est de nature géométrique mais l'on propose un moyen de changer la topologie des formes en mesurant la distance entre les points de contrôle : on peut scinder une forme en deux ou inversement en réunir deux en une. Nous avons testé la méthode sur trois problèmes qui sont la conception d'un filtre micro-ondes, la détection d'inclusions et les trajectoires optimales. / We develop a deformation technique for shape optimization problems. The shapes are described only by their boundary, parameterized by piecewise Bézier curves. They are polynomial curves hence entirely defined by their coefficients which are called control points. By moving these control points the curves change and so is the boundary of the shape. Used in a shape optimization problem, the control points become the optimization variables meaning that the problem is a parametric optimization problem. Our method consists in first parameterizing the boundary of a shape by Bézier curves as stated above and then compute a deformation of the control points from a descent direction for the objective function. The method is almost purely geometric but we add a way to include topological changes by diving a shape into two or conversly merging two shapes into one. We tested our method on three particular shape optimization problems which are microwave filter design, inclusions detection and optimal trajectories.

Inom miljöer med krav på hög säkerhet såsom kärnkraftverk behövs ett billigt och pålitligt alternativ för att snabbt och enkelt kunna detektera obehöriga individer vid intrång. Föreliggande rapport beskriver arbetet kring utveckling av en rörelsedetektor som har funktionen att detektera obehöriga personer inom områden där de inte har tillträde. Det slutliga målet med detta arbete är att konstruera en programmerbar krets som arbetar med signalerna från rörelsesensorn HB100, som utan underhåll kan täcka stora ytor. Arbetet har avgränsas till elektronikdesign, filterkonstruktion, EMC samt programmering av den färdiga kretsen. / Within environments with high demands on security like nuclear power plants there is a high demand on a cheap and reliable system for detection of unauthorized individuals of intrusion. This report describes the work on the development of a motion detection system using the doppler effect. The ultimate goal of this work is to design a programmable circuit that works with signals from the motion sensor HB100, which without maintenance can cover large areas. The work has been limited to electronic design, filter design, EMC and programming of the complete circuit.

Over the past ten years, there has been increased use of electronic power processing in alternative, sustainable, and distributed energy sources, as well as energy storage systems, transportation systems, and the power grid. Three-phase voltage source converters (VSCs) have become the converter of choice in many ac medium- and high-power applications due to their many advantages, such as high efficiency and fast response. For transportation applications, high power density is the key design target, since increasing power density can reduce fuel consumption and increase the total system efficiency. While power electronics devices have greatly improved the efficiency, overall performance and power density of power converters, using power electronic devices also introduces EMI issues to the system, which means filters are inevitable in those systems, and they make up a significant portion of the total system size and cost. Thus, designing for high power density for both power converters and passive components, especially filters, becomes the key issue for three-phase converters. This dissertation explores two different approaches to reducing the EMI filter size. One approach focuses on the EMI filters itself, including using advanced EMI filter structures to improve filter performance and modifying the EMI filter design method to avoid overdesign. The second approach focuses on reducing the EMI noise generated from the converter using a three-level and/or interleaving topology and changing the modulation and control methods to reduce the noise source and reduce the weight and size of the filters. This dissertation is divided into five chapters. Chapter 1 describes the motivations and objectives of this research. After an examination of the surveyed results from the literature, the challenges in this research area are addressed. Chapter 2 studies system-level EMI modeling and EMI filter design methods for voltage source converters. Filter-design-oriented EMI modeling methods are proposed to predict the EMI noise analytically. Based on these models, filter design procedures are improved to avoid overdesign using in-circuit attenuation (ICA) of the filters. The noise propagation path impedance is taken into consideration as part of a detailed discussion of the interaction between EMI filters, and the key design constraints of inductor implementation are presented. Based on the modeling, design and implementation methods, the impact of the switching frequency on EMI filter weight design is also examined. A two-level dc-fed motor drive system is used as an example, but the modeling and design methods can also be applied to other power converter systems. Chapter 3 presents the impact of the interleaving technique on reducing the system passive weight. Taking into consideration the system propagation path impedance, small-angle interleaving is studied, and an analytical calculation method is proposed to minimize the inductor value for interleaved systems. The design and integration of interphase inductors are also analyzed, and the analysis and design methods are verified on a 2 kW interleaved two-level (2L) motor drive system. Chapter 4 studies noise reduction techniques in multi-level converters. Nearest three space vector (NTSV) modulation, common-mode reduction (CMR) modulation, and common-mode elimination (CME) modulation are studied and compared in terms of EMI performance, neutral point voltage balancing, and semiconductor losses. In order to reduce the impact of dead time on CME modulation, the two solutions of improving CME modulation and compensating dead time are proposed. To verify the validity of the proposed methods for high-power applications, a 100 kW dc-fed motor drive system with EMI filters for both the AC and DC sides is designed, implemented and tested. This topology gains benefits from both interleaving and multilevel topologies, which can reduce the noise and filter size significantly. The trade-offs of system passive component design are discussed, and a detailed implementation method and real system full-power test results are presented to verify the validity of this study in higher-power converter systems. Finally, Chapter 5 summarizes the contributions of this dissertation and discusses some potential improvements for future work. / Ph. D.

The interconnection of molecular machines with different functionalities to form molecular communication systems can increase the number of design possibilities and overcome the limited reliability of the individual molecular machines. Artificial information exchange using molecular signals would also expand the capabilities of single engineered cell populations by providing them a way to cooperate across heterogeneous cell populations for the applications of synthetic biology and lab-on-a-chip systems. The realization of molecular communication systems necessitates analysis and design of the communication channel, where the information carrying molecular signal is transported from the transmitter to the receiver. In this thesis, significant progress towards the use of microfluidic channels to interconnect molecular transmitter and receiver pairs is presented. System-theoretic analysis of the microfluidic channels are performed, and a finite-impulse response filter is designed using microfluidic channels. The spectral density of the propagation noise is studied and the additive white Gaussian noise channel model is developed. Memory due to inter-diffusion of the transmitted molecular signals is also modeled. Furthermore, the interference modeling is performed for multiple transmitters and its impact on the communication capacity is shown. Finally, the efficient sampling of the signal transduction by engineered bacterial receivers connected to a microfluidic channel is investigated for the detection of the pulse-amplitude modulated molecular signals. This work lays the foundation for molecular communication over microfluidic channels that will enable interconnection of engineered molecular machines.

Based on different sampling theorem, for example classic Shannon’s sampling theorem and Papoulis’ generalized sampling theorem, signals are processed by the sampling devices without loss of information. As an interface between radio receiver front-ends and digital signal processing blocks, sampling devices play a dominant role in digital radio communications. Under the concept of Software Defined Radio (SDR), radio systems are going through the second evolution that mixes analog, digital and software technologies in modern radio designs. One design goal of SDR is to put the A/D converter as close as possible to the antenna. BandPass Sampling (BPS) enables one to have an interface between the RF or the higher IF signal and the A/D converter, and it might be a solution to SDR. However, three sources of performance degradation present in BPS systems, harmful signal spectral overlapping, noise aliasing and sampling timing jitter, hinder the conventional BPS theory from practical circuit implementations. In this thesis work, Generalized Quadrature BandPass Sampling (GQBPS) is first invented and comprehensively studied with focus on the noise aliasing problem. GQBPS consists of both BPS and FIR filtering that can use either real or complex coefficients. By well-designed FIR filtering, GQBPS can also perform frequency down-conversion in addition to noise aliasing reduction. GQBPS is a nonuniform sampling method in most cases. With respect to real circuit implementations, uniform sampling is easier to be realized compared to nonuniform sampling. GQBPS has been also extended to Generalized Uniform BandPass Sampling (GUBPS). GUBPS shares the same property of noise aliasing suppression as GQBPS besides that the samples are uniformly spaced. Due to the moving average operation of FIR filtering, the effect of sampling jitter is also reduced to a certain degree in GQBPS and GUBPS. By choosing a suitable sampling rate, harmful signal spectral overlapping can be avoided. Due to the property of quadrature sampling, the “self image” problem caused by I/Q mismatches is eliminated. Comprehensive theoretical analyses and program simulations on GQBPS and GUBPS have been done based on a general mathematic model. Circuit architecture to implementing GUBPS in Switched-Capacitor circuit technique has been proposed and analyzed. To improve the selectivity at the sampling output, FIR filtering is extended by adding a 1st order complex IIR filter in the implementation. GQBPS and GUBPS operate in voltage-mode. Besides voltage sampling, BPS can also be realized by charge sampling in current-mode. Most other research groups in this area are focusing on bandpass charge sampling. However, the theoretical analysis shows that our GQBPS and GUBPS in voltage mode are more efficient to suppress noise aliasing as compared to bandpass charge sampling with embedded filtering. The aliasing bands of sampled-data spectrum are always weighted by continuous-frequency factors for bandpass charge sampling with embedded filtering while discrete-frequency factors for GQBPS and GUBPS. The transmission zeros of intrinsic filtering will eliminate the corresponding whole aliasing bands of both signal and noise in GQBPS and GUBPS, while it will only cause notches at a limited set of frequencies in bandpass charge sampling. In addition, charge sampling performs an intrinsic continuous-time sinc function that always includes lowpass filtering. This is a drawback for a bandpass input signal. / QC 20100921

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / This work introduces some proposals for the design of harmonic filters from a harmonic penetration computer program. Such procedures are developed by means of optimized techniques, taking in account, among other aspects, the filtering performance, the filter detuning as well as international guides referring to the supportability of the filter components, as far as voltage, current and power are concerned. The work shows the need for designing filters through a harmonic penetration program. Therefore, the filter parameters can be calculated not only from harmonic currents driven from a single harmonic source (as usually it is made), but also from other existing (and unwanted) harmonic sources eventually present in the system, which could eventually be attracted by the harmonic filter. The work also introduces some studies of cases, in which single tuned filters are compared to damped filter. This study is made in a typical industrial plant, where an arc furnace (that produces characteristic and non-characteristic harmonic) is present. The study shows, among other aspects that, depending on some important requirements made in the design of the filters, a damped filter arrangement can be more advantageous than a single tuned one. / Este trabalho propõe diretrizes para a elaboração de procedimentos sistemáticos que conduzem ao projeto de filtros harmônicos, a partir de um programa de fluxo harmônico. Tais procedimentos são desenvolvidos por meio de técnicas otimizadas, levando-se em conta, dentre outros aspectos, o desempenho de filtragem, a dessintonia dos filtros, bem como normas referentes à suportabilidade dos componentes frente às grandezas elétricas do sistema. A elaboração de um projeto de filtros a partir de um programa de fluxo harmônico foi introduzida com o intuito de se determinar os filtros não somente a partir das correntes harmônicas oriundas de uma determinada carga harmônica (como usualmente é feito), mas também para outras fontes harmônicas porventura existentes no sistema e que, eventualmente, poderão ser indesejavelmente (porém, inevitavelmente) atraídas pelo filtro harmônico. O trabalho também apresenta alguns estudos de casos, nos quais há a comparação de desempenho entre filtros sintonizados e amortecidos. Neste sentido, o trabalho usa o programa digital desenvolvido para apresentar uma análise sobre o uso de filtros sintonizados ou amortecidos, em uma instalação industrial típica de usinas siderúrgicas, que produz correntes harmônicas de ordens não-características, inclusive. Nesse tocante, este estudo de casos mostra, dentre outros aspectos, que, dependendo de certas considerações feitas no projeto dos filtros sintonizados, estes podem até dispensar somas de potência reativa maiores do que os filtros amortecidos. / Mestre em Ciências

Les filtres plantés de roseaux à écoulement vertical (FPR-V) pour le traitement des eaux usées domestiques sont relativement bien développés en France et permettent de réaliser un traitement poussé de la matière carbonée et la nitrification. La robustesse de cette filière réside également dans sa capacité à accepter des surcharges hydrauliques en temps de pluie. Cependant ces limites d’acceptation hydraulique ne sont pas bien définies et demandent à être optimisées. La conception des FPR-V pour accepter des surcharges hydrauliques est un travail complexe car le contexte local affecte fortement les débits d’eau entrants dans la station lors d’un événement pluvieux. Dans de tels cas, la conception de filtres demande l’utilisation de modèles dynamiques. Ces modèles s’appuient le plus souvent sur une approche mécanistique et sont à l'origine conçus et utilisés pour la recherche. Cependant, si ces modèles sont des outils puissants pour décrire en détail la dynamique du FPR-V, ils sont généralement trop complexes à manipuler pour des utilisateurs non experts. Choisir entre une description détaillée et une manipulation facile dépendra des objectifs de modélisation. Quand des objectifs de dimensionnement global sont visés par les concepteurs, l'utilisation de modèles simplifiés semble une bonne alternative. Les modèles simplifiés sont faciles à utiliser pour la conception de FPR-V mais ils sont peu nombreux. Cependant ils sont adaptés à des configurations spécifiques liées au traitement des surverses de déversoirs d’orage, ce qui n’est pas le cas pour les FPR-V traitant des eaux usées domestiques. En effet, pour ce type de FPR-V les vitesses d’infiltration du système varient considérablement. En conséquence, ce travail de thèse a pour objectif de développer un modèle hydraulique simplifié des FPR-V qui permettra de guider les concepteurs dans le processus d’adaptation des FPR-V pour traiter les eaux usées domestiques des périodes de temps sec et de temps de pluie. Le modèle simplifié permet de relier (i) l’hydraulique du filtre, en simulant le temps de noyage à la surface, et (ii) les performances biologiques, en établissant des «alertes de dysfonctionnement », basées sur l'évaluation des performances épuratoires et sur les variations des formes azotées à la sortie du filtre mesurées en continu. Les «alertes de dysfonctionnement» représentent la charge hydraulique maximale qu'un filtre peut accepter sans compromettre son activité biologique. Le modèle simplifié a été utilisé pour la modélisation hydraulique du FPR-V à long terme (i) pour analyser l’impact du contexte local et la conception du filtre dans l’acceptation de surcharges hydrauliques. Grâce à cet analyse, (ii) on peut proposer les dimensionnements de FPR-V qui arrivent à mieux gérer l’acceptation des surcharges hydrauliques. / French vertical-flow constructed wetlands (VFCW) directly treating raw wastewater are known to perform well on for SS, COD and nitrification. They are also known to robustly cope with hydraulic overloads during rainfall events. Although numerous systems have been installed in areas equipped with a combined sewer, the limits of stormwater acceptance remain ill-defined and need to be improved. Looking at the various VFCW designs and usages reported in the literature, it is difficult to draw any consensus on their hydraulic limits. Consequently, designing VFCW to accept hydraulic overloads is a complex task, as local context strongly impacts inlet flows produced during rainfall events. Dynamic models appear a requisite for filter design in such cases. Numerical CW models have essentially focused on horizontal flow, with few attempting to study VFCW dynamics which are more commonly tackled via mechanistic models. Although mechanistic models are powerful tools for describing processes within the VFCW, they are generally too complicated to be readily used by designers. The choice between detailed description and easy handling will depend on the modelling aims. If the aim is a global design tool, simplified models offer a good alternative. However, the simplified models geared to studying VFCW dynamics are extremely reduced. They are easy-handling for design and well-adapted to specific purposes (combined sewer overflow -CSO- treatment) but not necessarily to VFCW treating combined sewer wastewater, where long-term infiltration rates vary significantly. Consequently, this PhD thesis work focused on developing a simplified hydraulic model of VFCW to guide designers through the process of adapting VFCW systems to treat domestic wastewater in both dry and rain events. The simplified model makes it possible to link (i) hydraulics, by simulation of ponding time variations, (ii) biological performances, by establishing “dysfunction alerts” based on treatment performance assessment and variations in online N forms effluent from the young VFCW. These “dysfunction alerts” plot the maximal hydraulic load that a filter can accept without compromising its biological activity. The simplified model was used to model long-term hydraulics in the VFCW (i) to analyze the impact of local context and filter design on hydraulic overload acceptance (using “dysfunction alerts” and bypass discharges) and (ii) to propose VFCW designs for accepting hydraulic overload in different contexts. The modelling demonstrates that VFCW can limit days with bypass discharges to less than 20 times per year without jeopardizing filter performances. Moreover, the most problematic scenario on stormwater treatment remains a watershed with high imperviousness coefficient and low slope under a Bretagne-type climate, demonstrating that the filter is more sensitive to periodicity and duration than to intensity of rainfall events.

[ES] El creciente número de dispositivos intercambiando datos ha empujado a las empresas del sector espacial a utilizar bandas de frecuencia cada vez más altas, como Ku, K y Ka, ya que permiten emplear canales de frecuencia más anchos. A medida que disminuye la longitud de onda, el tamaño de los filtros se reduce y, por tanto, son más sensibles a las desviaciones de fabricación. Para compensar estos errores, es necesario emplear elementos de sintonía en la etapa de diseño. En este contexto presentamos una estrategia de diseño que permite incluir todos los factores no ideales, como elementos de sintonía o esquinas redondeadas, en las simulaciones finales de filtros y multiplexores. Una vez se han fabricado los filtros es necesario ajustar manualmente los elementos de sintonía hasta recuperar la respuesta objetivo. Sin embargo, para realizar esta tarea con éxito es necesario tener mucha experiencia previa y, aún así, conlleva un tiempo considerable. Por tanto, también proponemos un procedimiento de sintonización eficiente y sistemático que permite a cualquier persona, independientemente de su experiencia previa en sintonización, realizar esta tarea con éxito. Además del aumento de las tasas de transmisión, otros desafíos del sector espacial son reducir el tamaño y peso de sus componentes, así como dotarlos de capacidad dereconfiguración. Emplear dispositivos multifunción como filtros multibanda o dispositivos reconfigurables es una posible solución. En este contexto, proponemos una nueva familia de filtros multibanda en guía de ondas que puede adaptarse a las futuras necesidades del sector espacial. Con el mismo objetivo, también proponemos una familia de dispositivos reconfigurables de varios estados discretos que pueden modificar su comportamiento de forma remota. / [CA] El creixent nombre de dispositius intercanviant dades ha empés a les empreses del sector espacial a utilitzar bandes de freqüència cada vegada més altes, com Ku, K i Ka, ja que permeten fer servir canals de freqüència més amples. A mesura que la longitud d'ona disminueix, la mida dels filtres es redueix i, per tant, són més sensibles a les desviacions de fabricació. Per compensar aquests errors, és necessari fer servir elements de sintonia en l'etapa de disseny. En aquest context presentem una estratègia de disseny que permet incloure tots els factors no ideals, com a elements de sintonia o cantonades arrodonides, en les simulacions finals de filtres i multiplexors. Una vegada s'han fabricat els filtres és necessari ajustar manualment els elements de sintonia fins a recuperar la resposta objectiu. Però, per realitzar aquesta tasca amb èxit és necessari tenir molta experiència prèvia i, així i tot, comporta un temps considerable. Per tant, també proposem un procediment de sintonització eficient i sistemàtic que permet a qualsevol persona, independentment de la seua experiència prèvia en sintonització, realitzar aquesta tasca amb èxit. A més de l'augment de les taxes de transmissió, altres desafiaments de el sector espacial són reduir la mida i pes dels seus components, així com dotar-los de capacitat de reconfiguració. Emprar dispositius multifunció com filtres multibanda o dispositius reconfigurables és una possible solució. En aquest context, proposem una nova família de filtres multibanda en guia d'ones que pot adaptar-se a les futures necessitats del sector espacial. Amb el mateix objectiu, també proposem una família de dispositius reconfigurables de diversos estats discrets que poden modificar el seu comportament de forma remota. / [EN] The need for ever increasing data rate of modern communication systems has motivated companies in the space sector to exploit higher frequency bands, such as Ku, K and Ka, in order to offer wider bandwidths to their customers. However, as the frequency increases, the wavelength decreases, and all waveguide hardware becomes smaller and more sensitive to deviations from the ideal dimensions that normally occur when manufacturing the devices. In order to compensate for these deviations (or errors), tuning elements must then be added to the hardware and included in the design process. In this context, therefore, we focus on the investigation of novel design strategies for filters and multiplexers with the objective of including all necessary non-ideal factors in the design process. It is important to note in this context that, once the filters are manufactured, the tuning elements are usually adjusted manually until the desired target performance has been achieved. However, successfully performing this task requires a considerable amount of time and very significant previous experience in tuning microwave filters. Consequently, an additional goal of our research work is to propose efficient and systematic tuning procedures so that anyone, regardless of their previous tuning experience, can successfully perform this difficult task. In addition to the increasing data rates, another current challenge of advanced communication systems is the ability to be reconfigured remotely to adjust to changes in costumer demands. The use of multi-function or reconfigurable devices is then an attractive possible solution. In this context, therefore, we also investigate new families of multi-band waveguide filters that can be used to accommodate several pass bands in the same filtering device. Furthermore, we also propose a new family of reconfigurable devices with several discrete states that can be easily controlled remotely. / Melgarejo Lermas, JC. (2021). Advanced Techniques for the Design and Optimization of Multi-Band and Reconfigurable Microwave Waveguide Filters [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/172728 / TESIS

This master’s thesis is bent on comparison of four newest method of analog frequency filter design. After the introductory part, a description of properties and internal structure of active elements (Second-Generation Current Conveyor), VG-CCII (Variable Gain Current Conveyor), VCG-CCII (Voltage and current gained second generation current conveyor) a CFTA (Current Follower Transconductance Amplifier) is mentioned. This active elements are used in subsequent design. At the next part, process of frequency filters design by generalized method of filter design flowing from the full admittance network, by extending autonomous circuits, design using the signal flow graphs theory and design with synthetic high-order elements are presented. Thirty nine autonomous circuits are derived from full admittance networks with one and two active elements CFTA. Selected autonomous circuits are used for direct design of frequency filter and for filter design by extending autonomous circuits. Produced structures guarantee the possibility of controlling the quality factor Q0 independently of the characteristic frequency f0. Three frequency filters are designed by method using the signal flow graph theory. Active elements CFTA, VG-CCI and VCG-CCII are used. Full multifunctional frequency filter with conveyors VG-CCII and VCG-CCII guarantee the possibility of controlling the quality factor Q0 and the characteristic frequency f0 independently of the each other. In last part, from 2nd to 5th order low-pass filters by the method using synthetic high-order elements are designed. The behaviour of the selected filters has been verified by simulations in the PSpice program for all of the mentioned methods separately.

Para abordar el análisis de estas estructuras de forma altamente eficiente, se pretenden utilizar dos enfoques distintos, que llevarían a dos técnicas distintas y eficientes, pero cada una de ellas con sus ventajas e inconvenientes respecto de la otra, que podremos concluir una vez finalizado el trabajo de investigación. Por un lado, se pretende utilizar el Método de los Momentos, una técnica numérica que convierte las ecuaciones integrales de un problema electromagnético en un sistema linear, expandiendo la magnitud desconocida usando un conjunto de funciones con coeficientes desconocidos. Al forzar las condiciones de contorno, en este caso de potencial eléctrico, en un determinado número de puntos, se obtiene un sistema linear de ecuaciones que será resuelto numéricamente. Por otro lado, según el segundo enfoque, pretende utilizar una expansión en modos cilíndricos del campo, tanto incidente como dispersado. Dada la geometría circular de las vías éstas pueden ser caracterizadas de forma analítica mediante espectros circulares. Posteriormente se resolverá el acoplo entre las vías mediante el método de [1] pero generalizado al caso de objetos inmersos en un medio dieléctrico infinito, y se desarrollará un nuevo método de acoplo modal entre modos cilíndricos y modos guiados proyectando las ecuaciones del acoplo modal tanto sobre modos cilíndricos como sobre modos guiados para evitar las singularidades que aparecen con el método de de [2] cuando los planos de referencia están muy próximos al objeto dispersor. Por tanto, esta técnica caracterizará las vías de forma analítica y resolverá las integrales del acoplo de modos mediante la transformada rápida de Fourier. Para aumentar más aún la eficiencia de ambos métodos se evitará repetir los cálculos para cada punto en frecuencia, y se implementará la técnica de barrido rápido en frecuencia similar descrita en [3], adaptándola al caso particular de cada método de análisis, aunque se prevé que quizá dicho procedimiento sea más difícil de implementar en el segundo método. Se espera que ambas técnicas puedan proporcionar unos tiempos de computación inferiores a los del software comercial de análisis electromagnético más habitual (i.e. HFSS), y también inferiores a otros métodos de análisis recientemente aparecidos en la bibliografía técnica ([4],[5],[6]). En concreto, se espera que los tiempos de computación para barrido discreto en frecuencia sea inferior con el segundo método ya que usa únicamente expresiones analíticas y transformada rápida de Fourier, pero, dado que el primer método es más susceptible de realizar barrido rápido en frecuencia, éste puede ser muy útil a la hora de realizar muchos análisis consecutivos. Una vez se disponga de métodos eficientes para el análisis de dispositivos SIW, se abordará el diseño de varios dispositivos pasivos en esta tecnología (filtros de diferentes topologías, diplexores, multiplexores, híbridos, acopladores, etc.). Como se dispone de una vasta experiencia en el grupo de investigación en el diseño de dispositivos en guía de onda rectangular, se puede como primera aproximación realizar el diseño en guía, y luego transformar esta estructura guiada en otra en tecnología SIW mediante unas reglas empíricas que relacionan ambas tecnologías [7]. Posteriormente se debe ajustar el diseño en el dispositivo SIW ya que estas reglas empíricas no consiguen que la respuesta sea idéntica a la del dispositivo guiado original, principalmente debido al hecho de que los irises rectangulares de la guía son transformados en vías metalizadas con geometría circular, no rectangular. Para minimizar este ajuste, se diseñará el dispositivo guiado con irises con esquinas redondeadas en la cavidad (método de [8] pero con un simulador más eficiente [9]), haciendo que el radio de esas esquinas redondeadas coincida con el de las vías metalizadas que se van a utilizar en el dispositivo SIW. Esto permitirá [...] (Ver documento anexo) / Díaz Caballero, E. (2013). Efficient analysis and design of devices in Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) technology [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/34627 / TESIS