Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-06-10T19:20:11Z No. of bitstreams: 1 VanessaLimeiraAzevedoGomes_TESE.pdf: 3568027 bytes, checksum: 5b81da1eba84c90799bbf4cc69a3c6c1 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-06-13T20:36:35Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 VanessaLimeiraAzevedoGomes_TESE.pdf: 3568027 bytes, checksum: 5b81da1eba84c90799bbf4cc69a3c6c1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-13T20:36:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 VanessaLimeiraAzevedoGomes_TESE.pdf: 3568027 bytes, checksum: 5b81da1eba84c90799bbf4cc69a3c6c1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-11-20 / Ag?ncia Nacional do Petr?leo - ANP / A inje??o de ?gua em reservat?rios de petr?leo ? uma t?cnica de recupera??o amplamente utilizada para a recupera??o de ?leo. No entanto, a ?gua injetada cont?m part?culas suspensas que podem ser retidas, causando dano ? forma??o e perda de injetividade. Nesses casos, ? necess?rio estimular a forma??o danificada com o intuito de restaurar a injetividade dos po?os injetores. A perda de injetividade causa um grande impacto negativo ? economia de produ??o de petr?leo e, por isso, prever a injetividade ? importante para o gerenciamento de projetos de inje??o de ?gua. Modelos matem?ticos para perda de injetividade permitem estudar o efeito da qualidade da ?gua injetada bem como das caracter?sticas do po?o e da forma??o. Dessa forma, foi desenvolvido um modelo matem?tico da perda de injetividade para po?os injetores canhoneados. A novidade cient?fica deste trabalho refere-se ? modelagem e previs?o da perda de injetividade em po?os canhoneados injetores, considerando a filtra??o profunda e forma??o do reboco externo em canhoneados esferoidais. A modelagem cl?ssica para a filtra??o profunda foi reescrita em coordenadas esferoidais. A solu??o para a concentra??o de part?culas em suspens?o foi obtida analiticamente e a concentra??o de part?culas retidas, que causam dano ? forma??o, foi resolvida numericamente. Considerando uma vaz?o injetada constante e utilizando a lei de Darcy modificada, estimamos a imped?ncia, definida como sendo o inverso da injetividade normalizada pelo inverso da injetividade inicial. Finalmente, foram realizados testes de injetividade cl?ssicos para fluxo linear, em amostras de Arenito Berea, e tamb?m em amostras "canhoneadas". Os par?metros do modelo, coeficientes de filtra??o e de dano ? forma??o, obtidos a partir do tratamento dos dados, foram utilizados para a verifica??o da modelagem proposta. As simula??es mostraram um bom ajuste aos dados experimentais, sendo observado que a raz?o entre o tamanho das part?culas e dos poros tem grande influ?ncia no comportamento da perda de injetividade. / Water injection in oil reservoirs is a recovery technique widely used for oil recovery. However, the injected water contains suspended particles that can be trapped, causing formation damage and injectivity decline. In such cases, it is necessary to stimulate the damaged formation looking forward to restore the injectivity of the injection wells. Injectivity decline causes a major negative impact to the economy of oil production, which is why, it is important to foresee the injectivity behavior for a good waterflooding management project. Mathematical models for injectivity losses allow studying the effect of the injected water quality, also the well and formation characteristics. Therefore, a mathematical model of injectivity losses for perforated injection wells was developed. The scientific novelty of this work relates to the modeling and prediction of injectivity decline in perforated injection wells, considering deep filtration and the formation of external cake in spheroidal perforations. The classic modeling for deep filtration was rewritten using spheroidal coordinates. The solution to the concentration of suspended particles was obtained analytically and the concentration of the retained particles, which cause formation damage, was solved numerically. The acquisition of the solution to impedance assumed a constant injection rate and the modified Darcy?s Law, defined as being the inverse of the normalized injectivity by the inverse of the initial injectivity. Finally, classic linear flow injectivity tests were performed within Berea sandstone samples, and within perforated samples. The parameters of the model, filtration and formation damage coefficients, obtained from the data, were used to verify the proposed modeling. The simulations showed a good fit to the experimental data, it was observed that the ratio between the particle size and pore has a large influence on the behavior of injectivity decline.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-06-23T20:18:47Z No. of bitstreams: 1 MarcosAndreCapitulinoDeBarrosFilho_DISSERT.pdf: 1391023 bytes, checksum: c9de84ee4fe7550a9fa173f8a04d4002 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-06-27T21:06:25Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 MarcosAndreCapitulinoDeBarrosFilho_DISSERT.pdf: 1391023 bytes, checksum: c9de84ee4fe7550a9fa173f8a04d4002 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-27T21:06:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MarcosAndreCapitulinoDeBarrosFilho_DISSERT.pdf: 1391023 bytes, checksum: c9de84ee4fe7550a9fa173f8a04d4002 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-14 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / Apesar das in?meras vantagens advindas do uso da tecnologia de membranas filtrantes, algumas limita??es inerentes ao processo de incrusta??o tornam-se relevantes para sua aplicabilidade. O controle das condi??es operacionais consiste em importante ferramenta para mitigar o fouling e alcan?ar bons n?veis de efici?ncia. Nesse sentido, o objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar o efeito da press?o transmembrana e da vaz?o de concentrado no desempenho da ultrafiltra??o, aplicada ao p?s-tratamento de esgoto sanit?rio. O processo foi avaliado e otimizado variando-se a press?o (0,5 e 1,5 bar) e a vaz?o de concentrado (300 e 600 L/h), por meio de um planejamento fatorial 22, a fim de investigar os efeitos no fluxo permeado e na qualidade dos efluentes gerados, em cada condi??o operacional. Avaliaram-se os seguintes indicadores de qualidade para os permeados: pH, Condutividade El?trica, S?lidos Suspensos Totais, Turbidez, C?lcio e Demanda Qu?mica de Oxig?nio (DQO). Em todos os ensaios, observou-se diminui??o acentuada do fluxo permeado nos instantes iniciais, seguida de uma queda lenta que se prolongou at? atingir um patamar relativamente constante por volta dos 120 minutos de filtra??o. O aumento da press?o resultou em maior fluxo permeado inicial, por?m a queda do fluxo com o tempo foi maior para os ensaios realizados a press?o mais elevada, evidenciando um processo de incrusta??o mais pronunciado. Por outro lado, o aumento da vaz?o de concentrado resultou em queda mais lenta de fluxo permeado com o tempo de filtra??o. Com rela??o a qualidade dos permeados, a press?o transmembrana de 0,5 bar foi a que permitiu melhores resultados, sendo confirmado estatisticamente, por meio do teste da ANOVA two-way com medidas repetidas, efeito significativo da press?o sobre a turbidez do permeado. A vaz?o de concentrado, por sua vez, n?o apresentou influ?ncia significativa sobre nenhum dos par?metros de qualidade. Dessa forma, considerando que o efeito do aumento da vaz?o de concentrado no retardamento do fouling n?o resultou em melhoria significativa do fluxo permeado, conclui-se que a condi??o operacional otimizada para a gera??o de permeados com maior grau de pureza, associado a gera??o de um menor volume de res?duo, consiste naquela em que se aplica uma press?o transmembrana baixa associada a uma vaz?o menor de concentrado. / Despite the numerous advantages resulting from the use of membrane filters technology, intrinsic limitations fouling process become relevant to its applicability. The control of operating conditions is an important tool to mitigate fouling and achieve good levels of efficiency. In this sense, the objective of this study was to investigate the effect of transmembrane pressure and concentrate flow in the performance of ultrafiltration, applied to the post-treatment of domestic sewage. The process was evaluated and optimized by varying the pressure (0.5 and 1.5 bar) and the concentrate flow (300 and 600 L/h), using a 22 factorial design, in order to investigate the effects on the permeate flow and quality of effluents generated at each operating condition. We evaluated the following quality indicators for permeate: pH, electrical conductivity, total suspended solids, turbidity, calcium and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD). In all tests, we observed marked reduction in the permeate flux at the early stages, followed by a slow decline that lasted until it reaches a relatively constant level, around 120 minutes of filtration. The increased pressure resulted in a higher initial permeate flux, but the decrease of the flow with time is greater for tests at higher pressure, indicating a more pronounced fouling process. On the other hand, increasing the concentrate flow resulted in a slower decline in permeate flux with the filtration time. Regarding the quality of permeate, the transmembrane pressure of 0,5 bar was the one that allowed better results, and was statistically confirmed through the two-way ANOVA test with repeated measures, significant effect of pressure on the turbidity of the permeate. The concentrate flow, in turn, showed no significant influence on any of the quality parameters. Thus, we conclude that, from an economic and environmental point of view, it is more interesting to operate ultrafiltration membrane system with a lower concentrate flow associated with a low transmembrane pressure, since under these conditions will produce less waste, and the permeate will present lower concentrations of the analyzed constituent, especially lower turbidity.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-02-20T22:36:45Z No. of bitstreams: 1 MichellSmithGomesDaSilva_DISSERT.pdf: 497467 bytes, checksum: 682d0d320bb5da2124c9690a67fc0e26 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-02-23T23:07:42Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 MichellSmithGomesDaSilva_DISSERT.pdf: 497467 bytes, checksum: 682d0d320bb5da2124c9690a67fc0e26 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-23T23:07:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MichellSmithGomesDaSilva_DISSERT.pdf: 497467 bytes, checksum: 682d0d320bb5da2124c9690a67fc0e26 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-02 / ?guas com turbidez e cor aparente baixas a moderadas s?o eventualmente desafiadoras para tratar, principalmente em Esta??es de Tratamentos de ?gua (ETAs) de ciclo completo com clarifica??o por decanta??o (ETAs ?convencionais?). Esse tipo de ?gua pode ser coagulada no mecanismo de varredura, geralmente com dose de coagulante elevada, a fim de produzir flocos sediment?veis que sejam removidos no decantador. Contudo a coagula??o no mecanismo de adsor??o e neutraliza??o de cargas ? vantajosa, com dose usualmente mais baixa, sendo que, nesse caso, haver? apenas a desestabiliza??o das part?culas e a forma??o de flocos muito pequenos (n?o sediment?veis) que ser?o removidos nos filtros. Em alguns casos a ETA possibilita o by-pass da ?gua diretamente para os filtros (com ou sem pr?-flocula??o), pois as unidades de decanta??o praticamente perdem sua fun??o e a ETA, embora fisicamente seja configurada como de ciclo completo, opera como um sistema de filtra??o direta. Apesar das vantagens desta configura??o, ? geralmente mais dif?cil para o operador encontrar a dose e pH adequados para coagula??o no mecanismo de adsor??o e neutraliza??o de cargas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi adequar uma ETA com tais caracter?sticas. Fizemos ensaios em jarteste simulando a tecnologia de ciclo completo e de filtra??o direta descendente, e tratamentos como pr?-oxida??o, coagula??o, pr?-oxida??o com coagula??o e adsor??o com coagula??o, variando as doses dos respectivos produtos em cada tratamento e em pH diferentes. Todos os tratamentos realizados atenderam a Portaria 2.914/11 para cor aparente, por?m somente os tratamentos em que houve a coagula??o atenderam para turbidez e cor aparente simultaneamente, sendo os melhores resultados do tratamento de pr?-oxida??o com coagula??o. / Water with turbidity and color apparent low to moderate are sometimes challenging to treat, especially in Water Treatment Plants (WTP) of full cycle with clarification by decantation (WTPs "conventional") because should be coagulated preferably in adsorption-neutralization mechanism loads. Such water can be coagulated in the sweep mechanism, generally with a high dose of coagulant, to produce settleable flocs which are removed in the decanter. However, it is also possible, in an advantageous overall, making the water coagulation at adsorption and charge neutralization mechanism with usually lower dose, and in this case there will be only a destabilization of the particles and formation of tiny floc (not settleable) to be removed on the filters. In some cases WTP enables the bypass of water directly to the filter (with or without pre-flocculation), since the decantion units practically lost its function and ETA, although it is physically configured as a complete cycle, it operates as a direct filtration system. Despite the advantages of this configuration, it is generally more difficult for the operator to find the dose and pH suitables for the adsorption and charge neutralization mechanism. The objective was to adapt a WTP with such characteristics. We did jartest tests simulating the complete cycle and downstream direct filtration, and treatments as pre-oxidation, coagulation, preoxidation with coagulation and adsorption coagulation, varying dosages of the respective products in each treatment and at different pH. All treatments performed attended Ordinance 2.914/11 for apparent color, but only the treatments in which there was coagulation attended for turbidity and apparent color simultaneously, and the best results of treatment of pre-oxidation with coagulation.

Submitted by Celso Magalhaes (celsomagalhaes@ufrrj.br) on 2017-06-13T12:24:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Leandro Azevedo Silva.pdf: 63779080 bytes, checksum: f77d63d9585271a492573ca45c79e4b8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-13T12:24:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Leandro Azevedo Silva.pdf: 63779080 bytes, checksum: f77d63d9585271a492573ca45c79e4b8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-01-25 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / The undesirable fluid invasion into the reservoir rock can cause irreversible damage to the rock formation. In order to avoid such problems, solid particles are used as bridging and weighting agent in drilling fluid formulations. The physico-chemical characteristics of these materials have a strong influence on cake formation and therefore on filtration rate and mud-filtrate invasion in rock formations. Thus, the control of filter-cake properties is critical in the oil well drilling process. The focus of this research was to evaluate the effect of calcium carbonate particle size and the concentration of two different types of polymeric viscosifier on static filtration tests. The experiments were performed in a HTHP cell (High Temperature, High Pressure) manufactured by OFI Testing Equipment?. This apparatus was previously used by Calabrez (2013), Martins (2013), and Ferraz (2014). The filter cake parameters evaluated were: porosity, permeability, cake thickness, filtrate volume, growth rate, and compressibility index. The particle size distribution of calcium carbonate, the viscosifier and its respective concentration influenced the rheology of the fluids and the filtration process. Equations that describe the filtration phenomenon and which allow the calculation of the filtration parameters were evaluated. Experimental data obtained in other studies were assessed in order to validate the studied model. Based on literature models, the simulation of drilling fluid filtrate invasion was performed in an oil well connecting the filtration and filtrate invasion equations. Using the simulation result of each fluid behavior it was possible to predict the characteristics of the fluid which will cause less damage to the oil well in this context. / A invas?o indesej?vel de fluido na rocha reservat?rio pode causar danos irrevers?veis ? forma??o rochosa. Com o intuito de mitigar tais problemas, part?culas s?lidas s?o utilizadas como material obturante e adensante na composi??o de fluidos de perfura??o. As caracter?sticas f?sico-qu?micas destes materiais t?m forte influ?ncia na forma??o da torta de filtra??o e consequentemente na taxa de filtra??o e invas?o de filtrado nas forma??es rochosas. Desta forma, o controle das propriedades da torta ? fundamental no processo de perfura??o de po?os de petr?leo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do tamanho das part?culas de Carbonato de C?lcio e da concentra??o de dois tipos de viscosificantes polim?ricos distintos em testes de filtra??o est?tica. Os experimentos foram conduzidos em uma c?lula HTHP (High Temperature, High Pressure) produzida pela OFI Testing Equipments?. Os par?metros da torta avaliados foram: porosidade, permeabilidade, espessura da torta, volume de filtrado, fator de crescimento e ?ndice de compressibilidade. A distribui??o granulom?trica do carbonato de c?lcio, o viscosificante e sua respectiva concentra??o influenciaram na reologia dos fluidos e no processo de filtra??o. Foram avaliadas equa??es que descrevem o fen?meno de filtra??o e permitem o c?lculo de par?metros de filtra??o. Dados experimentais obtidos na literatura foram usados com o objetivo de validar o modelo estudado. Com base em modelos da literatura foi realizada a simula??o da invas?o de filtrado de fluido de perfura??o em um po?o de petr?leo conectando as equa??es de filtra??o e invas?o. Com o resultado da simula??o do comportamento de cada fluido pode-se prever quais as caracter?sticas do fluido que causar? menor dano ao po?o.

This thesis studied the viability of recycling filter substrates as soil amendments after being used in on-site systems for phosphorus (P) removal from wastewater. Focus was put on the materials Filtra P and Polonite, which are commercial products used in compact filters in Sweden. A prerequisite for this choice was to review filter materials and P sorption capacity. The filter substrates (Filtra P, Polonite and wollastonite tailings) were recycled from laboratory infiltration columns as soil amendments to a neutral agricultural soil and to an acid meadow soil to study their impacts on soil properties and yield of barley and ryegrass. The amendments tended to improve the yield and showed a liming effect, significantly increasing soil pH and the availability of P. In another experiment, samples of Filtra P and Polonite were equilibrated in batch experiments with the two soils in order to study the P dynamics in the soil-substrate system.  Batch equilibrations confirmed the liming potential of Filtra P and Polonite and showed that improved P availability in soils was strongly dependent on substrate P concentration, phase of sorbed P, and soil type. Finally, samples of Polonite used for household wastewater treatment were recycled as soil amendments to a mountain meadow and to an agricultural field for wheat cropping. The liming effect of Polonite was confirmed under field conditions and the results were similar to those of lime for the mountain meadow soil. However, the results were quite different for the agricultural field, where Polonite did not affect soil pH or any other chemical and physical soil properties investigated and had no impact on wheat yield and quality. The results from field experiments suggested that Polonite can be safely recycled to meadows and cropping fields at rates of 5-10 ton ha-1 but long-term studies are needed to forecast the effects of accumulation. / QC 20100708

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2017-05-03T18:45:04Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Renan Fraga Barbosa.pdf: 4950481 bytes, checksum: 7339d2f44b8f9102ca0d628cc4a99002 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-03T18:45:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Renan Fraga Barbosa.pdf: 4950481 bytes, checksum: 7339d2f44b8f9102ca0d628cc4a99002 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-25 / Funda??o de Apoio ? Pesquisa Cient?fica e Tecnol?gica da UFRRJ / The filtration loss is a phenomenon caused by the gradient pressure between the annular region and the rock formation during the drilling of an oil and gas well under overbalanced conditions. The invasion of fluids may provoke irreversible damages to the integrity of the well due to the solids present in their composition. Therefore, drilling fluids must be formulated in such a way that a low permeability mudcake with controlled thickness is formed in order to mitigate the filtration and invasion. Filtration cells are experimental apparatus used in the industry and at universities to study the mudcake growth in the rock formation and to measure the filtrate volume. Such devices operate off line and require a specialized operator. The objective of this work was to optimize, automate and validate a static filtration prototype cell that collected experimental data in real time. An experimental unit was built to prepare the fluids and to feed them into the filtration prototype. This unit is composed of a positive displacement pump, mixing tanks and sensors to monitor the properties of the fluid. The unit and the prototype compose the on line filtration unit. In the filtration prototype, valves and sensors were installed to operate remotely. A virtual interface was developed in order to manage the filtration unit. This interface is capable of monitoring the data provided by the sensors as well as operating the equipments (pump, agitators and automatic valves, including the ones in the filtration cell). Comparative experiments were performed in a HTHP off line filtration cell using similar operational conditions to validate the prototype. As results, the filtrate volume and the filtration properties (porosity and permeability of the mudcake) values obtained for both cells shown to be similar. The on line filtration unit was capable of reproducing the data provided by the off line filtration cell used as a model in this work. Thus, one can conclude that the on line filtration cell operates appropriately. / A filtra??o e a invas?o do fluido de perfura??o s?o fen?menos provocados pelo diferencial de press?o entre a regi?o anular e a forma??o rochosa durante a perfura??o de um po?o de petr?leo e g?s sob condi??es overbalance. A invas?o de fluidos e s?lidos presentes no fluido de perfura??o podem causar danos irrevers?veis ao po?o, portanto formulam-se os fluidos de modo que seja formado um reboco de baixa permeabilidade e espessura controlada, minimizando a filtra??o e a invas?o. Na ind?stria e na academia, para estudar o crescimento da torta na forma??o rochosa e avaliar o volume de filtrado, utilizam-se aparatos experimentais, denominados c?lulas de filtra??o, entretanto estes dispositivos s?o aparatos de bancada necessitam de um operador especializado. O objetivo desse trabalho foi otimizar, automatizar e validar um prot?tipo de filtra??o est?tica que coleta dados em linha e em tempo real. Para alimentar o fluido no prot?tipo de filtra??o, foi constru?da uma unidade de prepara??o de fluidos composta por uma bomba de deslocamento positivo, tanques de mistura e sensores para monitorar as propriedades do fluido. A unidade de preparo e o prot?tipo de filtra??o constituem a denominada unidade de filtra??o. No prot?tipo de filtra??o, foram instaladas v?lvulas e sensores para opera??o remota. Para gerenciar a unidade de filtra??o, foi desenvolvida uma interface virtual que monitora os dados fornecidos pelos sensores e opera os equipamentos (bomba, agitadores e as v?lvulas autom?ticas, inclusive as da c?lula de filtra??o). Para validar o prot?tipo, foram realizados experimentos comparativos com uma c?lula de filtra??o HTHP de bancada em condi??es de opera??o semelhantes. Como resultado das filtra??es na c?lula de bancada e com o prot?tipo, foi observado que o volume de filtrado e propriedades calculadas nos experimentos de filtra??o (porosidade e permeabilidade da torta) apresentaram valores similares indicando que a c?lula on line opera de forma adequada, reproduzindo os dados da c?lula de bancada que foi usada como modelo na proposta deste trabalho.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:08:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PauloHLB.pdf: 2469292 bytes, checksum: ffc7ae61ceea8c4e2281f69274f4d8c7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-12-12 / Deep bed filtration occurs in several industrial and environmental processes like water filtration and soil contamination. In petroleum industry, deep bed filtration occurs near to injection wells during water injection, causing injectivity reduction. It also takes place during well drilling, sand production control, produced water disposal in aquifers, etc. The particle capture in porous media can be caused by different physical mechanisms (size exclusion, electrical forces, bridging, gravity, etc). A statistical model for filtration in porous media is proposed and analytical solutions for suspended and retained particles are derived. The model, which incorporates particle retention probability, is compared with the classical deep bed filtration model allowing a physical interpretation of the filtration coefficients. Comparison of the obtained analytical solutions for the proposed model with the classical model solutions allows concluding that the larger the particle capture probability, the larger the discrepancy between the proposed and the classical models / A filtra??o profunda de suspens?es particuladas ocorre em muitos processos industriais e ambientais, como filtra??o de ?gua e contamina??o do solo. Na ind?stria petrol?fera, a filtra??o profunda ocorre pr?ximo ao po?o injetor durante a inje??o de ?gua, causando redu??o de injetividade. Este processo tamb?m ocorre durante a perfura??o de po?os de petr?leo, o controle da produ??o de areia, o descarte de ?gua produzida em aq??feros, etc. A captura de part?culas no meio poroso pode ser causada por diferentes mecanismos f?sicos (exclus?o pelo tamanho, for?as el?tricas, gravidade, etc.). Neste trabalho, um modelo estat?stico para a filtra??o em meios porosos ? proposto e solu??es anal?ticas para as concentra??es de part?culas em suspens?o e retidas s?o obtidas. O modelo, que incorpora a probabilidade de captura de part?culas, foi comparado com o modelo cl?ssico permitindo uma interpreta??o f?sica dos coeficientes de filtra??o. As solu??es anal?ticas encontradas para o modelo proposto foram comparadas com a modelagem cl?ssica, mostrando que quanto maior a probabilidade de captura de part?culas durante o transporte em meios porosos, maior ? a discrep?ncia entre a modelagem cl?ssica e o modelo proposto

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:08:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 VanessaLAG_DISSERT.pdf: 1481281 bytes, checksum: 8b61d326c9b0fb24441950affcfa1205 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-08-20 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Waterflooding is a technique largely applied in the oil industry. The injected water displaces oil to the producer wells and avoid reservoir pressure decline. However, suspended particles in the injected water may cause plugging of pore throats causing formation damage (permeability reduction) and injectivity decline during waterflooding. When injectivity decline occurs it is necessary to increase the injection pressure in order to maintain water flow injection. Therefore, a reliable prediction of injectivity decline is essential in waterflooding projects. In this dissertation, a simulator based on the traditional porous medium filtration model (including deep bed filtration and external filter cake formation) was developed and applied to predict injectivity decline in perforated wells (this prediction was made from history data). Experimental modeling and injectivity decline in open-hole wells is also discussed. The injectivity of modeling showed good agreement with field data, which can be used to support plan stimulation injection wells / A inje??o de ?gua ? uma t?cnica amplamente utilizada para deslocar o ?leo em dire??o aos po?os produtores e manter a press?o em reservat?rios de petr?leo. Entretanto, part?culas suspensas na ?gua injetada podem ser retidas no meio poroso, causando dano ? forma??o (redu??o de permeabilidade) e perda de injetividade. Quando ocorre essa redu??o de injetividade ? necess?rio aumentar a press?o de inje??o para manter a vaz?o de ?gua injetada. Desse modo, a correta previs?o da perda de injetividade ? essencial em projetos de inje??o de ?gua. Neste trabalho, um simulador, baseado no modelo tradicional da filtra??o em meios porosos (incluindo filtra??o profunda e forma??o do reboco externo), foi desenvolvido e aplicado para prever a perda de injetividade em po?os canhoneados (tal previs?o foi feita a partir de dados de hist?rico). Al?m disso, tamb?m foi discutida a determina??o experimental dos coeficientes do modelo e a perda de injetividade em po?os abertos. A modelagem da injetividade apresentou bom ajuste aos dados de campo, podendo ser utilizada para auxiliar no planejamento de estimula??es de po?os injetores

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:08:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AdrianoJAMB_DISSERT.pdf: 6352547 bytes, checksum: 4f7f1e181e2f04659c084a8901764e58 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-07-13 / Injectivity decline, which can be caused by particle retention, generally occurs during water injection or reinjection in oil fields. Several mechanisms, including straining, are responsible for particle retention and pore blocking causing formation damage and injectivity decline. Predicting formation damage and injectivity decline is essential in waterflooding projects. The Classic Model (CM), which incorporates filtration coefficients and formation damage functions, has been widely used to predict injectivity decline. However, various authors have reported significant discrepancies between Classical Model and experimental results, motivating the development of deep bed filtration models considering multiple particle retention mechanisms (Santos & Barros, 2010; SBM). In this dissertation, inverse problem solution was studied and a software for experimental data treatment was developed. Finally, experimental data were fitted using both the CM and SBM. The results showed that, depending on the formation damage function, the predictions for injectivity decline using CM and SBM models can be significantly different / A perda de injetividade, que pode ser causada pela reten??o de part?culas, ocorre geralmente durante a inje??o ou reinje??o de ?gua em campos de petr?leo. V?rios mecanismos, incluindo a exclus?o pelo tamanho (straining), s?o respons?veis pela reten??o de part?culas e bloqueio dos poros da forma??o, causando dano e o decl?nio da injetividade. A previs?o para o dano ? forma??o e a queda da injetividade ? essencial para o gerenciamento de projetos de inje??o de ?gua. O modelo cl?ssico (MC), que incorpora os coeficientes de filtra??o e de dano ? forma??o, tem sido amplamente utilizado na previs?o da perda de injetividade. Esse modelo apresenta bons resultados quando apenas um mecanismo de reten??o ? atuante. Entretanto, v?rios autores relataram discrep?ncias significativas entre o modelo cl?ssico e os dados experimentais, motivando o desenvolvimento de modelos que consideram m?ltiplos mecanismos de reten??o de part?culas, como o modelo de Santos e Barros (MSB, 2010). Neste trabalho, foi estudada a solu??o do problema inverso para diferentes modelos. A partir deste estudo, foi desenvolvido um software para o tratamento dos dados experimentais. Finalmente, os dados experimentais foram ajustados usando tanto o MC quanto o MSB. Os resultados demonstraram que, dependendo da fun??o dano ? forma??o utilizada, as previs?es dos modelos MC e MSB para a perda de injetividade podem ser significativamente diferentes

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:08:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AliDGK_DISSERT.pdf: 1533034 bytes, checksum: 5570fc0acd3b2b8bab1dc04b3e8c619f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-01-29 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Modeling transport of particulate suspensions in porous media is essential for understanding various processes of industrial and scientific interest. During these processes, particles are retained due to mechanisms like size exclusion (straining), adsorption, sedimentation and diffusion. In this thesis, a mathematical model is proposed and analytical solutions are obtained. The obtained analytic solutions for the proposed model, which takes pore and particle size distributions into account, were applied to predict the particle retention, pore blocking and permeability reduction during dead-end microfiltration in membranes. Various scenarios, considering different particle and pore size distributions were studied. The obtained results showed that pore blocking and permeability reduction are highly influenced by the initial pore and particle size distributions. This feature was observed even when different initial pore and particle size distributions with the same average pore size and injected particle size were considered. Finally, a mathematical model for predicting equivalent permeability in porous media during particle retention (and pore blocking) is proposed and the obtained solutions were applied to study permeability decline in different scenarios / A modelagem do transporte de suspens?es em meios porosos ? essencial para o entendimento de diversos processos de interesse industrial e cient?fico. Durante esses processos as part?culas podem ser retidas devido a diferentes mecanismos, dos quais citamos: exclus?o pelo tamanho, adsor??o, sedimenta??o e difus?o. Neste trabalho, um modelo matem?tico para o mecanismo de exclus?o pelo tamanho foi proposto e solu??es anal?ticas foram encontradas. As solu??es anal?ticas para o modelo proposto, que incorpora as distribui??es de tamanho de poros e de part?culas, foram utilizadas para prever a reten??o de part?culas, o bloqueio de poros e a redu??o de permeabilidade durante a microfiltra??o direta (dead-end microfiltration) em membranas. Foram analisados diversos cen?rios, considerando diferentes distribui??es de tamanho de poros e de part?culas. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que o processo de bloqueio de poros e redu??o de permeabilidade ? fortemente influenciado pelas distribui??es iniciais de tamanho de poros e de part?culas. Esta caracter?stica foi observada mesmo quando diferentes distribui??es iniciais de tamanho de poros e de part?culas com um mesmo tamanho m?dio de part?culas e de poros foi considerado. Finalmente, um modelo matem?tico para a previs?o da permeabilidade equivalente em meios porosos durante a reten??o de part?culas (e bloqueio de poros) foi proposto e as solu??es obtidas foram aplicadas para o estudo do decl?nio da permeabilidade em diferentes cen?rios / 2020-01-01