近年來中國籍與外籍配偶家庭快速的增加，成為台灣社會備受到關注的一個新興議題。面對日益普遍的台灣外籍配偶現象，本文以2001年至2005年台灣各縣市的追蹤資料，並以固定效果模型分別針對整體、中國籍以及東南亞籍外籍女性配偶進行估計，來檢驗影響台灣外籍女性配偶規模的決定因素。總體而言，本文發現台灣外籍配偶現象已相當普遍，在經濟高度發展下，選擇外籍配偶並不只侷限在發展相對落後的地區。 此外，薪資所得高低會影響外籍配偶的規模，即表示多數的外籍配偶家庭經濟情況屬於中低階層，與一般社會大眾認知相同。而失業率與整體外籍配偶規模的估計結果呈現負相關，亦即失業率越高的地區，外籍配偶規模越小。顯示在失業率居高不下的情形下，降低台灣男性結婚的動機，以及外籍配偶來台意願。但是東南亞籍的外籍配偶在失業率高的地方規模較大，與本文實證變數假設相符。 最後，由模型的固定效果與時間效果分析可知，各縣市間並無顯著的特質效果影響外籍配偶的規模，也就是說外籍配偶的現象在台灣已經相當普遍。而由時間效果來看，外籍配偶的熱潮近兩年來有顯著趨緩的現象，這是否意味著外籍配偶所帶來之社會問題層出不窮，帶給民眾過多的負面印象，使得未婚男性對於選擇外籍配偶有所保留，值得後續研究來檢驗。 / In recent years, foreign bride has become a new issue, and there are more and more families with foreign brides in Taiwan. This study adopts fixed-effect model to investigate the determinants of foreign bride’s scale in Taiwan with 23 regions’ panel data during the period of 2001-2005. The result shows the phenomenon of foreign bride is general in Taiwan society. In addition, wage and unemployment rate are the most important factors to affect foreign bride’s scale in Taiwan. Wage reflects the living standard, and most families with foreign brides in Taiwan are bottom feeders. Furthermore, unemployment rage has a negative relationship to foreign bride’s scale in Taiwan, and the amount of foreign bride has a decreasing trend. Finally, in order to reduce the mistakes occurred in positive models and enable the study more rigorous, then uses more methods to the models and the result.

This paper examines the impact of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) on health using the data of 61 countries between 2000 and 2009 from the World Bank. The ICT variables considered in this paper include internet, fixed phones, and mobile phones. Based on the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) of the United Nations, we select several health variables and examine the impact of ICT on these variables. These variables include life expectancy at birth, infant mortality rate, under-five mortality rate, maternal mortality ratio, and prevalence of HIV. The estimation strategies are the pooling OLS model, the fixed effect model, and the random effect model. The empirical results suggest that ICT indeed plays a significant role in improving the health level of a country. ICT effectively decreases infant mortality rates and children mortality rates, and also increases life expectancy. This finding supports the viewpoints of United Nations (UN), World Health Organization (WHO), World Bank, and International Telecommunication Union (ITU) that ICT has great potential in improving a country¡¦s health. The finding also confirms the arguments of several literatures, including McNamara (2007) and Lucas (2008), that ICT can lead to a more effective health system. In addition, we also find that fixed phones and mobile phones, which have more powerful functions in communicating and have greater flexibility, help decrease deaths due to acute diseases or emergencies; while internet displays more profound impact on improving health with the accumulation of time. Our results suggest that adopting and promoting ICT is an effective way for developing countries and less-developed countries to enhance the level of health of people. We also expect that ICT can help these countries to meet at least part of the Millennium Development Goals.

This thesis explores how economic performance, measured as real GDP-growth per capita, affects the vote share of parties which relies on radical ideological platforms. Using a fixed effect model with panel data, based on real electoral outcomes of 18 western European democracies, the result reveals an ambiguous reality. The overall conclusion implies that low growth rates benefit the electoral success of radical-right parties and holds for robustness checks. No solid evidence of the relationship is found on the radical-left side.The result further reveals that the individuals decision to vote radical is relative more affected by the ongoing business cycle trend between the elections rather than sudden changes close to the election day. The relationship also appears to be stronger among nations of southern Europe.

婦產科醫師乃為目前人力短缺情形最為嚴重之科別，本研究首先欲觀察臺灣婦產科是否因為人力萎縮，使得產科醫師工作量提高？進一步討論產科醫師工作負荷量之增加，是否會偏向選擇較療程較簡易之醫療服務，即以剖腹接生方式取代自然接生。本研究利用健保資料庫之「住院醫療費用清單明細檔」，篩選2006年至2010年醫師接生之案件，發現從2006年至2009年，產科醫師平均接生次數有增加之趨勢。若以之衡量醫師工作量，產科醫師其工作負荷量確實有因人力減少而增加。另外，以固定效果模型估計結果皆發現，醫師工作量對剖腹產機率有正向顯著之影響，表示工作負荷量之增加確實會提高產科醫師採取剖腹接生之機率。支持本文對於工作負荷量增加會偏向選擇較簡單之醫療行為之預測。

This paper analyzes what factors influence the long-term interest rate, in order to give an understanding of why the government debt has increased in EU member states. It is a statistical study of panel data analyzed by the fixed effect model. The research of the 27 EU member states is based on secondary data from the European Commission; Eurostat and EconStats. The results by the fixed effect model show that government debt, budget deficit and presidential system are significant and have a positive relationship with the long- term interest rate. The growth rate is significant, having a negative relationship with the long-term interest rate and the financial crisis did not increase the long-term interest rate. The results were not entirely consistent with theories and previous studies.

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change 2018 highlights the importance of short-lived greenhouse gasses to combat global warming. This study explores the relationship between Gross Domestic Product per capita and methane per capita. The relationship is explored in relation to the Environmental Kuznets Curve theory where the subjects to examination used are High Income Countries and Low Income Countries based on United Nation classifications in 2019. In total 47 countries are examined where 30 countries are High Income Countries and 17 are Low Income Countries. The relationships are examined for the time periods 1970 to 2017 through Fixed Effect Models. To improve accuracy additional control variables are added: Population in agriculture (% of total employment), balance of payments and forest areas. With the added control variables, the time frame used in Fixed Effect Models changes to 1991 to 2017. The different Fixed Effect Models provide inverted U-shaped relationships for Low Income Countries and uncertain results for High Income Countries according to the Environmental Kuznets Curve.

本篇文章之研究目的，主要是探討台灣地區人口遷移受到各縣市的社會福利支出的影響究竟如何。本文將利用台灣23個縣市別的追蹤資料（panel data），涵蓋期間為1995年至2005年。採雙因子固定效果模型（two-way fixed-effect model）分析社會福利支出對於人口遷移，究竟存在著什麼樣的貢獻。於本研究中，將回顧現有文獻中，關於人口遷移之相關理論與實證文獻，且特別著重在以福利遷移（Welfare Migration）為研究主體之相關文獻。此外，本文也將清楚地介紹與說明，近幾年來台灣社會福利體制的發展，以及各縣市會福利支出水準與人口遷移間關係之現況。最後，為了進一步探討社會福利支出，對於男性與女性遷移者所產生之影響是否一致，本研究將建立三種實證模型。試圖更全面的探析台灣各縣市的社會福利支出，對於跨縣市的人口遷移之完整影響效果如何。本文主要的發現為，若某一地區每人可享之社會福利的程度高於鄰近的縣市，會吸引較多人口移入該地區。此外，女性移民較男性移民，受到社會福利支出之效果較為顯著。 / This study undertakes a study of cross-regional migration in Taiwan during the 1995 to 2005 period, particularly the effect of the social welfare system on migration decisions. The local places include the 23 cities and counties in Taiwan. Using data set from Taiwan-Fukien demographic fact book Republic of China and Expenditure conducted by Directorate-General of Budget. The hypothesis of this study is that movers would choose to the places with higher welfare to maximum their utilities. The empirical results from two-way fixed effect model support for the hypothesis that social welfare benefits influence migration decisions, especially for females.

隨著所有權與經營權日益分離因而引發代理問題，由於所有者與經營者之間存在著資訊不對稱(Information Asymmetry)，而引發監督等代理成本。本研究探討股權結構與公司價值之間的關係，究竟是支持「利益收斂假說」或是「利益衝突假說」，並探討公司內部人、機構法人是否能發揮監督功效，而提升公司價值，反應在股價是否為正向關係。而公司內部人若能適當監督產生正面效益，能使公司價值提升。機構法人為理性投資者，由於有專業團隊蒐集資訊進行投資分析，因此機構法人持股比例的高低具參考價值，對於公司股價具有影響力，故機構法人持股可視為另一股監督力量。 本研究採用2001年至2007年台灣TFT－LCD產業的追蹤資料，搭配固定效果模型，以股價為公司價值之代理變數，並將股權結構視為其他資訊之代理變數，來探討股權結構對於股價是否具有顯著解釋力。根據實證結果顯示，機構投資持股與公司價值呈顯著且正向關係，結果支持「效率監督假說」。其次，內部人持股比例對股價的造成的影響呈顯著且正向關係，研究結果與「利益收斂假說」吻合。並發現投信持股比例雖低，但其對股價的影響力較外資及內部人來的大。 / The increasing demand for the separation of ownership and management control has led to concerns on agency problems. The existence of information asymmetry between the owner and the management team has resulted in various agency costs, including supervision-related expenses, etc. In this dissertation, we try to study the relationship between ownership structure and corporate value, so as to determine whether the Convergence of interest Hypothesis or the Conflict of interest Hypothesis should be supported. We also try to probe whether the insiders of a company or the institutional investors are able to fully play their supervisory roles to increase the value of the company, and whether these roles have positive correlation with the company’s stock price. The supervisory functions of a company’s insiders, when properly fulfilled, will create positive effects and increase the value of the company. Being rational investors, institutional investors collect information and conduct investment analysis through a professional team. The shareholding by institutional investors, therefore, is indicative and influential to the company’s stock price. Institutional investors are reckoned as another force of supervision. In this research, we used the panel data of the TFT-LCD industry in Taiwan over the period of 2001 to 2007, supported by the fixed effect model. Stock prices are used as the proxy variables of the corporate value, and ownership structure is reckoned as the proxy variable for other information. The analysis is used to determine whether ownership structure has significant interpretation effect on the stock price. The empirical research results show that the shareholding by institutional investors has a significant and positive correlation with the corporate value, which supports the Efficient Monitoring Hypothesis. Further, the ratio of insiders’ shareholding also has significant and positive influence on the stock price. The research results therefore agree with the Convergence of Interest Hypothesis. It was also found that, whilst the ratio of shareholding by the SITE industry is relatively lower, its influence on stock price is greater than the institutional investors and insiders.

經過30年的經濟改革，中國已成為國際直接投資的熱門地區。聯合國貿易發展委員會（UNCTAD）的報告中也指出，中國在2007年僅次於美國，成為全球吸引外資金額第二高的國家。然而，隨著中國總體國力大增，近幾年來，中國對外直接投資的腳步也加緊了起來。外資的流入不但促進了中國的經濟成長，也給中國企業學習如何對外直接投資，提供了絕佳的機會。 相較於中國吸引外資方面（Inward FDI）的研究，中國對外直接投資（Outward FDI）的議題較少引起研究者注意。然而，中國對外直接投資對於全球經濟有其重要性，研究影響中國對外直接投資因素更具有理論與實質意義，因為中國既投資於未開發國家和開發中國家，也同時在已開發國家中投資，這是一般後進國家少有的特質。因此，本研究將利用2003-2007年中國各省市地區對外直接投資的追蹤資料（panel data），搭配固定效果模型（fixed effect model）的估計，希望透過本研究分析影響中國對外直接投資的決定因素。 實證結果發現，影響中國對外直接投資的決定因素中，顯著的變數有各省市國內生產毛額、各省市每人國內生產毛額、各省市職工平均工資、各省市國有企業產值佔工業總產值比，以及工業總產值佔國內生產毛額比。而其餘的變數如各省市貿易開放程度、匯率與借款利率皆不顯著，反映了其皆非中國對外直接投資時所考量的決定因素。不過，整體來說中國對外直接投資有逐年成長的趨勢。

自1978年鄧小平南巡，中國大陸在經濟上採取改革開放政策以後，開始一連串的經濟制度改革，由中央集權的計劃經濟逐漸走向市場經濟。使得中國大陸有充裕資金、技術長足進步、經濟快速成長、人民生活水準提高、生產總值和人均所得皆大幅提升。但就總體整個大陸因區域經濟結構與政策等因素影響，東部沿海地區發展快速，西部地區發展停滯落後，內部各區經濟發展仍存在極大差異。因此，自江澤民在1999年6月9日「中央扶貧開發會議」上首次提出了「西部大開發」戰略概念，中國大陸就陸續提出多項區域發展政策，期能撫平區域發展不均衡的差距。而西部大開發政策實施迄今將屆10年，經濟建設與發展成果豐碩，並將進入第2階段，西部大開發政策的實施方針是否真正提升西部地區經濟發展？且解決東西部區域經濟差距問題？此外，在2008年國際金融危機開始蔓延，外部市場需求萎縮情況下，西部地區生產總值同比增幅超越東部地區，但隨著中國大陸整體經濟成長，東、西部地區、城鄉差距仍然懸殊，西部地區要脫離落後狀態應該發展的方向究竟為何？ 因此本文的研究目的在於以1997年至2009年西部地區各項有關經濟成長追蹤資料，搭配固定效果模型的估計，分析影響大陸西部地區經濟成長的趨勢及決定因素為何，並以估計之結果檢視「西部大開發」政策是否為西部地區發展所需，並確實提升西部地區經濟成長。 根據實證結果顯示，影響西部地區經濟成長的決定性因素有七：就業、工資率、固定資產投資、利用外資投資總額、能源消費量、西部大開發的優惠政策及金融危機。其他的變數如貿易開放程度及時間趨勢等，皆未有顯著影響。 / Since Xiaoping Deng’s Southern tour in 1978, China has adopted economic reforms and open policy, there are series of economic reforms, changed from the central planning economy to the market economy gradually, which resulted in capital abundance, advance in technology, rapid growth of economy, living standard enhanced, both GDP and per capita income has increased significantly in mainland China. But overall due to the regional economic structure, the policy and some other factors, the rapid development of the Eastern coast and the lagging behind of the West, has created significant differenence in the economic development of each region. Therefore, since Zemin Jiang launched the "The West Development" strategy in the "Central Poverty Alleviation and Development Conference" on June 9, 1999, Mainland Chain has a number of regional development policies, to solve the unbalanced gap of regional development . The implementation of Western Dvelopment Policy has been over 10 years， there are fruitful result on economic construction and development, it is going to enter Phase 2. Has the approaches of Western development policy really enhanced the economic development in the West ? Has it solved the economic gap between the East and the West ? In addition, under the condition of the spreading of international economic crisis in 2008 and the shrinkage of external demand, the West's GDP growth is lower than the East. But following the economic growth of China overall, the gap between The East and the West, the City and the Country is still huge. What will be the development direction of the West to escape from the lagging ? Therefore, the purpose of this research will base on the relevant tracking data of 1997-2009 economic growth in the the West and the estimate of fixed-effect model, to analyze what are the the economic growth trends and decisive factors of the West ? And use the estimate results to check whether "The West development policy” is right for the development ？ Has it actually enhanced the economic growth of the West ? According to experience, there are seven decisive factors to influence the economic growth of the West: Employment, Wage rate, Fix Asset Investment, Amount of Foreign Investment, Energy Consumption, The Beneficial Policies of West Development，and Economic Crisis. Other variables such as trade openness and time trends, also has significant impact.