近來服務生態系統席捲全球亦顛覆許多傳統產業。服務平台的最大宗旨是提供一個環境來媒合服務提供者與顧客，而本質是消弭提供商與顧客之間的中介者，但不論在平台或生態系統中仍存在中心的統治角色，而這情況出現矛盾，也造就機會。區塊鏈則是可提供解決的機會所在。不僅如此，生態系統運作中，服務為多個利害關係人共創價值的過程，其互動是極為複雜的。因此在生態系統中營造流暢體驗是關鍵議題。本研究發展一個工具讓生態系統設計者可以設計橫跨基於區塊鏈的生態系統並整合各流程的串連流程機制，讓利害關係人在互動過程中具有流暢體驗。 / In recent years, the service ecosystem flourishes around the world and disrupts the traditional market. Originally, matching customers’ needs with providers is the most important mission of a service platform. However, the nature of creating a platform or ecosystem is to get rid of the intermediators, but either in the platform or in the ecosystem, there is still a central firm to dominate them. This situation seems to both be a contradiction and be an opportunity. The chance to deal with this problem is blockchain. Moreover, in ecosystem, service which is provided not only by one stakeholder but also by interactional stakeholders, it becomes more complex and intricate. As a result, creating a swift and even flow in the ecosystem is a critical issue. In this study, we develop a conceptual framework to build a tool for designers of ecosystem to design the ideal linkware. This study focuses on creating a linkware that can integrate processes across the service ecosystem, achieving the maximum flow experience for the stakeholders within their interaction, and utilizing blockchain.

幸福、快樂的人生，自古以來是人類所努力追求的目標，心流經驗(flow experience)以內在動機為基礎，闡述了透過心流經驗的正向感受，提升個體自我成長與生活品質的途徑。本研究主要目的以心流理論為架構，來探討休閒中之心流經驗、休閒體驗與身心健康間的關係，並進一步瞭解不同休閒活動種類間的差異。 本研究整理國內外有關心流經驗的文獻，編製「休閒心流經驗量表」與「休閒體驗問卷」，並藉由「身心健康量表」以瞭解互相間之關係，採便利取樣方式，對不同產業之541位上班族群進行問卷調查。研究結果發現，休閒心流經驗、休閒體驗與身心健康之間，互相存在顯著正相關。而「一致好」休閒心流經驗組型在休閒體驗的表現上，均顯著高於「高估」與「一致差」組型，且在身心健康上亦顯著高於「一致差」組型；然「一致好」組型在身心健康之「不利健康之因應行為」表現上，卻顯著較「高估」與「一致差」組型差。 此外，研究亦顯示「一致好」休閒心流經驗組型所從事的休閒活動，均屬戶外活動、運動、藝文嗜好與益智類主動式休閒，「一致差」組型則較屬視聽與休憩社交類被動式休閒；而從事戶外活動、運動、藝文嗜好與益智類主動式休閒，在休閒心流經驗與休閒體驗上的表現，較從事視聽與休憩社交類被動式休閒來得好。 最後根據研究分析所得結果，本研究討論其意義，並對後續研究、上班族群與相關實務工作者，提出研究方向及建議。 / This study revised the flow state scale(Jackson & Marsh, 1996) and the description of the quality of experience(Csikszentmihalyi & LeFevre, 1989) as the scale of flow experience in leisure and leisure experience questionnaire, respectively, to understand the relationship of flow experience, leisure experience and mental-physical health in 541 adult workers from different organizations in Taiwan. Results showed that significant positive associations between flow experience and leisure experience, flow experience and mental-physical health, also, leisure experience and mental-physical health. The patterns of flow experience in leisure are found something different on leisure experience and mental- physical health. The congruence/good pattern is significantly better than congruence/poor pattern on leisure experience and mental-physical health; and the congruence/good pattern is also significantly better than over- estimate pattern on leisure experience. Nevertheless, the congruence/good pattern is significantly worse than over-estimate and congruence/poor patterns on harmful coping behaviors subscale. In addition, results also presented that those who are categorized into the congruence/good flow pattern tend to choose active leisure(eg., outdoor activities, physical activities, hobbies, and mental activities); reversely, those who are categorized into the congruence/poor pattern tend to choose passive leisure(eg., television-viewing and shopping). Moreover, those choosing active leisure are better than those choosing passive leisure on flow experience and leisure experience.

本研究以台灣北區的社區大學、國立空中大學、大學推廣教育三類學習者為研究對象，旨在探討三者於學術性課程上的「心流經驗」與「主動學習」是否有所差異，若有差異則可能的影響因素又為何？並分析心流經驗與主動學習兩變項間的關係。 本研究的樣本總數為729人，採用立意取樣，研究工具係參考前人改編之心流經驗與主動學習問卷一份，問卷中一併蒐集了關於三類學習者在機構中的學習經驗（包含：學習歷程的頻率、學習歷程的品質等），以期能夠在探討差異的同時，找出影響的可能原因。 資料分析方法採用了結構方程模型（SEM）以作為問卷之驗證性因素分析的方法，在確認了信效度後，以t考驗、單因子變異數分析、單因子多變量分析、共變數分析、積差相關、典型相關等統計方法輔助，以回答上述問題。主要結果發現： 一、「師生討論」、「同儕討論」、「做中學」、「田野調查」與「指導同儕」等學習歷程的頻率與心流經驗、主動學習皆有顯著正相關。 二、「互動品質」、「課程公共化」、「經驗學習」等學習歷程品質與心流和主動學習有顯著相關。 三、不同的「學習動機」會造成心流與主動學習的差異，當中以「取得學位」為動機的學習者之心流與主動學習較其他就讀動機者為弱。 四、三類機構在心流經驗與主動學習的差異依序是：社區大學 > 空中大學 >推廣教育。 五、主動學習中的「內在動機與熱情」是目前研究者發現三機構在心流經驗中差異的因素之一。 六、心流經驗中的「自發自足經驗」是目前研究者發現三機構在主動學習上有差異的因素之一。 七、心流經驗與主動學習兩者具有高度正相關。 / The purpose of this study is to compare community university, national open university and university extension education in northern Taiwan, which each refers to flow experience and active learning. This study is also attempted to investigate the possible factors among these organizations which may cause the differences. Another issue in this study is concerned with the relationship between flow experience and active learning. The data was collected from 729 adult learners by judgmental sampling, and the questionnaire was based upon a revised questionnaire concerning their flow experience, active learning, and learning experience (including the frequency of learning process and quality of learning process) in academic courses. The results of this study are as followings: 1. Flow experience and active learning were positive correlation with the frequency of learning process, which includs “teachers and students discussion ”, “peer-discussion”, “learning by doing”, “field work” and “peer-tutoring”. 2. Flow experience and active learning were positive correlation with the quality of learning process, which includs “quality of interaction”, “curriculum publication”, and “experiential learning”. 3. The different learning motivation affect the flow experience and active learning among learners in these three organizations, especially the learners who chose “learning for the academic degree” were averaged lower than others. 4. Comparing with three organizations about the flow experience and active learning performance: community university is better than national open university and university extension education. Moreover, the national open university is better than university extension education. 5. The“intrinsic motivation and passion” is one of the factors which affect flow experience. 6. The “autotelic experience” is one of the factors which affect active learning. 7. The flow experience is positive correlation with active learning.