Fornendo energia e nutrienti, la produzione di cibo è essenziale per la vita. Tuttavia, essa rappresenta anche una criticità ambientale. La popolazione mondiale in rapida crescita, infatti, ha bisogno di un quantitativo di cibo sempre maggiore, una delle principali cause di degrado ambientale a livello globale. Il sistema agricolo è fondato su una rete di relazioni complesse che collegano la produzione agricola, funzioni e condizioni ambientali. Una produzione agricola meno impattante è, quindi, fondamentale per non compromettere la possibilità per la future generazioni di avere accesso a un quantitativo adeguato di risorse. La metodologia LCA (life cycle assessment) ha un ruolo centrale nella valutazione di sostenibilità. Analizzando l’intero ciclo di vita di un prodotto o servizio, infatti, permette di tenere in considerazione eventuali trasferimenti di impatti tra comparti ambientali o fai della filiera. Il principale obiettivo della presente tesi è contribuire al dibattito in corso riguardo all’armonizzazione degli approcci nell’applicazione della metodologia LCA a prodotti agro-alimentari per favorirne l’affidabilità e l’efficacia. / Providing energy and nutrients, food production is essential for life. However it represents also an important environmental concern. Indeed, the rapidly growing world population is requiring an increased food production which is one of the greatest causes of environmental degradation throughout the world. The agricultural system is based on complex relations that link agricultural productivity, environmental functions and environmental conditions. Therefore, moving towards less polluting production systems is of the utmost importance to satisfy the current demand for food without compromising the possibility for future generations to have access to a proper amount of food of adequate quality. Life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology is at the core of sustainability assessment. Indeed, considering the entire life cycle of a product or service, it allows to account for potential shifts of environmental impacts between environmental compartments or stages of the food supply chain. The overall aim of the present thesis is to contribute to the ongoing debate on the harmonisation of the approaches to carry out a LCA referred to agro-food products in order to foster its reliability and effectiveness.

O processo de intensificação dos sistemas alimentares na produção de ruminantes vem sendo o foco nas discussões políticas que implicam na segurança do alimento, bem-estar animal e qualidade do produto cárneo. A possibilidade da diversificação alimentar em diferentes fases do crescimento animal, através de sistemas exclusivamente a pasto ou com concentrados na dieta, determina variações no desenvolvimento corporal do animal e nas características qualitativas da carne. Neste contexto, se procurou identificar através de dois protocolos experimentais localizados no Sul do Brasil, as características produtivas estacionais da forragem, desempenho animal, atributos da carcaça e físico-químicos da carne de bovinos de corte produzidos em diferentes sistemas alimentares. Periodicamente era determinada a espessura de gordura subcutânea (EGS) dos animais através de imagens de ultrassom, sendo essa utilizada como critério para o abate. O experimento 1 (Bioma Pampa) foi constituído de um delineamento completamente casualizado com três tratamentos (sistemas alimentares) e três repetições, durante a terminação dos novilhos até o abate (EGS, 3 a 6 mm). Os tratamentos foram: i) pastagem natural; ii) pastagem natural melhorada com fertilização e introdução de gramínea hibernal. iii) idem ao ii, porém abatidos com mais idade. O experimento 2, (campos de altitude do Bioma Mata Atlântica), constituiu-se de um delineamento completamente casualizado com cinco tratamentos e três repetições, durante a recria e terminação dos animais até o abate (EGS, 2 a 3 mm). Os tratamentos foram: i) pastagem natural; ii) pastagem natural melhorada com fertilização e introdução de gramínea e leguminosa hibernal; iii) pastagem cultivada de gramíneas hibernais em dois invernos; iv) pastagem cultivada (idem ao iii) com suplemento de 0,8% PV/dia-1; v) confinamento com relação de volumoso e concentrado (75:25) na dieta. Nos dois estudos, verificou-se que a carga animal utilizada determina alterações positivas na produção estacional de forragem nos dois ambientes experimentais. Na medida em que aumenta o processo de intensificação do sistema alimentar, houve um maior acúmulo de gordura subcutânea na carcaça reduzindo, portanto, a idade de abate dos animais. Sistemas pastoris naturais e naturais com baixo aporte de insumos permitem atributos físico-químicos desejáveis na carne, maior teor de CLA, elevada concentração de n-6 e n-3 e menor razão n-6/n-3 em relação aos sistemas mais intensivos com uso de grãos na dieta. / The process of intensifying food systems in ruminant production has recently been the focus of policy discussions on food safety, animal welfare and the quality of meat products. The possibility of feed diversification at different stages of animal growth, trhough diferent pasture systems or in feedlots, leads to changes in the animal's body development and meat quality. In this context, this thesis search to identify, through two experimental protocols localizated in southern Brazil, the seasonal productive characteristics of forage, animal performance and the carcass and physical-chemical attributes of the meat of beef cattle produced under different food systems.The subcutaneous fat thickness (SFT) of the animals was determined periodically by ultrasonic images, this measure being used as a criterion for the slaughter. Experiment one (Pampa Biome) was carried out in a completely randomized design with three treatments (feeding systems) and three replicates during the finishing phase of the steers just to slaughter (SFT, 3 to 6 mm). Treatments were: i) natural grassland; ii) improved natural grassland with fertilization and oversowing of winter grass. iii) same as ii, but slaughtered at more advanced age. Experiment two (highlands of Mata Atlântica biome), was realized through a completely randomized design with five treatments and three replicates during the growing and finishing phase of the animals just to the slaughter (SFT, 2 to 3 mm). Treatments were: i) Natural grassland; ii) improved natural grassland with fertilization and oversowing of winter grass and legumes; (iii) winter cultivated pasture during two winters; iv) winter cultivated pasture (same as iii) supplemented with 0.8% LW/day-1; v) feedlot with ratio of bulky and concentrated (75:25) in the diet. Thus, we aimed to characterize productive systems of beef cattle used in each region. In these two studies, it was verified that the utilized animal stocking determine positive changes in the seasonal forage production in the two experimental environments. As the system intensification process increases, there was a greater accumulation of subcutaneous fat in the carcass, thus reducing the slaughter age of the animals. Natural grasslands systems and natural with a low use of inputs, allow desirable physical-chemical attributes in the meat, higher CLA content, high concentration of n-6 and n-3 and lower ratio n-6/n-3 in relation to the most intensive use of grain in the diet.

Submitted by karolyne souza (karolm340@gmail.com) on 2018-04-23T14:39:16Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Antonia Ivanilce_vs final.pdf: 8581262 bytes, checksum: 05df6c95c932ba804dc05f077a8827f0 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2018-04-25T15:27:35Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Antonia Ivanilce_vs final.pdf: 8581262 bytes, checksum: 05df6c95c932ba804dc05f077a8827f0 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2018-04-25T15:29:28Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Antonia Ivanilce_vs final.pdf: 8581262 bytes, checksum: 05df6c95c932ba804dc05f077a8827f0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-25T15:29:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Antonia Ivanilce_vs final.pdf: 8581262 bytes, checksum: 05df6c95c932ba804dc05f077a8827f0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-04-24 / FAPEAM - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas / The study aimed to analyze the processes of food security and conservation of plant genetic resources in agroecosystems in the border region in the “Alto Rio Solimões”. To this end, sought to characterize the different landscapes in family units, identify the work processes used in production systems for plant genetic resources conservation sites, in addition to listing the products consumed in the diet and used for obtaining monetary income. The study it was in the locality named “Nova Aliança”, in the municipality of Benjamin Constant, AM. As adopted theoretical referential methodological strategy the dialectic of complexity, with the intervention of the field design case study. In the agroecosystems in“Nova Aliança” is a recursive association with the environmental system and knowledge transmitted reproduce and rebuilt generationally by the residents and by express structural coupling process. Work on agroecosystems is based primarily on the social group formed by the family in whose organization is seated the collectivist practice of reciprocity, seeking to make your social reproduction. The residents produce and reproduce the agricultural diversity in agroecosystems to achieve the maintenance of family unity. The channels of obtaining food via work on agroecosystems and reciprocal relations, by residents of “Nova Aliança”, are a durable and transposable arrangements system integrated with know.Unitas Multiplex System complexity of food emerges from the reciprocity between the established by real, with multifunctional characteristics, organization and interactions themselves, since emergencies. The forms of production adopted correspond to agriculture integrators systems to various ecosystems accessed. This is because the organization of agroecosystems presented by the conjunction of terrestrial and aquatic. And environments and are presented as a set of expressions of knowledge and differentiated knowledge resulting from the use, management and conservation of places, cultivated species and the material and immaterial culture in Its living practice, and for it, resulting from the common life experience of the Kokama people. / O estudo teve por objetivo analisar os processos de segurança alimentar e conservação dos recursos genéticos vegetais nos agroecossistemas na região de fronteira no Alto Rio Solimões. Para tanto, buscou-se caracterizar as diferentes paisagens nas unidades familiares, identificar os processos de trabalho utilizados nos sistemas produtivos para conservação dos recursos genéticos vegetais locais, além de listar os produtos consumidos na dieta alimentar e os utilizados para obtenção de renda monetária. O estudo foi realizado na localidade denominada Nova Aliança, no município de Benjamin Constant, AM. Adotou-se, como referencial teórico da estratégia metodológica, a dialética da complexidade, tendo como delineamento de intervenção de campo o Estudo de Caso. Nos agroecossistemas em Nova Aliança, ocorre uma associação recursiva com o sistema ambiental e os saberes transmitidos são reproduzidos e reconstruídos geracionalmente por manifestarem o processo de acoplamento estrutural. O trabalho nos agroecossistemas apoia-se, fundamentalmente, no grupo social formado pela família em cuja organização está assentada a prática coletivista de reciprocidade, buscando viabilizar sua reprodução social. Os moradores produzem e reproduzem a diversidade agrícola nos agroecossistemas para viabilizar a manutenção da unidade familiar. Os canais de obtenção de alimentos via trabalho nos agroecossistemas e relações de reciprocidade, pelos moradores de Nova Aliança, apresentam-se como um sistema de disposições duráveis e transponíveis integradas ao saber. A complexidade do Sistema Unitas Multiplex da comida emerge da reciprocidade entre o estabelecido pelo real, com características multifuncionais, organização e interações próprias, desde emergências. As formas de produção adotadas correspondem a sistemas integradores da agricultura aos diversos ecossistemas acessados. Isto porque, a organização dos agroecossistemas é representada pela conjunção dos ambientes terrestres e aquáticos e apresentam-se como um conjunto de expressões de conhecimentos e saberes diferenciados resultantes do uso, manejo e conservação dos lugares, das espécies cultivadas e da cultura material e imaterial em sua prática viva, e por ela, resultantes da experiência comum de vida do povo Kokama.

Em termos globais, existe urna tendência crescente na demanda por alimentos saudáveis e seguros. Visando esta demanda, a carne de avestruz é vista corno uma opção. A indústria sul-africana é a grande abastecedora da União Européia (UE) e o Brasil tenta disputar esse mercado, que é extremamente exigente em regras que garantam a produção de um alimento seguro, o que torna de vital importância um gerenciamento da qualidade em todas as fases de produção. Este estudo analisa o sistema agroindustrial da carne de avestruz, investigando os atributos de qualidade do produto divulgados por meio eletrônico de comunicação em dois países, África do Sul e Brasil, e comparando-os às necessidades de bem-estar do consumidor. Após pesquisa bibliográfica teórica, elaborou-se pesquisa documental, na qual os dados quantitativos do setor foram obtidos em fontes governamentais de cada país e os qualitativos em reportagens divulgadas em meio eletrônico e nos sites das empresas líderes de mercado em cada país, posteriormente submetidos à técnica de análise de conteúdo. Os resultados mostram que a produção sul africana atende às normas de gerenciamento de qualidade exigidas pelo bloco europeu, mas isso não foi suficientes para evitar reincidência de Influenza A em seu rebanho. Por outro lado, o brasileiro ainda não implementou o Plano Nacional de Controle de Resíduos (PNCR), sem o qual não consegue exportar, o que implica na obrigatoriedade de venda para o mercado interno, que possuí baixa demanda. Na comunicação adotada, ambos os países focam, principalmente, a dimensão biológica, seguido pelo bem-estar psicológico: o prazer de comer bem. / In global terms, there is a growing trend in the demand for healthy and safe food. Aiming this demand, ostrich meat is seen as an option. The South African industry is the major supplier of the European Union (EU) and Brazil tries to play this market, which has extremely demanding rules to ensure a safe food production, which makes a vital quality management in all stages of production. This study analyzes the agribusiness system of ostrich meat, investigating the quality attributes of the product disclosed by electronic means of communication in both countries, South Africa and Brazil, and comparing them to the needs of well-being of the consumer. After theoretical literature, was conducted archival research in which quantitative data were obtained from industry sources and government of each country in the qualitative reports electronically and posted on the websites of leading companies in each Country, then submitted to technique of content analysis. The results show that South African production meets quality management standards. required by the European bloc, but this was not sufficient to prevent recurrence of Influenza A in his flock. On the other hand, the Brazilian has yet to implement the National Plan for Waste Management (PNCR), without which it can not export, which implies the obligation to sell to the domestic market, which has low demand, Communication adopted in both countries focus mainly the biological dimension, followed by psychological well-being: the pleasure of eating well.

abstract: Disparities in access to healthy food are a key public health concern in the United States (U.S.) Food access is considered as a critical element of food insecurity. Food insecurity can often be prevalent in a region due to lack of healthy food outlets as well as inequitable access to healthy food outlets. A large body of literature pertaining to access to healthy food has reported that conventional food outlets such as supermarkets and large grocery stores may not be equitably distributed across different neighborhoods in a region. There has been limited research on local food access patterns. Despite the few studies focused on access to individual types of local food outlets, such as farmers markets, little is known about whether such access varies among different types of local food outlets and how such access patterns compare with the uneven access to conventional food outlets. This study uses Maricopa County, one of the largest counties in Arizona, as a case study to examine the spatial patterns of access to conventional food markets (i.e. supermarkets or large grocery stores) and four different types of local food outlets, including farmers market, community garden, community supported agriculture (CSA) and mobile food markets. By analyzing the association between healthy food access and neighborhood characteristics, the study suggests that the local food system has a great potential in providing healthy food access to low-income and minority populations of the County than conventional food outlets. The study provides important insights into the way different types of local food outlets offer their availability in space and whether they are more equitable in serving underserved neighborhoods. The findings from this study can assist both government agencies and city planner formulate strategies to improve access to healthy food in disadvantaged neighborhoods. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Urban and Environmental Planning 2020

<p>Women who operate small-scale farms and sell to small markets in Indiana may encounter certain obstacles and constraints due to self-employment in the traditionally male-dominated field of agriculture. Researchers have recognized the role of sustainable agriculture ideology in attracting women to these niche agricultural markets. Despite increasing opportunities for women in sustainable agriculture, research suggests that traditional gender roles are often maintained, manifesting itself through several obstacles (Pilgeram & Amos, 2015). Female agricultural entrepreneurs encounter obstacles including work-family balance, geographic barriers, access to physical resources, access to financial resources, access to places of information. Previous research indicates that female entrepreneurs have less access to human, social, and financial capital to support their business ventures (Powell & Eddleston, 2013). However, this study explored the feminine perspective and management styles which may serve as beneficial resources. </p> <p>The purpose of this study was to explore and describe existing obstacles encountered by female entrepreneurs in niche agricultural markets and their methods of building resilience in their business. Quantitative data was collected through an online survey of 62 agricultural entrepreneurs across the state of Indiana. Participants were asked questions pertaining to their business structure, resources, constraints, processes, achievements, and demographics. Several responses to open-ended questions were also collected and analyzed through open, axial coding. Study results include the diversity of the population, value of human capital resources, prioritization of quality products, significance of internal constraints, discrepancies in division of labor and women’s obstacles to access to social networks. A greater understanding of the obstacles encountered by women agricultural entrepreneurs can also provide valuable insight to Land-Grant University Extension, policymakers, and stakeholders in the Indiana agriculture industry. </p>

Climate change and rapid urbanization have caused several vulnerabilities for the global food system, and alternative farming methods are required to solve this ongoing crisis. Zero acreage farming can be a sustainable farming a to geoponics, as it is developing worldwide, and in Stockholm, this provides an opportunity to produce food year-round. In addition to that, it makes the food system more resilient and increases food security. The thesis aimed to explore the possibilities of zero-acreage farming on household rooftops in Stockholm and achieve the demand for tomatoes with an aeroponics growing system. With the help of GIS software, 4269 flat and slant roofs with a total available area of 3815121 m2 are found to implement a greenhouse. The GIS study shows that the south sector had the better potential for more extensive operations considering buildings, more population, and broader roads where transportation will be made more accessible. The central sector had the least potential for zero acreage farming because those regions have heritage values and narrow streets, making the transportation and supply chain difficult. The result of the aeroponics growing system reveals that the Stockholm tomato demand can be achieved in a 12780 m2 area with 95% water saving and 90% less global warming potential (GWP)compared to geoponics or conventional farming. Further on, this thesis suggests aeroponics as a sustainable alternative way of growing crops to minimize the impact on the environment caused by geoponics over the centuries.

The agri-food sector is responsible for 26% of the total global carbon emissions. This puts the sector under the critical eye of the world, which demands radical solutions to this. For this, alternatives to unsustainable practices have already been implemented and have led to the transformation of the systems into more sustainable ones. And, studies that seek to understand these transformations have been carried out, which belong to the Sustainability Transitions field. However, this branch of studies has been more prominent in countries of the northern hemisphere, and not so much in countries of the south. This is why, this study aimed to extend the knowledge on sustainability transitions in countries from the global south by studying the case of the blueberry sector in Peru, and the possible factors that may be hindering or boosting a sustainable transition. The study focused on the evaluation of secondary data on the context and relevant events within the blueberry sector in Peru from 2004 to 2021, also interviews were held to support the information gathered previously. The study showed that factors that act as a booster for a transition, within the Peruvian context, are the price of a product in the global market, and also the enactment of certain laws that promote certain activities like organic production. Also, those hindering factors were the price of cultivation of the blueberries and the activity of informal institutions called “services”. Moreover, the study shows that two out of the three alternatives for sustainable change that were analyzed lacked consideration for social sustainability aspects. Finally, the insights provided in this study could help to better understand how sustainability transitions could unravel in similar South American regions.

Comprehensive planning for regional food systems is a relatively new focus in the planning field. Heightened national awareness of the economic, environmental and equity implications of our current food system has magnified the importance of planning engagement on food-system issues. While addressing food system concepts is relatively new to planners, community-based organizations have been historic players in the development of food-system programs and critical food-system policy, particularly with regard to food access and local food production. This thesis reviews the status of the regional food system in the Pioneer Valley of Western Massachusetts through an assessment of the efforts of food-related community-based organizations working in the region. The data results provide a knowledge platform for the regional planning agency that supports collaboration with community-based organizations, builds upon current assets and opportunities for improvement, and facilitates strategies to address food-system barriers, in order to develop and sustain a viable food system for the Pioneer Valley region. This research intends to support two central conceptual objectives: first, providing evidence to support the key role of planning practice in food-system efforts; and second, highlighting the importance of planning and community-organization collaborations to achieve greater systemic impact. Finally, this research aims to expand available information regarding the role of collaborative planning and community organization partnerships in the food-system change process, so as to highlight assets and strengthen the integration of efforts towards building comprehensive and sustainable regional food system networks.

No description available.