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Regional Variations in Political Ideology in CanadaHéroux-Legault, Maxime 04 1900 (has links)
Il est reconnu que les résultats électoraux au Canada varient grandement selon la région. Afin de
trouver des explications à ce phénomène, il convient d’étudier comment les grandes régions du
Canada se distinguent les unes des autres sur le plan politique. La présente recherche amorce
cette étude sous l’angle de l’idéologie. Elle tente de déterminer en quoi l’idéologie politique
diffère d’une région à l’autre du pays.
Elle s’appuie sur les données des études électorales canadiennes de 2008. On a recours à des
questions évaluant les préférences des répondants par rapport à plusieurs enjeux politiques
pour répondre à la question de recherche. On conduit en premier lieu une analyse factorielle,
qui identifie six facteurs qui ont structuré l’opinion publique lors de l’élection de 2008. Ensuite,
des tests T sont conduits pour vérifier si les moyennes de ces facteurs idéologiques sont
statistiquement différentes d’une région à l’autre.
Les résultats montrent que les différences régionales sont souvent significatives et suivent les
hypothèses. Toutefois, les résultats touchant à la privatisation de la santé ainsi qu’au Manitoba
et à la Saskatchewan vont à l’encontre des attentes. / It is widely known that electoral results in Canada vary greatly from one region to the next. To
explain this phenomenon, it is only appropriate to study how Canadian regions differ from each
other politically. The current research is especially interested in regional variations in political
ideology.
The research relies on data from the 2008 Canadian Electoral Studies. It uses opinion statements
to assess respondents’ political preferences to answer the research question. A factor analysis is
conducted from these variables to highlight six ideological dimensions. Furthermore, t-tests are
used to verify if regional differences on these ideological dimensions are statistically significant.
Results show that differences across regions are very often significant and follow hypotheses.
However, results regarding the privatization of healthcare and the Midwest run counter to
expectations.
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The Impact of the Neuropeptide Substance P (SP) Fragment SP1-7 on Chronic Neuropathic PainJonsson, Anna January 2015 (has links)
There is an unmet medical need for the efficient treatment of neuropathic pain, a condition that affects approximately 10% of the population worldwide. Current therapies need to be improved due to the associated side effects and lack of response in many patients. Moreover, neuropathic pain causes great suffering to patients and puts an economical burden on society. The work presented in this thesis addresses SP1-7, (Arg-Pro-Lys-Pro-Gln-Gln-Phe-OH), a major metabolite of the pronociceptive neuropeptide Substance P (SP). SP is released in the spinal cord following a noxious stimulus and binds to the NK1 receptor. In contrast to SP, the degradation fragment SP1-7 is antinociceptive through binding to specific binding sites distinct from the NK1 receptor. The aim of this thesis was to investigate the impact of SP1-7 on neuropathic pain. To understand how SP1-7 exerts its effect, a series of N-truncated forms of the heptapeptide were biologically evaluated. A set of small high-affinity ligands was evaluated in animal models of neuropathic pain. To confirm a clinical relevance the levels of SP1-7 in human neuropathic pain were assessed incerebrospinal fluid (CSF) collected from neuropathic pain patients. The results showed that SP1-7 could alleviate thermal as well as mechanical hypersensitivity in three different animal models of neuropathic pain. C-terminal amidation was connected with increased efficacy. N-terminal truncation of SP1-7 indicated a necessity of five amino acids in order to retain biological effect. One small high-affinity ligand showed a significant anti-allodynic effect. CSF levels of SP1-7 in neuropathic pain patients were lower compared to controls. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that the formation of SP1-7 may be attenuated in neuropathic pain. C-terminal amidation and a majority of its amino acids are necessary for stability and permeability. Clearly, SP1-7 and SP1-7 mimetics with high affinity to the SP1-7 binding site ameliorate neuropathic pain-like behaviors in animal models of neuropathic pain. Overall, the findings presented in this thesis contribute to new knowledge regarding the role of SP1-7 and related analogues and fragments in neuropathic pain. In a future perspective, this could be essential for the development of efficient strategies for managing patients with neuropathic pain.
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Design and Optimization of Recombinant Antibodies Directed Against Platelet Glycoprotein VI with Therapeutic and Diagnostic PotentialsZahid, Muhammad 24 November 2011 (has links) (PDF)
Human platelets glycoprotein VI (GPVI) is evidenced to be a platelet receptor of major importance in the occurrence of arterial thrombosis. Thus, it can be considered to be of great interest in diagnosis and therapeutic of atheriosclerotic diseases. Antibodies are powerful molecules which can be used in both diagnostic as well as for therapeutic purposes due to their unique characteristics. Monoclonal and recombinant antibodies have antigen restricted specificity, high affinity and can be used in various assays. Moreover, the good knowledge of their structure and molecular engineering facilities now allows the antibody modulation according to desired properties.Our group has already produced several monoclonal antibodies to human GPVI by gene gun immunization against the immunoadhesin hGPVI-Fc, which differ in fine epitopespecificity, affinity and other functional properties (Lecut et al. 2003). One, 3J24, with diagnostic potential while the other, 9O12, has a therapeutic potential because it blocks the binding of GPVI to collagen. Its Fab fragment has been extensively characterized in vitro,ex vivo and in vivo for its antithrombotic properties.Here, we designed and reshaped a single-chain antibody fragment (scFv) based on 3J24variable domains for the quantification of GPVI with diagnostic potential. We were also involved in the design, production and functional evaluation of humanized anti-GPVI recombinant antibody fragments (scFvs and Fabs) with therapeutic properties.
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Produção e consumo de frutos zoocóricos em dois fragmentos florestais do oeste do Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil. / Production and consumption of fruits zoochorous in two forest fragments in the west of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.Torquato, Jânio Lopes 26 February 2015 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2015-02-26 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The availability of fleshy fruits in forest fragments is essential for the survival of many animal species. The disadvantage of small fragments to native wildlife is the decrease in fleshy fruits availability, especially in the period of food shortage. Together with the food shortage period there is an environmental factor, rainfall, which directly influences the production of fruits zoochorous, and consequently in the diet and survival of fauna. The goal of this study was to compare the production and consumption of fruits zoochorous in forest fragments in the western of Rio Grande do Norte state. The study took place in two forest fragments: Parque Nacional da Furna Feia PARNA Furna Feia (8.517ha) and Trilha dos Polinizadores TRIPOL (26ha), from June 2013 to July 2014. The data collection was done every 15 days in pre-established trails in forest fragments. The counting of ripe fruit zoochorous in forest fragments was done in two ways: estimation and absolute. The diet of the animals was analyzed by feces collected on the trails and screened in the ECOMOL/UFERSA lab. The frugivorous animals were recorded with the help of the trap camera and some Caatinga native fruit were placed in front camera. The data of rainfall were obtained from the National Institute of Meteorology INMET. In total, 270 individuals were recorded fruiting, 13 zoochorous specie and nine botanical families. Considering the 13 species recorded zoochorous, only 11 were fruitful, 10 in the rainy season. The accumulated abundance of ripe fruit registered at the TRIPOL (n = 36,494; 15.7 fruits/m²) was higher than in PARNA Furna Feia (n = 27 168; 3.7 fruits/m²). At TRIPOL, the species which produced more fruits were: Spondias tuberosa, Ziziphus joazeiro, Lantana camara, Tournefortia volubilis and Phoradendron affine. At PARNA Furna Feia, the species which produced more fruits were: Ziziphus joazeiro and Commiphora leptophloeos. The relationship between the abundance of zoochorous fruit and the precipitation was significant at TRIPOL (rs = 0.5438, p = 0.0041), but there was no significant relation at PARNA Furna Feia (rs = 0.1973, p = 0.3337). There was no significant relation between the abundance of zoochorous fruit and the number of seeds registered in the feces. In them, 666 seeds were registered at TRIPOL and 4.281 seeds at PARNA Furna Feia. Considering the total number of seed found in the feces, the species T. volubilis and Sideroxylon obtusifolium represented 55,2% and 72,2% of total seed, respectively in each fragment analyzes. The animals recorded by the trap cameras consuming the fruit-baits in forest fragments were Tupinambis merianae, Ameiva ameiva, Turdus rufiventris, Mimus saturninus, Coereba flaveola, Cyanocorax cyanopogon, Cerdocyon thous and Callithrix jacchus. Cerdocyon thous and Cyanocorax cyanopogon were the two species which most consumed the fruit-baits of Copernicia prunifera and Cereus jamacaru, respectively. The species C. thous and C. cyanopogon can be important seed dispersers in forest fragments of the Caatinga. The fruits of species T. volubilis and S. obtusifolium are important food source for fauna, especially S. obtusifolium which offers ripe fruit during fleshy fruit shortage period / A disponibilidade de frutos carnosos em fragmentos florestais é essencial para a sobrevivência de diversas espécies da fauna. A desvantagem dos pequenos fragmentos para a fauna nativa é a diminuição da abundância de frutos carnosos ao longo do tempo, principalmente no período de escassez de alimentos. Junto ao período de escassez de alimento há um fator ambiental, a precipitação pluviométrica, que influencia diretamente na produção de frutos de plantas zoocóricas e, consequentemente, na dieta e sobrevivência da fauna. O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar a produção e o consumo de frutos zoocóricos em fragmentos florestais no oeste potiguar nordestino. O estudo foi realizado em dois fragmentos florestais: Parque Nacional da Furna Feia PARNA Furna Feia (8.517ha) e a Trilha dos Polinizadores TRIPOL (26ha), durante junho de 2013 a julho de 2014. A coleta de dados foi realizada a cada 15 dias em trilhas pré-estabelecidas nos fragmentos florestais. A contagem dos frutos zoocóricos maduros nos fragmentos florestais foi realizada de duas formas: estimativa e absoluta. A dieta dos animais foi analisada por meio de fezes coletadas nas trilhas e triadas no laboratório ECOMOL/UFERSA. Os animais frugívoros foram registrados com o auxílio da câmera armadilha utilizando frutos de espécies nativas da Caatinga como isca. Os dados de precipitação pluviométrica foram obtidos no Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia INMET. No total foram registrados 270 indivíduos frutificando, sendo 13 espécies zoocóricas e nove famílias botânicas. Das 13 espécies zoocóricas foram registradas 11 que produziram frutos, sendo que 10 frutificaram no período chuvoso. A abundância absoluta acumulada de frutos maduros registrados na TRIPOL (n = 36.494; 15,7 frutos/m²) foi maior do que no PARNA Furna Feia (n = 27.168; 3,7 frutos/m²). Na TRIPOL, as espécies que produziram mais frutos foram: Spondias tuberosa, Ziziphus joazeiro, Lantana camara, Tournefortia volubilis e Phoradendron affine. No PARNA Furna Feia, as espécies que produziram mais frutos foram: Ziziphus joazeiro e Commiphora leptophloeos. A relação entre a abundância de frutos zoocóricos e a precipitação pluviométrica foi significativa na TRIPOL (rs = 0,5438; p = 0,0041), mas não houve relação significativa no PARNA Furna Feia (rs = 0,1973; p = 0,3337). Não houve relação significativa entre a abundância de frutos zoocóricos e o número de sementes registradas nas fezes. No total de amostras de fezes coletadas e analisadas foram registradas 666 sementes na TRIPOL e 4.281 sementes no PARNA Furna Feia. Do total de sementes encontradas nas fezes, as espécies T. volubilis e Sideroxylon obtusifolium representaram 55,2% e 72,2% do total de sementes, respectivamente. Os animais registrados pelas câmeras armadilha consumindo os frutos iscas nos fragmentos floretais foram: Tupinambis merianae, Ameiva ameiva, Turdus rufiventris, Mimus saturninus, Coereba flaveola, Cyanocorax cyanopogon, Cerdocyon thous e Callithrix jacchus. A C. thous e a C. cyanopogon foram as duas espécies que mais consumiram os frutos isca da Copernicia prunifera e do Cereus jamacaru, respectivamente. As espécies C. thous e o C. cyanopogon podem ser importantes dispersores de sementes em fragmentos florestais. Os frutos das espécies T. volubilis e S. obtusifolium são importantes fonte de alimento para a fauna em fragmentos florestais de Caatinga, com destaque para S. obtusifolium que disponibiliza frutos maduros durante o período de escassez de frutos carnosos
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Génération de contenu graphique / Graphical content generationMarechal, Nicolas 07 July 2010 (has links)
L’objectif de cette thèse est la recherche de nouvelles techniques de génération de contenu numérique pour des applications de jeu vidéo. Le manque de variété de terrains, d’objets et de détails affecte fortement le réalisme des paysages de synthèse.Dans ce contexte, un des principaux goulots d’étranglements est la modélisation des ressources graphiques permettant de créer les scènes. Afin de simplifier et d’accélérer cette tâche, nous présentons des méthodes permettant de générer automatiquement du contenu graphique pour créer de grands paysages à la fois complexes et originaux.Notre première approche permet de créer et d’éditer rapidement des variétés d’objets à partir d’un modèle initial fourni par un graphiste, sous la contrainte d’une représentation avec très peu de triangles. Nous présentons également une méthode de génération procédurale des variétés d’objets. Ensemble, ces méthodes permettent de créer aussi bien des variétés de formes naturelles que des ouvrages d’arts tels que des routes, des ponts et des tunnels capables de s’adapter automatiquement au relief d’un paysage.Nous proposons une autre méthode, s’appuyant sur une simulation physique et thermique, pour créer des paysages hivernaux évoluant au cours du temps en fonction des conditions climatiques. Cette approche permet de suivre l’évolution du manteau neigeux ainsi que l’épaisseur de la glace qui se forme en surface d’un lac. / The goal of this thesis is the search for new techniques for generating digital content for video game applications. The lack of variety of objects and details strongly affects the realism of synthetic landscapes. In this context, a major bottleneck is the creation of graphical assets to create the scenes. To simplify and accelerate this task, we present methods to automatically generate graphical content with a view to creating large, convincing and realistic landscapes.We present a first category of method to create and edit quickly a vast variety of objects from an initial model provided by a graphic designer, under the constraint of low polygonal modeling. We also present a procedural method for generating of varieties of objects. Together, these methods can create many varieties of natural forms as well as roads, bridges and tunnels that can automatically adapt to the landform features of an input terrain.We propose another method, based on a physical simulation and heat transfer simulation to create winter landscapes that evolve over time depending on the weather conditions. This approach allows us to follow the evolution of the snowpack and the thickness of the ice that forms on the surface of a lake.
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Antibody Based Diagnostic and Therapeutic Approach for Alzheimer's DiseaseJanuary 2014 (has links)
abstract: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia leading to cognitive dysfunction and memory loss as well as emotional and behavioral disorders. It is the 6th leading cause of death in United States, and the only one among top 10 death causes that cannot be prevented, cured or slowed. An estimated 5.4 million Americans live with AD, and this number is expected to triple by year 2050 as the baby boomers age. The cost of care for AD in the US is about $200 billion each year. Unfortunately, in addition to the lack of an effective treatment or AD, there is also a lack of an effective diagnosis, particularly an early diagnosis which would enable treatment to begin before significant neuronal damage has occurred.
Increasing evidence implicates soluble oligomeric forms of beta-amyloid and tau in the onset and progression of AD. While many studies have focused on beta-amyloid, soluble oligomeric tau species may also play an important role in AD pathogenesis. Antibodies that selectively identify and target specific oligomeric tau variants would be valuable tools for both diagnostic and therapeutic applications and also to study the etiology of AD and other neurodegenerative diseases.
Recombinant human tau (rhTau) in monomeric, dimeric, trimeric and fibrillar forms were synthesized and purified to perform LDH assay on human neuroblastoma cells, so that trimeric but not monomeric or dimeric rhTau was identified as extracellularly neurotoxic to neuronal cells. A novel biopanning protocol was designed based on phage display technique and atomic force microscopy (AFM), and used to isolate single chain antibody variable domain fragments (scFvs) that selectively recognize the toxic tau oligomers. These scFvs selectively bind tau variants in brain tissue of human AD patients and AD-related tau transgenic rodent models and have potential value as early diagnostic biomarkers for AD and as potential therapeutics to selectively target toxic tau aggregates. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Chemical Engineering 2014
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Efeitos de lípides sintéticos sobre solubilização e estabilidade coloidal do miconazol e sobre células de Candida albicans / Effects of synthetic lipid in solubilization and colloidal stability of the miconazole and on the Candida albicans cellsLuis Fernando Pacheco Otalora 24 September 2004 (has links)
Bicamadas de lípides sintéticos como o brometo de dioctadecildimetilamônio (DODAB) ou dihexadecilfosfato de sódio (DHP) foram avaliadas como carreadores em potencial de miconazol (MCZ), uma droga altamente hidrofóbica. A solubilização e/ou estabilização do MCZ foi avaliada através de métodos de espectrofotometria no UV-visível, determinações de tamanho por espalhamento de luz dinâmico, determinações de potencial zeta e cinéticas de agregação da droga por medidas turbidez em presença ou ausência das dispersões dos anfifílicos. Os resultados mostram que há uma notável capacidade de solubilização de MCZ em fragmentos de membrana (BF) de dispersões de DODAB, o que não ocorre para vesículas grandes (LV) dos mesmos anfifilicos. Ainda, demonstrou-se uma evidente estabilização coloidal do particulado de droga em dispersão aquosa por deposição de bicamadas aniônicas de DHP sobre os grânulos catiônicos do miconazol. Em elevadas proporções molares drogai lípide sintético observou-se um aumento na estabilidade coloidal do particulado de droga que foi atribuído ao recobrimento do particulado catiônico de droga com bicamadas aniônicas. Posteriormente, foram avaliadas as possíveis interações existentes entre células de Candida albicans e fragmentos e/ou vesículas de DODAB. Isotermas de adsorção foram obtidas em função do método de dispersão, concentração do anfifílico e densidade numérica de células. Para os fragmentos de bicamada, as isotermas mostraram-se de alta afinidade (adsorção não-reversivel) não havendo desorção, ao contrário do resultado obtido para as vesículas grandes, onde foi observada desorção a partir da superficie celular. A desorção é favorecida pelo aumento da quantidade de vesículas livres no sobrenadante, sugerindo assim que existe uma significante interação intervesicular de natureza hidrofóbica entre DODAB adsorvido e as vesículas livres. Experimentos de mobilidade eletroforética (ME) mostram a mesma tendência. Dois tipos de interações puderam ser notados. As interações de natureza eletrostática estão presentes em ambas condições (interação das células com fragmento e/ou vesícula). A interação ocorre entre a cabeça carregada do anfifilico e a membrana do fungo. Interações hidrofóbicas possivelmente ocorrem somente em fragmentos de bicamada devido a interações extra-atrativas entre regiões hidrofóbicas da parede celular e as bordas hidrofóbicas dos fragmentos. / Bilayer of synthetic lipids such as sodium dioctadecyldimethylarnrnoniurn bromide (DODAB) or dihexadecylphosphate (DHP) were assessed as potential carriers for miconazol (MCZ), a very hydrophobic drug. The solubilization anel/or stabilization of the drug were tested by UV-visible spectrophotometry methods, size deterrninations by dynamic light scattering, zeta-potential detenninations and drug aggregations kinetics by turbidity changes in the presence or absence of amphiphiles dispersions. Our results show an outstanding capacity solubilization of MCZ in bilayer fragrnents (BF) of DODAB dispersions, what doesn\'t occur with large vesicles (LV) from the same amphiphiles. Still, we have demonstrated a colloidal stabilization of drug particles in water dispersion by deposition of anionic bilayers of DHP on the cationic MCZ granules. In high molar ratio drug/synthetic lipid we observed an increasing colloidal stabilization of drug particles that was attributed to the covering of the drug cationic particles with anionic bilayers. Subsequently, were evaluated the possible interactions that existed between Candida Albicans cells and DODAB fragrnents and/or vesicles. Adsorption isotherrns were obtained as a function of the method of dispersion, concentration of the amphiphiles and cells number density. For the bilayer fragrnents, the isotherrns showed high affinity (irreversible adsorption) without desorption, in contrast with the isotherrns obtained for large vesicles, where we observed desorption of these vesicles over the cellular surface. The desorption was favored by the increase of free vesicles in the supematant, thus suggesting that there is a significant inter-vesicle interaction ofhydrophobic nature between adsorbed DODAB and the free vesicles. Electrophoretic mobility (ME) experiments showed the same tendency. Two types of interactions could be observed. The electrostatic nature interactions were present in both conditions (cellular interaction with fragrnent and/or vesicle). The interaction occurs between the charged head of the amphiphilic and the fungus membrane. Hydrophobic interactions possibly only occur with bilayer fragrnents due the extraattractive interaction existing between hydrophobic regions of the cell wall and the hydrophobic borders of the fragrnents.
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Florística e estrutura do componente arbóreo e avaliação da invasão biológica por Hovenia dulcis Thunb. na faixa de proteção ciliar da usina hidrelétrica Machadinho, SC / Floristic and structure of tree componente and evaluation of biological invasion by Hovenia dulcis Thunb. in the riparian area of Machadinho hydroelectric power plant, SCLazzarin, Luciane Cristina 17 December 2014 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2014-12-17 / Nowadays, invasion by exotic species is a major environmental problem, causing loss of biodiversity on a global scale. In Brazil, among the regions where the process of biological contamination is evident is the Upper Uruguay region, where Hovenia dulcis Thunb., an exotic tree species, occurs in high abundance in forest remnants. Thus, studies with the aim to understand the ecology of invasive species, their environmental impacts and the factors that favor the invasibility of natural ecosystems are becoming priority. Therefore, this dissertation seeks to contribute for the understanding of the invasion process by Hovenia dulcis in forest fragments of this region, in Santa Catarina State. The study was conducted in a riparian area of the water reservoir of Machadinho Hydroelectric Power Plant, in the municipality of Piratuba, SC. The floristic composition survey was conducted within 48 plots of 200 m2 each, arranged in eight blocks allocated randomly, but at least, 100 m apart from each other, in the riparian forest fragments. The blocks were classified according to the successional stage and the plots classified according to the contamination or not by H. dulcis. Within plots, all
trees with circumference at breast height (cbh) greater or equal to 15.7 cm were measured (cbh) and identified. The data were analyzed through the classic phytosociological descriptors, biological invasion index (bii), diversity index, non-metric multidimensional scalling (NMDS), permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA), indicator species analyses, and c-score index. In general, this study demonstrates the high relative importance of H. dulcis in the evaluated area, despite the relatively low value of bii. The blocks were classified in intermediary and advance successional stage (p = 0.001), with association of H. dulcis with blocks presenting successional stage in intermediary phase. Furthermore, in invaded areas, the resident community of tree species showed lower diversity and with no structure, in relation to the segregation of species within plots. We conclude that the invasibility by H. dulcis does not occur in a homogeneous way and may be favored by events that promote the reduction of species diversity and the occurrence of more early successional stages, as disturbances. Monitoring studies of the population of the invasive species and of the resident community are recommended for more conclusive inferences and definition of management strategies / A invasão por espécies exóticas representa um dos principais problemas ambientais da atualidade, por causar a perda da biodiversidade em escala global. No Brasil, dentre as regiões onde o processo de contaminação biológica é evidente, encontra-se a região do Alto-Uruguai,onde a espécie arbórea exótica Hovenia dulcis Thunb., de origem asiática,ocorre em elevada abundância em remanescentes florestais.Desta forma, estudos que tenham como meta entender a ecologia de espécies invasoras, seus impactosambientais e fatores que favorecem a invasibilidade de ecossistemas naturais, se tornam prioritários. Assim, a presente dissertação visa contribuir para o entendimento do processo de invasão por Hovenia dulcis em fragmentos florestais desta região, no Estado de Santa Catarina. O estudo foi realizado em uma área na faixa ciliar do reservatório da Usina Hidrelétrica de Machadinho, que abrange o município de Piratuba, SC. O levantamento da composição florística e estrutural foi conduzido em 48 parcelas de 200 m² cada, dispostas em oito blocos alocados de forma aleatória nos fragmentos ciliares. Os blocos foram classificados quanto ao estágio sucessional
e as parcelas quanto à contaminação ou não por H. dulcis. Dentro das parcelas, todos os indivíduos arbóreos com CAP (circunferência medida a altura do peito) igual ou maior que 15,7 cm foram medidos e identificados. Os dados foram analisados por meio dos descritores fitossociológicos clássicos, índice de invasão biológica (IIB), índices de diversidade, escalonamento multidimensional não-métrico (NMDS), análise de variância multivariada permutacional (PERMANOVA), análise de espécies indicadoras e o índice de c-score. De forma geral, o presente trabalho demonstrouelevada importância relativa de H. dulcis na área avaliada,apesar do relativo baixo valor do IIB. Os blocos foram classificados em grupos sucessionais médio e avançado (p= 0,001), sendo que H. dulcis demonstrou associação com os blocos que apresentaram estágio sucessional em fase intermediária (médio). Além disso, nas áreas invadidas, a comunidade de espécies arbóreas residente apresentou menor diversidade e um padrão de ausência de estruturação, referente à segregação das espécies nas parcelas. Conclui-se que a invasibilidade da área por H. dulcis não ocorre de forma homogênea, podendo ser favorecida por eventos que promovam a redução da diversidade de espécies e a ocorrência de estágios sucessionais mais iniciais, como distúrbios. Estudos de monitoramento da população da espécie invasora e da comunidade residente serão necessários para inferências mais conclusivas e definição de estratégias de manejo
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Recomposição florestal visando a infiltração de água: uma abordagem multicriterial / Forest recomposition aiming water infiltration: a multi-criterial approachBernardo, Paulo de Miranda [UNESP] 30 August 2017 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2017-08-30 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Para o planejamento dos recursos naturais e avaliação de uma determinada área, é imprescindível analisar e identificar a bacia hidrográfica. O sensoriamento remoto e procedimentos modernos para obter-se imagens, referentes aos novos sistemas de informações geográficas (SIGs), auxiliam na aquisição de diversos tipos de dados. Foram determinadas as áreas que favorecem a conexão entre os fragmentos florestais, com o objetivo de realizar análise de paisagem na sub-bacia do Rio Araquá. Caracterizar o uso e cobertura atual do solo na bacia, por meio de técnicas de sensoriamento remoto, chamada de classificação supervisionada por máxima verossimilhança. Depois, com o auxílio do SIG, foi feita a análise multicriterial com o Método da Combinação Linear Ponderada, determinando os critérios (fatores e restrições) e os pesos dos fatores. A área de estudo foi descrita, assim como o material cartográfico e os dados orbitais. Foram gerados mapas de rede de drenagem, de uso e cobertura do solo, declividade, solos, potencial de infiltração, AVA, fragmentos florestais, classificação da paisagem no programa ArcGis e análise multicriterial no Idrisi Selva. Por último, foi gerado o mapa de conexão florestal, em que notou-se que as áreas mais críticas estão próximas à cobertura florestal, onde as conexões de fragmentos são afetadas por ocupação antrópica e pela agricultura, que cresce a cada ano. Para a recuperação dessas áreas, os agentes ambientais devem realizar planejamentos, apoiando-se em uma metodologia que contempla toda a paisagem e ecossistemas, priorizando a conexão entre os fragmentos florestais e perturbações que ocorrem neste ambiente da área de estudo. / River River basin analysis and identification are extremely important to natural resources planning and evaluation of a given area. Remote sensing and modern procedures to capture images corresponding to the new geographic information systems (GIS) assist the acquisition of different types of data. In this study, regions that favor the connection of forest fragments were delimited to perform the landscape evaluation of Araquá river sub-basin. Current land use and cover were characterized using supervised maximum likelihood classification of remotely sensed images. Then GIS-based approach to multi-criteria evaluation was performed with a Weighted Linear Combination Method to determine the conditions (factors and restrictions) and factor weights. The studied area was described as well as the cartographic material and the orbital data. Maps for drainage network, land use/cover, declivity, soil, infiltration capacity, area of variable inflow, forest fragments and landscape classification were generated using ArcGis software and the multi-criteria analysis was performed with Idrisi Selva software. Finally, a map for forest connection was established, which revealed that the most critical areas are near to forest cover where the connection between fragments are affected by anthropic occupation and agriculture. To recover these areas, environmental managers must create strategies based on a methodology that contemplates the entire landscape and ecosystems, prioritizing the connection between forest fragments and the existing disruptions in the studied area. / CNPQ: 133282/2015-5
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Avaliação da influência do manejo agrícola no uso e cobertura das terras através de ferramentas de geoprocessamento e indicadores de qualidade dos solos na bacia hidrográfica do Córrego da Caçada - Paraty/RJ / The influence of agricultural management in the use and coverage of land through geoprocessing tools and soil quality indicators in the basin of Stream of Hunt - Paraty / RJRaphael Rodrigues Brizzi 08 April 2015 (has links)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A avaliação da qualidade dos solos e a redução da Mata Atlântica tem sido alvo de diversas pesquisas no Brasil e no mundo, principalmente quando estes estão atrelados ao recorte espacial de Unidades de Conservação. No entanto, tem sido difícil para os gestores dessas unidades a avaliação dos impactos ambientais gerados ao longo dos anos nas bacias hidrográficas, principalmente pela falta de investimentos. Esta dissertação teve por objetivo geral avaliar o atual estágio de degradação da bacia hidrográfica do Córrego da Caçada pertencente à Área de Proteção Ambiental Federal de Cairuçu, no município de Paraty RJ, analisando quantitativamente e qualitativamente a redução dos fragmentos de Mata Atlântica e estabelecendo relações com a degradação física e química dos solos dentro e fora dos fragmentos florestais. A metodologia utilizada para a redução ou avanço dos fragmentos de Mata Atlântica baseou-se no uso de fotografias aéreas do ano de 1956 e imagens de satélite de 2012, onde possibilitou a avaliação espaço-temporal do uso e cobertura das terras, através da produção de um mapa temático final. Além disso, foram elaborados mapas temáticos de reconhecimento da área de estudo, como o de hipsometria, de declividade, de orientação e forma das encostas, além da geração de perfis topográficos. Para a avaliação da qualidade física, química e biológica dos solos foram determinadas as curvas de distribuição granulométrica, a densidade relativa dos grãos sólidos e a densidade aparente, porosidade total, os limites de liquidez e plasticidade, a estabilidade dos agregados em água, análises morfológicas, a saturação de bases, a capacidade de troca catiônica (CTC), a saturação por alumínio, fósforo, pH e o carbono orgânico. Para tal, foi realizada a abertura de três perfis, sendo um em área de fragmento florestal e dois em áreas de pasto. O resultado das análises permitiu, segundo a Sociedade Brasileira de Ciência do solo, a classificação de dois tipos de solos na bacia, sendo: Cambissolo Háplico Tb Distrófico Típico em área fragmento florestal e em área de pasto, e um Latossolo Amarelo Tb Distrófico Típico em área de pasto. Os resultados de laboratório mostraram que os solos avaliados têm baixa fertilidade e valores variados nos resultados de física do solo. No entanto, além do histórico de uso do solo caracterizado pelas práticas rudimentares do manejo empregado pelos Caiçaras, o clima predominante na região possibilita um regime pluviométrico anual que passa dos 2.000mm de chuva/ano, caracterizando solos muito lixiviados e pobres quimicamente. Portanto, conclui-se que a relação das propriedades físicas e químicas avaliadas junto ao manejo inadequado ao longo dos anos tem apresentado um cenário de grandes dificuldades para a recuperação florestal na bacia hidrográfica do Córrego da Caçada, o que mostra a importância da avaliação dos impactos ambientais não só pelo recorte de bacias hidrográficas, como contextualizar seu posicionamento dentro de Unidades de Conservação, com legislações e objetivos específicos. / Evaluation of soil quality and the reduction of the Atlantic Forest has been the subject of several studies in Brazil and abroad, especially when these are linked to the spatial area of protected areas. However, it has been difficult for managers of these units the assessment of environmental impacts over the years in river basins, mainly by lack of investment. This work had as main objective to assess the current watershed degradation stage Hunt Stream belonging to the Federal Environmental Protection Area Cairuçu in the municipality of Paraty - RJ, analyzing qualitatively and quantitatively the reduction of Atlantic Forest fragments and establishing relationships with physical and chemical degradation of soil in and out of the forest fragments. The methodology used for the reduction or advancement of Atlantic Forest fragments was based on air use of photographs of the 1956 and 2012 satellite images, which enabled the evaluation space-use and coverage of land, by producing a final thematic map. In addition, thematic maps were prepared to recognize the study area, such as hypsometry, slope, orientation and shape of the slopes, as well as generating topographic profiles. For assessing the physical, chemical and biological soil were determined particle size distribution curves, the relative density of the solid grains and bulk density, total porosity, the limits of liquidity and plasticity, the stability of water in aggregate, morphological analysis , base saturation, the cation exchange capacity (CEC), saturation of aluminum, phosphorus, pH and organic carbon. To do this, the opening of three profiles was conducted, one in forest fragment area and two in pasture areas. The results of the analysis allowed, according to the Brazilian Society of Soil Science, the classification of two types of soils in the basin, as follows: Cambisol Tb dystrophic Typical in forest fragment area and pasture area, and an Oxisoil Tb dystrophic Typical in pasture area. The laboratory results showed that reviews have low soil fertility and various amounts of soil in physical results. However, besides the history of land use characterized by rudimentary management practices employed by Caiçaras, the prevailing mood in the region provides an annual rainfall of rain passing 2.000mm / year, featuring very leached soils and poor chemically. Therefore, it is concluded that the relationship of the physical and chemical properties evaluated by the inadequate management over the years has presented a scene of great difficulty for forest restoration in the basin of Stream of Hunt, which shows the importance of impact assessment environment not only for crop watersheds, as contextualize its positioning within protected areas, with legislation and specific objectives.
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