Esta pesquisa está inserida em uma linha de estudos que se preocupa com a construção de significados nas notícias sobre os participantes do campo político. Acredita-se que é através do conteúdo produzido pelos jornalistas, percebidos como uma comunidade interpretativa que partilha saberes específicos e mapas culturais, que se dá a construção da realidade social. O objetivo é compreender os enquadramentos construídos sobre Dilma Rousseff nas notícias do Jornal Nacional em seu último ano como ministra da Casa Civil. Foram analisadas 47 matérias do telejornal, exibidas entre abril de 2009 e março de 2010. O referencial teórico está baseado nos estudos sobre visibilidade dos atores políticos, nas noções sobre enquadramento e nas teorias construcionistas da notícia. Como método de investigação, utilizou-se a análise de conteúdo de cunho qualitativo de forma a completar os três objetivos específicos propostos: mapear as temáticas e os acontecimentos em que Dilma Rousseff aparece como figura central das notícias; identificar os quadros de significado e interpretação construídos sobre a ministra e relacionar a formação dos enquadramentos jornalísticos às funções do campo e ao saberes específicos de seus profissionais. Concluiu-se que três ideias organizadoras centrais são construídas sobre esta figura política nos notícias do Jornal Nacional: a suspeição, a humanização e a competência. / This research is located in a line of studies which is concerned with the construction of meanings in news related to participants of the political field. We perceive that it is through the content written by journalists, seen as an interpretative community that shares specific knowledge as well as cultural maps, that construction of social reality takes place. The objective is to comprehend frames constructed about Dilma Rousseff in the news of Jornal Nacional during her last year as Brazil’s Chief of Staff. We analyzed 47 news pieces produced by the TV news program, aired between April 2009 and March 2010. We present as theoretical reference studies on the visibility of political actors, notions about framework and the constructivism theories of news. As research method, a qualitative content analysis was conducted in order to attain the specific objectives outlined: to map the themes and events in which Dilma Rousseff is presented as central character, to identify in the news meanings and interpretations about the chief of staff and to relate the arrangement of journalistic frames to the field’s social functions and to the specific knowledge of those professionals. We concluded that three central organizing ideas are constructed about this political actor in the news of Jornal Nacional: suspicion, humanization and competence.

(in English) The thesis uses the second level of the agenda-setting theory to study the media's coverage of two topics during the presidential campaign in the years 2017 and 2018, in relation to candidates Miloš Zeman and Jiří Drahoš. The chosen topics are migration and the relation to the European Union. The qualitative version of the frame analysis is used to investigate which moments of the candidates' campaign were distinct in the three online media that are read by a different audience: iDnes.cz, Aeronet and Respekt.cz. While iDnes.cz applied broad range of contradictory frames, the opinion-specific media worked with a dominant perspective to frame the candidates' positions. The most successful frames in the campaign were the ones that contested negative emotions and were present in the public and media space for a longer time period. However, the media worked with the frames and their attributes in a critical way, developing or denying them, and none of the media only reproduced the candidates' positions.

Esta pesquisa está inserida em uma linha de estudos que se preocupa com a construção de significados nas notícias sobre os participantes do campo político. Acredita-se que é através do conteúdo produzido pelos jornalistas, percebidos como uma comunidade interpretativa que partilha saberes específicos e mapas culturais, que se dá a construção da realidade social. O objetivo é compreender os enquadramentos construídos sobre Dilma Rousseff nas notícias do Jornal Nacional em seu último ano como ministra da Casa Civil. Foram analisadas 47 matérias do telejornal, exibidas entre abril de 2009 e março de 2010. O referencial teórico está baseado nos estudos sobre visibilidade dos atores políticos, nas noções sobre enquadramento e nas teorias construcionistas da notícia. Como método de investigação, utilizou-se a análise de conteúdo de cunho qualitativo de forma a completar os três objetivos específicos propostos: mapear as temáticas e os acontecimentos em que Dilma Rousseff aparece como figura central das notícias; identificar os quadros de significado e interpretação construídos sobre a ministra e relacionar a formação dos enquadramentos jornalísticos às funções do campo e ao saberes específicos de seus profissionais. Concluiu-se que três ideias organizadoras centrais são construídas sobre esta figura política nos notícias do Jornal Nacional: a suspeição, a humanização e a competência. / This research is located in a line of studies which is concerned with the construction of meanings in news related to participants of the political field. We perceive that it is through the content written by journalists, seen as an interpretative community that shares specific knowledge as well as cultural maps, that construction of social reality takes place. The objective is to comprehend frames constructed about Dilma Rousseff in the news of Jornal Nacional during her last year as Brazil’s Chief of Staff. We analyzed 47 news pieces produced by the TV news program, aired between April 2009 and March 2010. We present as theoretical reference studies on the visibility of political actors, notions about framework and the constructivism theories of news. As research method, a qualitative content analysis was conducted in order to attain the specific objectives outlined: to map the themes and events in which Dilma Rousseff is presented as central character, to identify in the news meanings and interpretations about the chief of staff and to relate the arrangement of journalistic frames to the field’s social functions and to the specific knowledge of those professionals. We concluded that three central organizing ideas are constructed about this political actor in the news of Jornal Nacional: suspicion, humanization and competence.

Esta pesquisa está inserida em uma linha de estudos que se preocupa com a construção de significados nas notícias sobre os participantes do campo político. Acredita-se que é através do conteúdo produzido pelos jornalistas, percebidos como uma comunidade interpretativa que partilha saberes específicos e mapas culturais, que se dá a construção da realidade social. O objetivo é compreender os enquadramentos construídos sobre Dilma Rousseff nas notícias do Jornal Nacional em seu último ano como ministra da Casa Civil. Foram analisadas 47 matérias do telejornal, exibidas entre abril de 2009 e março de 2010. O referencial teórico está baseado nos estudos sobre visibilidade dos atores políticos, nas noções sobre enquadramento e nas teorias construcionistas da notícia. Como método de investigação, utilizou-se a análise de conteúdo de cunho qualitativo de forma a completar os três objetivos específicos propostos: mapear as temáticas e os acontecimentos em que Dilma Rousseff aparece como figura central das notícias; identificar os quadros de significado e interpretação construídos sobre a ministra e relacionar a formação dos enquadramentos jornalísticos às funções do campo e ao saberes específicos de seus profissionais. Concluiu-se que três ideias organizadoras centrais são construídas sobre esta figura política nos notícias do Jornal Nacional: a suspeição, a humanização e a competência. / This research is located in a line of studies which is concerned with the construction of meanings in news related to participants of the political field. We perceive that it is through the content written by journalists, seen as an interpretative community that shares specific knowledge as well as cultural maps, that construction of social reality takes place. The objective is to comprehend frames constructed about Dilma Rousseff in the news of Jornal Nacional during her last year as Brazil’s Chief of Staff. We analyzed 47 news pieces produced by the TV news program, aired between April 2009 and March 2010. We present as theoretical reference studies on the visibility of political actors, notions about framework and the constructivism theories of news. As research method, a qualitative content analysis was conducted in order to attain the specific objectives outlined: to map the themes and events in which Dilma Rousseff is presented as central character, to identify in the news meanings and interpretations about the chief of staff and to relate the arrangement of journalistic frames to the field’s social functions and to the specific knowledge of those professionals. We concluded that three central organizing ideas are constructed about this political actor in the news of Jornal Nacional: suspicion, humanization and competence.

This thesis has strived to analyze how institutionalized frames may affect how another topic is discussed in a political context. This presented framing strategy is referred to as frame bridging. The aim was to analyze whether the framing of homosexuality in Uganda has affected its HIV policy. It is based on the constructivist understanding of policy as something created in dynamic social processes, which can be strategically framed intentionally or have unintentional consequences. Uganda is a compelling case since its homophobia is institutionalized to a degree that makes it difficult for people in to express gay-positive sentiment. Dynamic frame analysis was chosen as method. The material analyzed consisted primarily of statements from key politicians and official policy documents from the Ugandan government between 2009 and 2017. Firstly, the frames that exist upon homosexuality and HIV in Uganda were distinguished. These frames, illustrated tensions between the West and Africa, conflicting roles on masculinity, HIV as consequence of immoral behavior. Secondly, the frames within HIV policy were scrutinized. These frames outlined HIV as a consequence of promiscuity, as a problem especially to those with ‘risky sexual behavior’ or it failed to at all acknowledge e.g. men having sex with men. This thesis demonstrates that a frame bridging is present although it is not overt but rather implicit. The HIV policy is heteronormative and renders sexual minorities invisible. A possible explanation is that the exclusion of men having sex with men in HIV policy is strategic and due to aid dependency from Western donors. Since actors are confined in their social realities, Ugandan politicians may not be explicitly homophobic in HIV policy since they must acknowledge the Western donors’ influence. This thesis has illustrated that the relationship between homophobia and HIV ultimately turns in to a discussion about tensions between an ‘open’ West and a ‘deprived’ Africa.

News media play a key role in U.S. society, helping to inform members of the public as gatherers and reporters of information, as well as by serving as government watchdogs. In the ongoing search for and reporting of information, media professionals must be aware of how they report on crime by being cognizant of how they represent killers, victims, and their families, and by being aware of how they represent any gratifications those groups may receive from the media coverage. This study considers the interactions between serial killer Dennis Rader, investigators and media organizations, and how some of these groups may use the media as a tool to gratify or achieve their goals, as reported or represented in newspaper articles. This analysis will examine news stories concerning one of the most well-known serial killers in American society through a mixed-methods approach study that includes a qualitative thematic analysis and a limited quantitative content analysis.

Abstract The early childhood education given in day care centres affects the everyday life of many children and families in Finnish society. According to the statistics of STAKES (1999), the number of children in day care centres began to increase in the mid-1990s, exceeding 140,000 in 1997. The implementation of early childhood education and the quality of day care centres as growing environments have a significant impact on the growth and development of children. Although research on early childhood education has increased over the past few years, actual work research has been scant. The importance of research on early childhood work has been highlighted by the recent major changes in early childhood education and the educational system, the establishment of early childhood education as an academic line of study and the pre-school reform. Due to these changes, the current state of early childhood education and the needs to develop it have been under debate. This doctoral thesis focuses on the early childhood work done in day care centres, aiming to provide a theoretical and methodological framework for the analysis of early childhood education, and to analyze the practical work done in day care centres. The theoretical and methodological frame of reference is based on Erving Goffman's (1974) frame analysis, which provides the conceptual tools for analyzing the regularity of everyday life in day care centres on the one hand and the complexity, versatility, and change on the other. The empirical data were obtained by observations and interviews carried out in nine day care centres in the Province of Oulu in the spring 1997. The goal of the data analysis was to identify the frames that organize the work of day care staff and to analyze the dynamics of frames in the everyday life of day care centres. According to the findings, early childhood educators approached their work through five different frames. Within the educational frame the meaning of early childhood work was to support and promote learning. When early childhood educators interpreted their working situations through the caring frame, they maintained the well-being and emotional security of the actors in the day care context. Within the managing frame the meaning of early childhood work was to avoid chaos and maintain order. The practical frame defined early childhood work as organizing people, physical environment and time. The personal frame introduced into early childhood education various perspectives from the workers' private lives. For example, early childhood education was influenced by the worker's life history, acute life situation, and parenthood. These frames and the exchange, overlap and modification of the frames provided the logic of the organization and variability of everyday life in day care centres. Within these frames, the actors had multiple roles and identities. The theoretical, methodological and practical findings of the study can be utilized in the pre- and in-service training of early childhood educators. Based on these findings, day care workers and working communities can also evaluate and develop their own work. The report will also allow the parents of day care children, the decision-makers and other stakeholders to get acquainted with the everyday life of day care. / Tiivistelmä Päiväkodeissa toteutettava varhaiskasvatustyö vaikuttaa suomalaisessa yhteiskunnassa monien lasten ja lapsiperheiden arkielämään. Stakesin (1999) tilastojen mukaan päiväkodeissa olevien lasten lukumäärä on ollut nousussa 1990-luvun puolivälin jälkeen, ja vuonna 1997 päiväkodeissa hoidettiin jo yli 140 000 suomalaislasta. Lasten kasvun ja kehityksen näkökulmasta on merkityksellistä se, miten varhaiskasvatustyö toteutuu, ja minkälaisen kasvuympäristön päiväkoti muodostaa. Vaikka varhaiskasvatusta koskeva tutkimustoiminta on viime vuosikymmeninä lisääntynyt, varsinainen työntutkimus on ollut varsin vähäistä. Suomalaisessa yhteiskunnassa varhaiskasvatustyön tutkimuksen ajankohtaisuutta korostavat viime vuosina varhaiskasvatukseen ja kasvatusjärjestelmään kohdistuneet merkittävät muutokset, varhaiskasvatuksen koulutuksen vakinaistuminen yliopistoissa sekä esiopetusuudistus. Näistä johtuen sekä päiväkodeissa että varhaiskasvatuksen koulutusyksiköissä on väistämättä jouduttu pohtimaan varhaiskasvatustyön tämänhetkistä tilaa ja sen kehittämistarpeita. Käsillä oleva väitöskirjahanke kohdentuu päiväkodeissa tehtävään varhaiskasvatustyöhön, ja sillä on varhaiskasvatustyön teoreettiseen ja menetelmälliseen jäsentämiseen sekä käytännön päiväkotityön erittelyyn tähtääviä tavoitteita. Tutkimuksen teoreettinen ja metodologinen viitekehys rakentuu Erving Goffmanin (1974) kehysanalyyttisen näkökulman pohjalle, joka tarjoaa tutkimukselle käsitteelliset välineet päiväkodin arkielämän järjestyneisyyden sekä toisaalta sen epäyhtenäisyyden ja vaihtelun tarkasteluun. Tutkimuksen empiirinen aineisto koostuu havainnointi- ja haastatteluaineistosta, joka kerättiin yhdeksässä Oulun läänin alueella sijaitsevassa päiväkodissa keväällä 1997. Aineistoanalyysin kautta pyrittiin löytämään päiväkodin työntekijöiden työtä jäsentäviä kehyksiä, työtä koskevia vakiintuneita ajattelu- ja toimintatapoja, sekä analysoimaan kehysten dynamiikkaa päiväkodin arkipäivässä. Tutkimus osoitti varhaiskasvattajien tulkitsevan työtään viiden erilaisen kehyksen kautta. Opetuksellisen kehyksen puitteissa varhaiskasvatustyön merkitys määrittyi oppimisen tukemisena ja edistämisenä. Hoivakehyksessä keskeistä oli päiväkodin toimijoiden hyvinvoinnin ja emotionaalisen turvallisuuden ylläpitäminen. Tulkitessaan työtään hallinnan kehyksen kautta varhaiskasvattajat suuntautuivat kaaoksen karttamiseen ja järjestyksen ylläpitämiseen. Käytännöllisen kehyksen puitteissa varhaiskasvatustyön merkitys määrittyi ihmisten, fyysisen ympäristön sekä ajan organisoimisena. Persoonallisen kehyksen kautta varhaiskasvatustyöhön tuli mukaan työntekijöiden yksityiseen elämänpiiriin liittyviä näkökulmia. Esimerkiksi työntekijöiden elämänhistoria, akuutti elämäntilanne tai oma vanhemmuus määrittivät joissakin tilanteissa varhaiskasvatustyötä. Näistä kehyksistä sekä kehysten vaihdoksista, päällekkäisyyksistä ja muunnoksista rakentui päiväkodin arkielämän jäsentyneisyyden ja toisaalta myös sen monimuotoisuuden logiikka. Kehysten puitteissa rakentuivat myös päiväkodin toimijoiden roolit ja identiteetit monimuotoisiksi. Tutkimuksen tuloksena rakentuneita teoreettisia, menetelmällisiä ja päiväkodin käytännön työhön liittyviä näkökulmia voidaan hyödyntää eri tavoin esimerkiksi varhaiskasvattajien perus- ja täydennyskoulutuksessa. Myös päiväkodin työntekijät ja työyhteisöt voivat tutkimuksen pohjalta arvioida ja kehittää omaa työtään. Tutkimus mahdollistaa myös päiväkotilasten vanhempien, päättäjien sekä muiden tahojen perehtymisen päiväkodin arkielämään.

From 2008-2012, the Harper government engaged in an effort to reform Canada's copyright legislation. This thesis uses a frame analysis approach to identify two distinct frames advanced by the government during this reform. 2008's Bill C-61 was unsuccessfully framed as a "Made-in-Canada" bill in order to combat opposition claims that American pressure unduly influenced the policy process. Following the failure of this bill, the government embarked on a public consultation on copyright. Although the government did not substantively modify subsequent reform bills, it was able to leverage the consultation process and Supreme Court of Canada jurisprudence to lend legitimacy to its new frame of the reform as a "balanced approach", build a coalition of support, and mitigate opposition. The thesis' analysis supports key conclusions of existing framing literature and creates a space for the role of ideas in the study of copyright reform in Canada.

No description available.

The study of climate change communication has become a vital research field. It has evolved into being an essential translator between the scientific community and the public. The Conference of the Parties (COP) met in December 2015 to discuss the basis of a 54-page document on how the world will proceed with the challenges of climate change in the future. Throughout the conference the media was an important tool in spreading opinions and information about the on-going negotiations. This study analyzes how the COP21 was framed by the British newspaper the Guardian. Therefore, the empirical material consists of online newspaper articles from the period of the conference. A qualitative research approach was used to identify four frames and formulate themes. The findings mirror the central discussion points from the past 20 years of climate change negotiations: mitigation, adaptation, leadership, scientific proof of climate change and the urgency of change. In addition, the study identifies the politics of climate policy.