Notre recherche doctorale a pour objet d’apporter un éclairage novateur sur la chaîne logistique dans le contexte des réseaux de franchise en s’appuyant sur la théorie des ressources et la théorie des parties prenantes. S’inscrivant dans une logique d’exploration, la recherche participe à enrichir les travaux sur les réseaux de franchise sous l’angle de la chaîne logistique. Une telle approche, jusqu’à présent peu explorée, permet de mieux saisir l’avantage compétitif que représente de la maîtrise de la chaîne logistique pour le réseau de franchise, ainsi que le rôle du prestataire de services logistiques (PSL) dans le contexte français. En effet, son rôle de conseil, voire de prescripteur d’évolution des processus,s’appuie sur sa connaissance des métiers de la chaîne logistique, imprégnée de la culture du client, et sur sa capacité à imposer les évolutions nécessaires vis-à-vis des 3PL auprès desquels il aura sous-traité une partie de ses activités. Il ressort de la recherche que la maîtrise de la chaîne logistique est un enjeu stratégique pour le réseau de franchise. Au travers d’études de cas, la relation de longue durée, la confiance et l’appropriation de la culture du réseau par le PSL sont des critères incontournables de l’avantage compétitif que procure la maîtrise de la chaîne logistique au profit du réseau de franchise. / Our doctoral research aims to bring innovative light on the supply chain in the context offranchise networks based on resource theory and stakeholder theory. As part of an explorationstrategy, research contributes to enriching the work on franchise networks in terms of the supplychain. Such an approach, hitherto little explored, makes it possible to better understand thecompetitive advantage of supply chain control for the franchise network and the role of thelogistics service provider (LSP) in the French context. Indeed, its advisory role, and even theprescriber of the evolution of processes, relies on its knowledge of the supply chain businesses,imbued with the customer's culture, and its ability to impose the necessary changes vis-à-vis3PLs from which it will have subcontracted part of its activities. Research shows that supplychain management is a strategic challenge for the franchise network. Through case studies, thelong-term relationship, trust and ownership of the network culture by the PSL are essentialcriteria for the competitive advantage of supply chain control in favor of the network franchise.

Utbildning och erfarenhetsutbyte inom franchise är ett lagstadgat krav och nyckelfaktorer för en fungerande och framgångsrik franchiseverksamhet. Franchisegivare försöker därför ständigt förbättra utbildningen och erfarenhetsutbytet och frågan är om e-learning kan vara ett lämpligt verktyg för detta. Denna uppsats syfte är att undersöka möjligheten att komplettera utbildningen av franchisetagare och erfarenhetsutbytet mellan franchisegivare och franchisetagare med e-learning. Vidare att presentera en rekommendation för den mest lämpliga e-learningplattformen. För att uppfylla syftet valde vi att kartlägga hur utbildningen och erfarenhetsutbytet går till idag och vilken kunskap som förmedlas, intresset för att komplettera dessa aktiviteter med e-learning samt vilken e-learningplattform som är lämplig för detta. Genom att intervjua sex franchisegivare i detaljhandelsbranschen på ett kvalitativt sätt avser vi besvara dessa frågor. I analysen av intervjuerna har vi använt oss av addiemodellen som är en beprövad modell för att kartlägga typer av kunskap och vilken e-learningplattform som är lämplig. Utifrån intervjuerna kom det fram att samtliga franchisegivare var intresserade av att komplettera nuvarande utbildning av nya franchisetagare med hjälp av e-learning. Det framkom även att franchisegivarnas utbildningsförfarande liknande varandra. Vidare visade det sig att en Web based training (WBT) lösning med fokus på att förmedla cognitive skills som är memoriserbar kunskap vore lämpligast för att komplettera nuvarande förfarande. Det framkom även att e-learning endast kan vara ett komplement eftersom praktiska och fysiska moment i utbildningen är nödvändiga för att lära ut övriga kunskapstyper i utbildningsförfarandet. Utifrån intervjuerna framkom det att samtliga franchisegivare var intresserade av att komplettera erfarenhetsutbytet mellan franchise-givaren och franchisetagarna med hjälp av e-learning och förfarandet för detta var väldigt liknande varandra och förmedlade kunskap som är möjlig att förmedla med hjälp av e-learning. Vidare visade det sig att en Web asynchronous classroom (WAC) lösning med fokus på att stödja förmedling av cognitive skills som är analyserande och utvärderande kunskap vore lämpligast för att komplettera nuvarande förfarande. Franchisegivarna nämnde även önskemål om en forum funktion vilket WAC kan tillgodose. Det framkom även att e-learning endast kan vara ett komplement eftersom det endast var en av kunskapstyperna som var aktuell att förmedla med hjälp av e-learning, franchisegivarna påpekade även att det var viktigt att mötas fysiskt och socialisera. Vår rekommendation till franchisegivare är att införa en WBT lösning med kompletterande WAC funktioner i form av ett chattrum eller ett forum. Det finns ett behov och ett intresse bland franchisegivare att använda e-learning. / Education and exchange of experience within franchise is a key factor for a successful business and are also legally regulated. Therefore franchisors try to improve their educa-tion and exchange of experience. The question is if education and the exchange if information can be improved by the use of e-learning. The purpose of this thesis is to investigate the possibility to complement education and exchange of experience with e-learning. Further to present an recommendation of the most suitable e-learningplatform. To fulfil the purpose we have chosen to investigate and describe how education and exchange of experience occur today and what type of knowledge that is transferred and if there is any interest of implementing e-learning to complement these activities. By conducting qualitative interviews with six franchisors within the retail trade business we will answer those questions. To analyze the interviews we have used the Addiemodell which is a proved model to investigate which type of knowledge that are teached and which e-learning platform that are most suitable. Based on the interviews all franchisors have an interest in complementing their education of new franchisees by e-learning. The education do not differ that much from company to company, their way of conducting education are quite similar. The most suitable solution is Web Based Training (WBT) with a focus on cognitive skills that are memorisable. It is very evident that e-learning just can be a complement since it is very important to meet and to interact directly and it is for that reason some knowledge can not be transferred electronically. All franchisors are interested in complementing their exchange of experience by using e-learning. The ways experience is exchanged are quite the same if you compare the compa-nies and all franchisors communicate knowledge that is suitable for e-learning purposes. The most suitable solution is Web Asynchronous Classroom (WAC) that focuses on com-municating cognitive skills which is evaluating and analyzing activities. A WAC solution supports a chat room or forum which is suitable for exchange of experience. All franchi-sors mentioned the importance of meeting face to face when exchanging knowledge and experience, but they also mentioned that e-learning will improve these activities as a complement. Our recommendation is to implement a WBT solution combined with WAC functions such as chat rooms and forum. There is a need and interest among franchisors to use e-learning.

Au cours des dernières années, les villes du Monde Arabe assistent à une propagation de centres commerciaux. Parallèlement et à partir des années quatre vingt dix, période de la reconstruction du Liban suite à la guerre libanaise, le paysage commercial de Beyrouth a subi de profondes mutations avec l’introduction de la grande distribution internationale et la multiplication des franchises nationales et internationales éparpillées dans la ville et ses extensions. Là, le phénomène n’est pas nouveau au Liban, mais l’ampleur qu’il prend actuellement et sa généralisation à tout l’espace de l’agglomération beyrouthine, en modifie le paysage commercial. De nouvelles structures commerciales côtoient les structures existantes. Ainsi, la géographie commerciale devient de plus en plus multiforme et complexe, surtout avec l’émergence actuelle d’importants complexes commerciaux de grande échelle et d’une nouvelle typologie. Le commerce de proximité est bousculé et remis en cause par l’avènement de la grande distribution surtout alimentaire au Liban. La problématique émerge de ces mutations qui s’opèrent autour des centres commerciaux constituant des pôles d’attraction surtout, en l’absence de planification urbaine prévoyant leur implantation et la politique d’encouragement aux investissements pour les projets de construction et de reconstruction adoptée par le gouvernement libanais suite à la guerre libanaise. Face à cette situation, ce phénomène nous incite à s’interroger sur les mutations du commerce, leur rayonnement spatial, économique et social, leurs causes et leurs effets sur l’environnement urbain. Quelles sont les logiques qui sont derrière ces mutations ? Quelle est leur portée sur le commerce existant et le commerce nouveau ? La problématique émerge des transformations qui se manifestent dans le paysage commercial et sera traitée à travers les différentes logiques, spatiale, économique, sociale, …, urbaine qui les sous-tendent, se questionnant sur leur dimensions dans chaque type de commerce et la portée du « grand » commerce sur « le petit ». / Over the past years, the cities of the Arab world attended a spread of shopping centers. At the same time and from the year 1990, period of the reconstruction of Lebanon after the Lebanese war, the commercial landscape of Beirut has undergone profound changes with the introduction of the large international distribution and the multiplication of national and international franchises scattered throughout the city and its extensions. Here, the phenomenon is not new to the Lebanon, but the extent that it is currently taking and its generalization to any space of the agglomeration of Beyrouth, alter the business landscape. New commercial structures coexist with existing structures. Thus, the commercial geography becomes increasingly multifaceted and complex, especially with the current emergence of major commercial complexes of large scale and new typology. Trade in proximity is jostled and challenged by the advent of the great especially food distribution in Lebanon. The problem emerges from these mutations occur around shopping malls constituting poles of attraction especially, in the absence of urban planning for their implementation and the policy of encouraging investment for the projects of construction and reconstruction adopted by the Lebanese Government after the Lebanese war. Given this situation, this phenomenon prompts us to wonder about the mutations of the trade, their spatial, economic and social influence their causes and their effects on the urban environment. What are the logics that are behind these mutations? What is their scope on the existing trade and new trade? The problem emerges from the transformations that occur in the commercial landscape and will be processed through the different logical, spatial, economic, social,..., urban that underlie them, questioning their dimensions in each type of trade and the scope of the "large" trade and the “small” ( Le “grand” et le “petit” commerce).

The following case study aims to explore the knowledge transfer and its implications in the context of a soft service firm. The complexity of knowledge itself and the knowledge transfer process in service firms brings new challenges. The phenomenon was investigated by the application of grounded theory. Interviews were conducted with employees at a company present in the Quick Service Restaurant segment. It resulted in several findings that were not reported by previous literature. Firstly, within the case company there was multiple formal networks that circulate separately, except for interconnections through the restaurant managers. Within the organization personal relationships proved to be the most important factor for knowledge sharing. Secondly, within a large franchise network, an actor might take the role of knowledge creator due to its size and influence the other franchises in the network. Thirdly, knowledge transfer, implementation and innovation are hindered when work environment is characterized by stress and high pressure to perform. Fourthly, communication improves operation efficiency and employee motivation. This study provides navigations to future research and can be used as guidance in regard to knowledge transfer for practitioners, managers or other interested.

Les relations de distribution sont soumises à différentes contraintes juridiques. Ces contraintes relèvent plus spécialement du droit des contrats et du droit de la concurrence. D'autres matières juridiques, tel le droit du travail ou encore le droit des sociétés, peuvent être concernées. La technique contractuelle permet de répondre et satisfaire à ces contraintes. L'expérience européenne, et en particulier française, a permis de révéler des formules contractuelles identifiables ; il s'agit du contrat de franchise, de concession, de distribution agréée ou sélective et également des contrats de regroupement entre distributeurs. Ces formes particulières d'accords de distribution s'agrègent à des formules plus générales, tel la vente, le mandat, la commission ainsi qu'à des techniques contractuelles tel le contrat-cadre. L'objet de la thèse est d'apprécier la transposition de ces formules de contrats et techniques contractuelles en droit tunisien. L'étude des règles régissant les contrats de la distribution et les rapports entre les différents intervenants, permettra de systématiser un droit de la distribution en Tunisie. / The distribution relationships are subject to various legal obligations and regulations. These obligations rise mainly from contract law and competition law. However, other legal subject matters, such as labor law or corporate law could be involved. The contractual technique allows to meet these obligations. The European experience and more particularly the French one, have allowed to reveal identifiable contractual methods, mostly related to franchising agreements, concession agreements, approved or selective distribution agreements, and consolidation agreements between distributors. These specific distribution agreements aggregates with more general methods such as the sale deeds, the mandates, the commissions in addition to contractual techniques as the master agreement. The subject matter of this thesis is to estimate the transposition of these contractual methods and techniques in Tunisian law. The study and analysis of the rules governing distribution agreements and relationship between the different intervening parties, shall allow to systematize and set standards for distribution law in Tunisia.

This diploma thesis is focused on a franchising business establishment, particularly on the business establishment of a fictive coffe house which could become a well known franchising concept on the Czech market. Primary advantage of franchise compared to the other types of business cooperation is mainly risk reduction for the investor (franchisee) who obtains proven model of the business. For the franchisor the franchise means an easier way how to widen his business without taking higher lability. The main reason for choosing this topic is an attractivity of this field. Correct preparation and serving of a cup of coffee is not an easy process and there is not a big number of coffee houses and restaurants which can offer such a coffee. By offering high-quality and delicious coffee at user acceptable price our company would like to achieve its objectives and be a successful. The primary objective of this diploma thesis is to analyse and define strategy, mission, vision, marketing activities, product strategy and price policy of a new coffee house. These factors should be used for successful enter to the market. Secondary objective is to determine necessary initial capital, planned costs analysis and investment rate of return.

[pt] A temática Estratégia vem sendo há muito debatida intensamente, tanto no meio acadêmico quanto empresarial. Empresas buscam cada vez mais estratégias diferenciadoras que lhes permitam construir um posicionamento competitivo distintivo que maximize seu desempenho. Contudo, o que se observa é que uma capacidade superior de execução da estratégia, que permita um forte alinhamento entre a intenção descrita no plano e as atividades e estruturas organizacionais, passa cada vez mais a assumir um espaço destacado na agenda estratégica das organizações. Perante este desafio, observa-se a existência de múltiplas barreiras a uma execução bem sucedida. Também se observam dimensões críticas bem como modelos de execução que alinhem elementos estruturais, comportamentais, de governança, funcionais e operacionais visando traduzir a estratégia em resultados. Este estudo teve como objetivo aprofundar o entendimento de quais são os fatores facilitadores e quais são os fatores dificultadores para a execução do plano estratégico, especificamente no contexto de empresas organizadas em sistemas de franquia. A estratégia de pesquisa foi baseada em estudos de múltiplos casos realizados em dois sistemas de franquia envolvendo cinco empresas: (a) sistema de franquias de bebidas não alcoólicas envolvendo uma franqueadora multinacional de grande porte, uma franqueada multinacional de grande porte e uma franqueada nacional de médio porte; (b) sistema de franquias de restaurantes envolvendo uma franqueadora nacional de grande porte e uma franqueada nacional de pequeno porte. Para tal utilizou-se análise documental e entrevistas em profundidade tanto com líderes quanto com gerentes das organizações. Os discursos foram analisados e categorizados de acordo com o objetivo do estudo, evidenciando aspectos que se apresentam mais intensamente para sistemas de franquia em seus desafios de execução da estratégia. / [en] The thematic strategy has long been debated extensively, both in academia and business. Companies are increasingly looking for differential strategies that allow a distinctive competitive positioning to maximize their performance. However, what is observed is that a superior ability to implement the strategy, which allows a strong alignment between the intent described in the plan and the activities and organizational structures, is increasingly assuming a prominent place in the strategic agenda of organizations. Faced with this challenge, we observe the existence of multiple barriers to successful implementation. It also notes critical dimensions and execution models that align structural elements, behavioral, governance, operational and functional in order to translate the strategy into results. This study aimed to deepen the understanding of what factors are facilitators and what are limiting the implementation of the strategic plan, specifically in the context of companies organized as franchise systems. The research strategy was based on multiple case studies conducted in two franchise systems involving five companies: (a) first a franchise system of non-alcoholic beverages involving a large multinational franchisor, a large multinational franchisee and a medium size national franchisee, (b) second a fast-food franchise system involving a national medium size franchisor and one small size national franchisee. For this research purpose we have used document analysis and interviews with both leaders and managers of the mentioned organizations. The reports were analyzed and categorized under the study objective, clear features that appear harder to franchise systems in their challenges of strategy execution.

Este trabalho consiste em um estudo realizado com franqueadores e masterfranqueados, e foca o sistema de avaliação aplicado em unidades franqueadas no Brasil. Por meio de um questionário auto-administrado, 63 franqueadores forneceram informações sobre o processo de avaliação realizado. Descreveram-se e se consideraram os sistemas de avaliação dos franqueadores em relação aos modelos teóricos. Encontraram-se evidências de a complexidade do processo de avaliação relacionar-se à definição de objetivos para os franqueados e de seu acompanhamento pelos franqueadores. Além disso, a análise dos dados revelou que não há clareza para uma parcela dos franqueadores sobre como realizar as avaliações, dentro de um processo de parceria. Além disso, verificaram-se os aspectos que mais facilitam e mais dificultam essas avaliações, bem como a influência de características como o tamanho da rede, a forma de remuneração do franqueador (royalty ou taxa fixa) e a idade da rede, no sistema de avaliação. / This study was conducted with franchisors and master-franchisees focusing performance measurement system applied at franchisee units. Through a survey research, 63 franchisors provided information about the evaluation process carried out. The franchisors performance measurement systems were described and considered in comparison to theoretical models. Data analysis indicates that evaluation process complexity is associated with franchisees objectives definition and its development following by the franchisors. Besides this, the results suggest that the evaluation process in a partnership relation is not clear for some of the franchisors. This research has determined the aspects which make the evaluation easier or more difficult, as well as the influence of size, remuneration form, and age in this process.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:23:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Karen Cristina Moron Betti Mendes.pdf: 1134236 bytes, checksum: 86dd87a0f2aa20027de923c4728f860a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08-26 / The object of study of this work is to present the institutional arbitration as a dynamic and harmonic alternative for the settlement of disputes in dealings relating to contracts of franchises. Justifying this work, with ballast in that, given the dynamics of the relationship in the business world, the internationalization of trade, the agility and speed with which such relations are given, especially in the segment of franchising, there are at least three identifiable assumptions plan, that need to be preserved in the case of solving work in franchising: the expertise of the judge in the matter; the rapid solution of the conflict and the maintenance of good business relationship after the conflict solved, what you get in line of identity, to apply the arbitration as an effective method in this intention. By the way, will be analyzed in this work both institutes, first separately, and after, in their points of confluence, as well as bringing to the fore the controversial aspects that may arise in this relationship of mutualism, which in the course of the study are dissolved, through security keys presented to get the effectiveness and validity of the application of the method do not state, duly harmonized to the franchise, and, finally, suggesting legislative amendment to the law of franchises to guarantee the effective use and valid arbitration in the segment of franchises. / O objetivo do presente estudo é apresentar a arbitragem institucional como uma alternativa dinâmica e harmônica para a solução de controvérsias nas relações negociais relativas aos contratos de franquias. Justifica-se este trabalho com lastro em que, dada a dinâmica das relações no mundo dos negócios, a internacionalização do comércio, a agilidade e a velocidade com que se dão tais relações, notadamente no segmento de franquias, há pelo menos três premissas identificáveis de plano que precisam ser preservadas em se tratando de solucionar lides na franchising: a especialização do julgador na matéria, a rapidez na solução do conflito e a manutenção da boa relação comercial depois de solucionado o conflito, o que se obtém em linha de identidade, ao se aplicar a arbitragem como método eficaz nesse intento. Para tanto, serão aqui analisados ambos os institutos, tanto da arbitragem quanto da franquia, primeiro em separado e, após, em seus pontos de confluência, bem como trazendo à tona os aspectos polêmicos que poderão surgir nessa relação de mutualismo, os quais são dissolvidos no decorrer do estudo, por meio de chaves de segurança apresentadas para que se obtenham a eficácia e a validade da aplicação do método não estatal, devidamente harmonizado à franquia, e, por fim, sugerindo alteração legislativa à Lei de Franquia para garantia da utilização eficaz e válida da arbitragem no segmento de franquiasa

This paper unpacks the franchise system and the often-tumultuous relationship between Producers and Consumers, especially around the release of new films by the Producers. Star Wars represents far more than just a corporate product. There is a thriving ecosystem around pieces that have touched fans lives personally. The reaction of fans to new media texts in existing franchises is in constant flux. Tumultuous emotions of betrayal come in waves from fans immediately following the release of new content. Specifically focusing on reception to prequel films, Episode 1: The Phantom Menace (1999) and Solo: A Star Wars Story (2018), reveals how both generational differences and technology affect fan interaction and reaction across iterations of the franchise. Fans attempt to remediate the differences in cannon and their own interpretations of the franchise through fan creation. Fans have historically been early embracers of new technologies and have used increasingly available editing software and cameras to express their passion for the franchise. A digital world has created ever expanding platforms of interactivity in which Producers/Consumers can reach one another. The spaces in which these interactions occur have evolved from personal fan websites to social media sites. The amount of online information available to consumers, from reviews to fan content, has diminished the power of official franchise content. The release of Solo revealed a dangerous level of apathy from consumers. As opposed to the fervor surrounding powerful media texts at the time of The Phantom Menace, the diversified media landscape has undoubtedly affected Star Wars.