Some may assume that it is essential to purchase and install antivirus software to protect the underlying layers of an IT infrastructure. However, nowadays the Windows 10 operating system is shipped with a built-in antivirus feature by default. With Microsoft being a large contender in the antivirus market it raises the question if it is necessary to use third-party antivirus software in a Windows 10 environment.   The aim of this research is to determine the necessity of third-party antivirus software by examining the detection capabilities and measuring the performance impact caused by third-party antivirus software, in comparison with the antivirus service that is integrated with the Windows 10 operating system. This was done by measuring the response time of certain user activities to determine how the user-experience is affected differently by using third-party antivirus software. In addition to the effect on performance, the documentation of the tested products was studied to determine if there is value in using non-integrated antivirus software.   The results of the performance benchmarks showed that overall there was a significant performance increase when using third-party antivirus. Additionally, the study showed that some third-party antivirus software offers more ways to detect malicious activities than Windows Defender Antivirus. These two facts put together suggests that using third-party antivirus software in a Windows 10 environment is necessary if there is a desire to increase the efficiency of performing certain user activities and if there is a desire to have more detection capabilities available.

Les systèmes à libération prolongée de principe actif constituent un enjeu thérapeutique dans le domaine pharmaceutique et vétérinaire. Ces systèmes présentent différents avantages comme une réduction de la fréquence d’administration permettant une meilleure observance du traitement ainsi qu’un apport optimisé de la dose thérapeutique. Des systèmes à base de principe actif hydrophobe, de polymère et de composé hydrosoluble, ont été élaborés selon différents procédés et ont été caractérisés. Les relations structure/fonctionnalité des différents systèmes ont été mises en évidences grâce à différentes techniques comme la spectroscopie Raman. Les structures, les mécanismes et le temps de libération de l’actif diffèrent selon la nature du polymère, la formulation et la technique de mise en forme. Ce travail fournit des éléments de compréhension et des outils méthodologiques utiles pour le développement de nouvelles formes galéniques à base de polymères biocompatibles, modulables en termes de taille, de temps de libération et de cible thérapeutique. / Controlled release systems are a therapeutic challenge in the pharmaceutical and veterinary. These systems give advantages such as reduced frequency of administration for better observance and an optimized intake of the therapeutic dose. Systems based on hydrophobic active ingredient, polymer and water soluble compound, have been developed by various methods and have been characterized. The structure / functionality have been put into evidence through various techniques such as Raman spectroscopy. The structures, mechanisms and the release time depending on the type of polymer, formulation and shaping technique. This work provides elements of understanding and useful methodological tools for the development of new formulations based on polymeric matrix system, flexible in terms of size, time of liberation and therapeutic target.

The objective of this thesis is to propose new functionality of job search website which would better reflect the customers' needs than current job search websites. It focuses on the job applicant segment to improve and simplify the whole process of searching for a relevant job offer and also to take in account the real users' requirements on the system. At first an introduction to the field of Human Resource Information Systems will take place together with its relationship to the job search website systems. Next step is to analyze and compare five Czech job search websites to find out and describe their functionality in detail. Results of the comparison will be presented in the form of SWOT analysis and will serve as a main source of questions in the users' survey in the following step. The purpose of the survey is to verify the results of the analysis and also to confirm potential users' interest in the newly proposed functions for the job search website. The results of the analysis, together with the survey results, make up for a basic source of information to be used in the process of designing new functionality to improve the current job search website systems and thus completing the main objective.

Este estudo avalia a qualidade de vida de sujeitos acometidos por tumores musculoesqueléticos de membros inferiores, submetidos a cirurgias de ressecção, com salvamento de membro ou amputação. A casuística foi composta por 56 sujeitos, avaliados no período de 14 meses (agosto de 2011 a setembro de 2012), que foram divididos em três grupos: 1- 12 amputados; 2- 16 em pós-operatório de salvamento do membro (colocação de endoprótese ou reconstrução biológica); 3- sujeitos saudáveis (sem diagnóstico de câncer), selecionados entre a população em geral, de forma pareada com os outros grupos, segundo sexo, idade, escolaridade e condição socioeconômica. Além do Critério de Classificação Econômica Brasil (2010), foram aplicados dois protocolos de avaliação, um de qualidade de vida (Medical Outcomes Study 36 - Item Short-Form Health Survey - SF-36) e o outro de capacidade funcional (Toronto Extremity Salvage Score - TESS), ambos adaptados culturalmente e validados no Brasil. Os dados foram estatisticamente analisados, conforme preconizado por cada protocolo. Os resultados indicaram que ambos os tipos de abordagem cirúrgica (amputação ou reconstrução) produziram prejuízos na capacidade funcional e na qualidade de vida dos sujeitos acometidos por tumores musculoesqueléticos, quando comparados à população saudável. Diferentemente do que apontaram outros trabalhos internacionais com casuística semelhante, os sujeitos submetidos a amputações apresentaram resultados melhores relacionados à sua capacidade funcional e à qualidade de vida, na maioria dos domínios do SF36 e com relevância estatística (p=0,001) no escore final do TESS, do que aqueles submetidos a técnicas de salvamento de membro. Por fim, é importante analisar a percepção dos sujeitos sobre sua funcionalidade e qualidade de vida, de modo a encontrar caminhos mais adequados no processo de reabilitação desta população. / This study appraises the quality of life of individuals with musculoskeletal tumors in lower extremities, undergoing resection surgeries with extremity salvage or amputation. The casuistry was composed by 56 subjects assessed in the course of 14 months (from August, 2001 to September, 2012), who were divided into 3 groups: 1- 12 amputated; 2- 16 in postsurgical extremity salvage (endoprosthesis implant or biological reconstruction); 3- healthy subjects (without cancer diagnosis), selected from the whole population, paired off with other groups, according to sex, age, schooling and socioeconomic status. Besides the Critério de Classificação Econômica Brasil (2010), two assessment protocols were applied, one about quality of life (Medical Outcomes Study 36 - Item Short-Form Health Survey - SF-36), and the other one about functional capacity (Toronto Extremity Salvage Score - TESS), both culturally adapted and validated in Brazil. The data were statistically analyzed according to what each protocol proclaims. The results revealed that both surgical approach types (amputation or reconstruction) caused harm to the functional capacity and to the quality of life of the subjects suffering from musculoskeletal tumors, when compared to the healthy population. Unlike what other international papers with similar casuistry have shown, the subjects undergoing amputation presented better results related to their functional capacity and quality of life, in the majority of the domains of SF36, with statistical relevance (p=0.001), than those submitted to the techniques of extremity salvage. Finally, it is important to analyze the subjects\' perception on their functionality and quality of life in order to discover the most suitable ways in the process of rehabilitating this population.

Introdução: A cirrose é uma hepatopatia crônica e progressiva que constitui um estágio irreversível ou lentamente reversível de disfunção hepática, caracterizada pela formação de nódulos de fibrose no tecido hepático. Investigações devem ser realizadas para avaliar essa população a fim de que se tenha um diagnóstico mais preciso dos efeitos da doença sobre a função cardiopulmonar, a funcionalidade e a qualidade de vida desses indivíduos. Objetivo: Investigar a influência da cirrose hepática pelo vírus da hepatite C (VHC) no consumo máximo de oxigênio (VO2max.), a capacidade funcional e a qualidade de vida em indivíduos cirróticos. Materiais e métodos: Foram avaliados 36 indivíduos(18 cirróticos e 18 controles) de ambos os sexos, maiores de 18 anos. Foram avaliados e comparados entre os grupos, o consumo máximo de oxigênio através da ergoespirometria em bicicleta, a capacidade funcional pelo teste de caminhada de seis minutos e pelo time up and go test, a força do aperto de mão, a antropometria e a qualidade de vida. Foram feitas correlações em pacientes cirróticos, entre a força do aperto de mão e o VO2max e o TC6, o VO2max e o teste de caminhada de 6 minutos e a qualidade de vida e o TC6. Resultados: Os grupos doença e controle foram pareados pelo sexo e pela idade, não havendo diferença significativa entre os grupos quanto à idade e o sexo. Não foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre cirróticos e controles quanto ao Time Up And Go Test. Quanto ao Teste de Caminhada de Seis Minutos a distância percorrida foi significativamente menor nos cirróticos em comparação aos controles. Não houve diferença entre os grupos para a distância percorrida predita para cirróticos e controles. Não foi encontrada diferença para a força do aperto de mão (HGS) entre cirróticos e controles. Não foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre os grupos para avaliação antropométrica em nenhum dos itens que a contemplam. Na avaliação da qualidade de vida foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre os grupos para todos os seus domínios. O consumo máximo de oxigênio VO2max apresentou valores inferiores no grupo doença. Houveram correlações em pacientes cirróticos entre a capacidade funcional e o VO2max. e a qualidade de vida. Conclusão: Foram encontradas diferenças entre cirróticos e controles quanto ao VO2max., a capacidade funcional e a qualidade de vida. As correlações encontradas nesse estudo devem ser exploradas em novas pesquisas envolvendo esses pacientes. / Introduction: Cirrhosis is a chronic progressive liver disease is a slowly reversible or irreversible stage of liver dysfunction, characterized by the formation of nodules of fibrosis in liver tissue. investigations should be performed to evaluate this population so that it has a more accurate diagnosis of disease effects on cardiopulmonary function, functionality, and quality of life of these individuals. Objective: To investigate the influence of liver cirrhosis due to hepatitis C virus (HCV) on maximal oxygen consumption (VO2máx.), functional capacity and quality of life in individuals with cirrhosis. Materials and methods: We evaluated 36 patients (18 cirrhotic patients and 18 controls) of both sexes, aged 18 years. Were evaluated and compared between groups, the maximal oxygen uptake by cardiopulmonary exercise test on bicycle, on functional capacity by testing six-minute walk and the time up and go test, the strength of the handgrip, anthropometry and quality of life. Correlations were in cirrhotic patients, between the strength of the handshake and VO2max and 6MWT, VO2max test and 6-minute walk and the quality of life and 6MWT. Results: The disease and control groups were matched by sex and age, no significant difference between groups with respect to age and sex. No significant differences were found between cirrhotic patients and controls regarding Time Up And Go Test. How to Walk Test Six Minutes distance traveled was significantly lower in cirrhotic patients compared to controls. There was no difference between groups for the distance predicted for cirrhotic patients and controls. No difference was found for the strength of the handgrip (HGS) between cirrhotic patients and controls. No significant differences were found between groups in anthropometric assessment in any of the items that come. In assessing the quality of life were significant differences between groups for all domains. The maximal oxygen consumption VO2max values were lower in the disease group. There were correlations in cirrhotic patients between functional capacity and VO2max. and quality of life. Conclusion: We found differences between cirrhotic patients and controls regarding VO2max., Functional capacity and quality of life. The correlations found in this study should be explored in further studies involving these patients.

This thesis explores a novel technique for transceiver design in future wireless systems, which is cloud radio access networks (CRANs) with single radio frequency (RF) chain antennas at each remote radio head (RRH). This thesis seeks to make three contributions. Firstly, it proposes a novel algorithm to solve the oscillatory/unstable behaviour of electronically steerable parasitic array radiators (ESPAR) when it provides multi-antenna functionality with a single RF chain. This thesis formulates an optimization problem and derives closed-form expressions when calculating the configuration of an ESPAR antenna (EA) for arbitrary signals transmission. This results in simplified processing at the transmitter. The results illustrate that the EA transmitter, when utilizing novel closed-form expressions, shows significant improvement over the performance of the EA transmitter without any pre-processing. It performs at nearly the same symbol error rate (SER) as standard multiple antenna systems. Secondly, this thesis illustrates how a practical peak power constraint can be put into an EA transceiver design. In an EA, all the antenna elements are fed centrally by a single power amplifier. This makes it more probable that during use, the power amplifier reaches maximum power during transmission. Considering limited power availability, this thesis proposes a new algorithm to achieve stable signal transmission. Thirdly, this thesis shows that an energy efficiency (EE) optimization problem can be formulated and solved in CRANs that deploy single RF chain antennas at RRHs. The closed-form expressions of the precoder and power allocation schemes to transmit desired signals are obtained to maximise EE for both single-user and multi-user systems. The results show that the CRANs with single RF chain antennas provide superior EE performance compared to the standard multiple antenna based systems.

Estudo quantitativo transversal cujo objetivo geral foi correlacionar o nível de atividade física e as variáveis sociodemográficas e clínicas, qualidade de vida em saúde, funcionamento global, adesão aos tratamentos e síndrome metabólica de pessoas que vivenciam o primeiro episódio psicótico. O estudo foi realizado no ambulatório de Primeiro Episódio Psicótico do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo. A amostra por conveniência foi constituída por 85 pacientes que atenderam aos critérios de inclusão e exclusão preestabelecidos. Para a coleta de dados foram utilizados um formulário contendo dados sociodemográficos e clínicos, o Questionário Internacional de Atividade Física (IPAQ), o Medical Outcomes Study 36 - Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36), a Escala de Avaliação Global do Funcionamento (AGF) e a Medida de Adesão aos Tratamentos (MAT). Os valores dos exames laboratoriais foram obtidos por meio de consulta aos prontuários dos pacientes, e as medidas de circunferência abdominal e pressão arterial, pelo pesquisador no referido ambulatório. A avaliação do funcionamento global foi realizada pela equipe médica do serviço, em 2016. Os dados foram organizados em planilhas eletrônicas do Excel, transportados para o programa Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) e, em seguida, submetidos, primeiramente, a uma análise bivariada e, posteriormente, aos testes Qui-quadrado de Pearson, U de Mann Whitney e teste de correlação de Pearson. Adotou-se nível de significância de 0,05. Os resultados obtidos permitem concluir que a maioria dos participantes era do sexo masculino, vivia sem companheiro, tinha média de idade de 32 anos e quase a metade cursou até o segundo grau completo. Quanto ao nível de atividade física classificado pelo IPAQ, a maioria foi classificada como ativa. Os resultados obtidos pela aplicação da MAT evidenciam que a maior parte dos pacientes do referido ambulatório aderiu aos tratamentos. Em relação à síndrome metabólica, 21 (25,3%) apresentavam essa patologia. Quanto aos domínios referentes à qualidade de vida em saúde, obteve-se média para o domínio capacidade funcional de 83,90 (dp=19,9); limitação por aspectos físicos de 62,1 (dp=41,1); dor, 74,3 (dp=30,8); estado geral de saúde, 69,4 (dp=23,1); vitalidade, 58,4 (dp=23,5); aspectos sociais, 66,6 (dp=32,5); limitações por aspectos emocionais, 51,0 (dp=43,5); e saúde mental, 63,9 (dp=25,2). A média de funcionamento global foi de 66,3. Não houve associação significante entre os níveis de atividade física e as variáveis sociodemográficas, síndrome metabólica, adesão aos tratamentos, diagnóstico médico, opção terapêutica e uso de substâncias. Os pacientes classificados como ativos apresentaram maiores médias em relação ao funcionamento global quando comparados àqueles sedentários e essa diferença foi significante (p=0,011). Quanto aos domínios do questionário sobre qualidade de vida em saúde - SF-36, os pacientes classificados como ativos apresentaram maiores médias para o domínio capacidade funcional em relação aos sedentários, e essa diferença foi significante (p=0,016). Esses resultados fornecem subsídios importantes para o planejamento de ações que incluam a atividade física na prática assistencial em saúde mental / This was a quantitative cross-sectional study whose general goal was to correlate the level of physical activity and sociodemographic and clinical variables, health quality of life, overall functioning, adherence to treatments and metabolic syndrome of pleope who experience the first psychotic episode. The study was carried out at the of First Episode Psychosis of the Clinical Hospital of the Medical School of Ribeirão Preto at the University of São Paulo. The convenience sample consisted of 85 patients who met the pre-established inclusion and exclusion criteria. For data collection, forms containing sociodemographic and clinical data were used, their names being: International Questionnaire of Physical Activity (IPAQ), The Medical Outcomes Study 36 - Short Form Health Survey (SF-36), Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF), and Treatment Compliance Measure (MAT). The values of the laboratory tests were obtained by the researcher of the said outpatient clinic, who consulted the patient\'s chart, the measurements of waist circumference and blood pressure. The evaluation of overall functioning was done by the service medical team, in 2016. The collected data was organized in Excel spreadsheets and transported to the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) program and then submitted to bivariate analysis, and then to Pearson\'s Chi-square test, Mann Whitney U test and Pearson\'s correlation test. The level of significance was set at 0.05. The results obtained led to the conclusion that most of the 85 participants were male, lived without a partner, the average age was 32 and almost half of the participants had only completed high school. As for the physical activity level classified by IPAQ, most of PEP participants were classified as active. The results obtained through MAT application showed that the majority of PEP patients adhered to the treatments. Regarding the metabolic syndrome, 21 (25.3%) of PEP patients presented the pathology. As for the domains of life quality in terms of health, the research concluded that the functional capacity domain average was 83.90 (SD = 19.9); Limitation by physical aspects, 62.1 (SD = 41.1); Pain, 74.3 (dp = 30.8); General health status, 69.4 (SD = 23.1); Vitality, 58.4 (dp = 23.5); Social aspects, 66.6 (SD = 32.5); Limitations for emotional aspects, 51.0 (SD = 43.5) and mental health, 63.9 (SD = 25.2). The overall operating average was 66.3. There was no significant association between physical activity levels and sociodemographic variables, metabolic syndrome, adherence to treatments, medical diagnosis, therapeutic option and substance usage. PEP patients classified as active had higher mean values in relation to the overall functioning when compared to sedentary patients, and this difference was significant (p = 0.011). Regarding the domains of the questionnaire about quality of life in terms of health (SF-36), patients classified as active had higher mean values for the functional capacity domain in relation to sedentary patients, and the difference was significant (p = 0.016). These results provide important subsidies for the planning of actions that include physical activity in the practice of mental health care

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This thesis is a pilot study, designed to test and develop methods suitable for the study of Scandinavian flint spearhead functionality. The functionality of projectile and lithic point armament has not been studied for almost 30 years in Scandinavia. Meanwhile, methods used to analyse lithic projectiles have developed considerably. However, few of these methods are precise enough to be used in conjunction with Scandinavian stone technological analyses that emphasize the societal aspect of lithic points. Consequently, two methods were chosen that could provide data for Scandinavian research issues: 3D-scanning/continuum mechanical simulations and organic residue analysis. The methods were tested on 6 experimental spearheads. The continuum mechanical simulation generated both visual and numerical data that could be used to create precise functional-morphological descriptions. The data could also potentially be used for projectile point classification. The organic residue analysis revealed promising results for the use of an artefact and activity specific analysis, with a sequential extraction protocol. In unison, the results from both analyses could be used to reveal how spearheads were functionally designed and used in Stone Age Scandinavia, even though there are methodological and technological issues that need solving.

Les biopiles enzymatiques miniatures représentent un potentiel important pour la future génération de dispositifs médicaux implantables, utilisés pour le diagnostic, le pronostic et le traitement. Ces derniers fonctionnent actuellement avec des sources d'énergie externes. Ces biopiles utilisant les molécules présentes dans les fluides biologiques sont des dispositifs médicaux prometteurs. Le glucose, qui est abondamment disponible dans le corps, est à l’étude comme biocarburant permettant de produire de l’énergie. Les enzymes utilisées pour produire l'énergie à partir des produits biochimiques sont immobilisées sur des électrodes en or par des médiateurs redox. Cependant, la faible puissance actuellement disponible et la sensibilité des enzymes à l'environnement limitent leur application in vivo. Malgré des recherches intensives, de nombreux problèmes restent à résoudre, notamment l'amélioration de la puissance, de la stabilité et de la biocompatibilité des biopiles.La réaction à corps étranger et l'isolement du dispositif médical par la formation d'une capsule fibreuse peuvent d'une part dénaturer les enzymes et, d'autre part, entraver la diffusion des analytes et de l'oxygène. Le travail décrit dans cette thèse vise à protéger les biopiles fonctionnant à base de glucose. Afin de résoudre les problèmes mentionnés ci-dessus, les hydrogels, actuellement développés pour diverses applications telles que l'administration de médicaments, l'ingénierie tissulaire et les dispositifs médicaux, offrent des propriétés prometteuses en tant que matériaux de revêtement.La première partie de la thèse est centrée sur l'évaluation de différents hydrogels injectables de faible poids moléculaire, en analysant à la fois la gélification in vitro et in vivo, la cinétique de dégradation, la réaction à corps étranger et l'angiogenèse. Les hydrogels présentent une dégradation lente et une intégration tissulaire optimale. Une angiogenèse accrue a été observée en raison de la libération d'une molécule pro-angiogénique pendant la dégradation de l'hydrogel.Dans la seconde partie de la thèse, l'un des hydrogels étudiés a été utilisé pour recouvrir l'électrode en or : le choix de l'enzyme a été basé sur des études de stabilité in vitro. En parallèle, le processus de revêtement a été optimisé, à la fois pour son uniformité et son épaisseur. Même si un revêtement plus épais présente l’avantage de protéger l’électrode contre la réaction à corps étranger, il est nécessaire de limiter l’épaisseur afin de maintenir une diffusion efficace des analytes et de l’oxygène.Les expériences en cours décrites dans la dernière partie de la thèse sont axées sur l'optimisation de l'implantation chez le rat et la mesure de l'activité des biopiles. De plus, les électrodes ont été connectées à une antenne pour établir une communication sans fil ; en effet, cela permettrait une mesure non invasive de l'activité enzymatique.En conclusion, ces travaux ont permis d'identifier un hydrogel pouvant être utilisé pour revêtir les électrodes de biopiles. Le sous-produit libéré lors de la biodégradation favorise l'angiogenèse au voisinage du matériau. Grâce à ce revêtement, on peut donc s'attendre à un échange accru d'analytes et d'oxygène, préalable indispensable à l'activité enzymatique. / Miniature enzymatic biofuel cells hold great potential to power the future generation of implantable medical devices, which are currently working on external power sources used for diagnosis, prognosis and treatment. Enzymatic biofuel cells appear to be promising in harvesting the energy from biochemicals present in physiological body fluids. Glucose, which is abundantly available in the body, is being explored as a biofuel to harvest energy. The enzymes employed to harvest the energy from the biochemicals are electrically wired on gold electrodes by redox mediators. However, the limitation of insufficient power, and the sensitivity of the enzymes towards host environment restrict their in vivo application. Despite several attempts, numerous challenges remain to be addressed such as improved current density, increased stability, and biocompatibility of enzymatic biofuel cells.Foreign body reaction and isolation of the medical device by formation of a fibrous capsule may firstly denature the enzymes, and secondly hinder the diffusion of analytes and oxygen. The work described in this thesis aims at protecting glucose based biofuel cells. As a strategy for combatting the bottlenecks mentioned above, hydrogels, currently developed for various applications such as drug delivery, tissue engineering, and medical device, offer promising properties as coating materials.The first part of the thesis is focused on evaluating different low molecular weight injectable hydrogels by analysing both in vitro and in vivo gel formation, degradation kinetics, foreign body reaction and angiogenesis. The hydrogels exhibit slow degradation, and optimal tissue integration. Enhanced angiogenesis was observed due to a pro-angiogenic molecule released during hydrogel degradation.In the second part of the thesis, one of the studied hydrogels was used to coat the gold electrode functionalised with enzyme: the selection of the enzyme was based on in vitro stability studies. In parallel, the process of coating was optimised, both for uniformity and thickness. Although a thicker coating should protect the electrode against foreign body reaction, it was necessary to limit the thickness in order to maintain an efficient analyte and oxygen diffusion.Ongoing experiments described in the last part of the thesis are focused on the optimisation of implantation in rat and measurement of the biofuel cell activity. In addition, the electrodes were connected to an antenna for wireless communication; indeed, such a device would allow for a non-invasive measurement of enzyme activity.To conclude, this work allowed for the identification of a hydrogel that can be used to coat the electrodes of biofuel cells. The byproduct released during the biodegradation favours angiogenesis in the vicinity of the material. Thanks to this coating, we can therefore expect an enhanced exchange of analytes and oxygen, which is a prerequisite for enzyme activity.