This thesis explores the increasing medicalization of society, the process whereby social phenomenon are transformed into medical problems. Alike the general tendency of neuropsychiatric diagnoses, the number of people with ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) has increased and expanded from a boys’ diagnosis to include both adult men and women. Studies on the latter category is however scarce. The objective of the thesis is to contribute with a micro sociological and critical perspective on the effects of the biomedicalization process, by focusing women's experience of getting and living with ADHD. The empirical material consists of narrative interviews with sixteen women, diagnosed with ADHD in adulthood. The participants, age 20 to 50, were enrolled via Swedish NGOs in 2010 and 2013. The thesis resides on four analytical themes: biomedicalization, pharmaceuticalizaton, functionality and gender. It shows how diagnostics evokes processes that involve learning and using a biomedical terminology to describe and understand oneself. ADHD is, in general, depicted as diffuse, expansionary, masculine and deviant sociability and cognitivity. Unlike depression and anxiety, described as temporary and unwanted illnesses, the ADHD-diagnosis embraces the whole personality. Hence, the women find it difficult to identifying and separating ADHD from the self. Furthermore, categorizations of oneself as a ‘woman with ADHD’ imply constructions of individual and collective identity that has ideological implications, i.e. the individual narratives are related to grand narratives. These contradictory grand narratives bring about ideological dilemmas that are handled rhetorically in the women's everyday life. The masculine connotation of ADHD, for example, render the women experiencing themselves as transgressing not only femininity but also ADHD-personhood. Additionally, as social actions are attributed to the ‘ADHD brain’, the brain is portrayed as a pathological deviant and dysfunctional object for pharmaceutical intervention. Nevertheless, this discourse is also contested by the women by pointing to 1) positive aspects of the ‘ADHD-brain’ in everyday life, or 2) gender inequalities and demands of the late-modern society. Concluding, the women in this study are not only victims of their bodies or societal norms, but also agents negotiating – adapting and opposing to – expectations of how to be an ideal citizen or woman.

Conservation and management of the ecology of natural areas has become a prerequisite for mining companies in South Africa. Systematic conservation planning provides a useful tool for land–use planning and impact assessment, particularly in the mining industry. A study was therefore undertaken to provide sufficient, spatially explicit biodiversity and veld condition information to aid in the development and establishment of an official conservation plan for the leased mining area of Impala Platinum. By identifying areas with high plant diversity or endemism and by assessing veld conditions as well as grazing and browsing capacities, recommendations could be made towards management strategies and potential future land–use practices. The licensed mining area, north of Rustenburg, covers 29334 ha and includes 14 operational shafts. The area was stratified into three main categories based on landscape types namely: norite koppies; thornveld and rehabilitated areas. The Braun Blanquet approach was followed to sample 139 stratified random relevés. Additional computer software packages were used for capturing, processing and presentation of the phytosociological data (TURBOVEG) as well as a visual editor for phytosociological tables (MEGATAB). Ordinations were subsequently performed to confirm the plant communities and illustrate possible environmental gradients, using multivariate statistic analyses (CANOCO). Four plant communities with two subcommunities were identified and described in both the norite koppies and thornveld respectively while three plant communities with three sub–communities were identified in the rehabilitated areas. Specific environmental factors that influence plant community structure and composition in the norite koppies were the aspect and percentage of soil surface rockiness while soil types proved to be the distinguishing factor in the thornveld. The distribution of plant communities in the rehabilitated areas is mainly due to anthropogenic influences rather than any environmental factors. The Fixed Point Monitoring of Vegetation Methodology– FIXMOVE was then used to sample 32 stratified random survey plots in four selected plant communities in order to quantify and compare veld conditions as well as grazing and browsing capacities. The determination of landscape functionality served to support these quantitative results. The Landscape Function Analysis (LFA) method was used for this purpose. Multivariate statistic analyses (CANOCO) were used to indicate possible degradation gradients between the plant communities. Conclusions regarding conservation and management units were reached by interpreting the quantitative data in accordance with the phytosociological results and recommendations could then be made. All the norite koppies plant communities were recommended as areas for The Fixed Point Monitoring of Vegetation Methodology– FIXMOVE was then used to sample 32 stratified random survey plots in four selected plant communities in order to quantify and compare veld conditions as well as grazing and browsing capacities. The determination of landscape functionality served to support these quantitative results. The Landscape Function Analysis (LFA) method was used for this purpose. Multivariate statistic analyses (CANOCO) were used to indicate possible degradation gradients between the plant communities. Conclusions regarding conservation and management units were reached by interpreting the quantitative data in accordance with the phytosociological results and recommendations could then be made. All the norite koppies plant communities were recommended as areas for ii conservation because of unique and high biodiversity and anthropogenic threats. The Eragrostis rigidior–Ziziphus mucronata and Acacia caffra–Bothriochloa insculpta Communities in the thornveld showed the best potential for browsing and grazing practices but were also recommended for conservation because of their high species diversity and anthropogenic threats. The high landscape functionality, veld condition and grazing capacity of the Aristida bipartita–Bothriochloa insculpta Community indicated that the rehabilitation of the opencast mining areas had been relatively successful at the time of the surveys. Selected parts of the Indigofera heterotricha–Aristida bipartita Community were also recommended for conservation and management in the form of controlled and more effective grazing strategies were recommended for the rest of the thornveld. / Thesis (M. Environmental Science)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.

The study focuses on the use of information systems in the Heavy Engineering industry in South Africa and the decision to make, buy or rent information systems. Special focus was placed on the factors that influence the decision to make, buy or rent information systems. It is undeniable that changes in the competitive environment, such as technological advances and globalisation, are driving organisations toward new ways of operating. In striving to become flexible, lean, and more competitive, organisations have been increasingly swift to externalise support service functions. Every organisation must adapt to the current economic environment, the technology available in its industry and consider the risk and rewards within the industry framework. Organisations should carefully analyse the impact of their decisions, especially in consideration of the extent to which organisational competencies and competitive advantage could be affected. An extensive literature study was conducted on the factors that influence the decision to make, buy or rent. The literature study portrays the ideal state or methodologies for acquiring information systems and the best practices used in evaluating the best option for the organisation. The literature indicated the criteria for evaluating the decision to make, buy or rent information systems are the business need, in–house experience, project skills, project management and the time frame. These criteria can be broken down into the factors that have an influence on the decision, competitive advantage, security, skills, expertise, available resources, cost, time, implementation, support, maintenance, performance, quality, documentation, vendor issues, size of organisation, expected annual transactions, software control, functionality, productivity and increased turnover. Calculating the benefit that can be achieved from information systems must also include measures to incorporate the total benefit, not only the financial benefit. The balance scorecard approach measures the total return accompanying an investment in information systems, broken down into four sections, the financial perspective that measures the tangible outcomes, the customer perspective that measures customer value (quality, delivery and skill), the internal process perspective that measures the internal processes that add value and have the greatest impact on strategy and finally the learning and growth perspective that measures the intangible assets which focuses on human capital. Information systems form part of the corporate strategy, competitive positioning and must be aligned with the overall strategy of the organisation. A survey was done to determine the opinions about the different options managers/organisations have to consider when seeking to fulfil organisational requirements for information systems. Methodological issues as well as considerations with regard to gathering the data were discussed. A questionnaire was designed to collect data to obtain the information needed to solve the research problem. The internal consistency of the questionnaire was tested and it was found that a moderate to high level of consistency exists. The survey results were then presented in frequency tables and were analysed using descriptive statistics as well as inferring possible trends or conclusions based on relationships between certain responses on specific related questions and referring to the literature study. A framework was compiled from the literature study and empirical study that can be used for the purpose of decision–making in the make, buy or renting of information systems in the heavy engineering environment in South Africa. Benefits from purchasing software from a vendor include competitive advantage, available resources, implementation of the system, support to the system, system performance, documentation and training, and business functionality. Benefits from open source offerings include the size of the organisation and the number of expected annual transactions by the organisation. Benefits from SaaS (Software as a service) include competitive advantage, expertise, system performance and business functionality. Benefits from the outsourcing of development and other IT functions include competitive advantage, security, skills, available resources, implementation of the system, support to the system, system performance, documentation and training, business functionality and technical functionality. Benefits from developing in–house all or part of the effort include competitive advantage, security, skills, expertise, available resources, time, implementation of the system, support to the system, maintenance and upgrades, system performance, quality, documentation and training, business functionality, technical functionality, productivity improvements and increased turnover. Overall the linkage between the literature study and the empirical study concludes / Thesis (MBA)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012.

Conservation and management of the ecology of natural areas has become a prerequisite for mining companies in South Africa. Systematic conservation planning provides a useful tool for land–use planning and impact assessment, particularly in the mining industry. A study was therefore undertaken to provide sufficient, spatially explicit biodiversity and veld condition information to aid in the development and establishment of an official conservation plan for the leased mining area of Impala Platinum. By identifying areas with high plant diversity or endemism and by assessing veld conditions as well as grazing and browsing capacities, recommendations could be made towards management strategies and potential future land–use practices. The licensed mining area, north of Rustenburg, covers 29334 ha and includes 14 operational shafts. The area was stratified into three main categories based on landscape types namely: norite koppies; thornveld and rehabilitated areas. The Braun Blanquet approach was followed to sample 139 stratified random relevés. Additional computer software packages were used for capturing, processing and presentation of the phytosociological data (TURBOVEG) as well as a visual editor for phytosociological tables (MEGATAB). Ordinations were subsequently performed to confirm the plant communities and illustrate possible environmental gradients, using multivariate statistic analyses (CANOCO). Four plant communities with two subcommunities were identified and described in both the norite koppies and thornveld respectively while three plant communities with three sub–communities were identified in the rehabilitated areas. Specific environmental factors that influence plant community structure and composition in the norite koppies were the aspect and percentage of soil surface rockiness while soil types proved to be the distinguishing factor in the thornveld. The distribution of plant communities in the rehabilitated areas is mainly due to anthropogenic influences rather than any environmental factors. The Fixed Point Monitoring of Vegetation Methodology– FIXMOVE was then used to sample 32 stratified random survey plots in four selected plant communities in order to quantify and compare veld conditions as well as grazing and browsing capacities. The determination of landscape functionality served to support these quantitative results. The Landscape Function Analysis (LFA) method was used for this purpose. Multivariate statistic analyses (CANOCO) were used to indicate possible degradation gradients between the plant communities. Conclusions regarding conservation and management units were reached by interpreting the quantitative data in accordance with the phytosociological results and recommendations could then be made. All the norite koppies plant communities were recommended as areas for The Fixed Point Monitoring of Vegetation Methodology– FIXMOVE was then used to sample 32 stratified random survey plots in four selected plant communities in order to quantify and compare veld conditions as well as grazing and browsing capacities. The determination of landscape functionality served to support these quantitative results. The Landscape Function Analysis (LFA) method was used for this purpose. Multivariate statistic analyses (CANOCO) were used to indicate possible degradation gradients between the plant communities. Conclusions regarding conservation and management units were reached by interpreting the quantitative data in accordance with the phytosociological results and recommendations could then be made. All the norite koppies plant communities were recommended as areas for ii conservation because of unique and high biodiversity and anthropogenic threats. The Eragrostis rigidior–Ziziphus mucronata and Acacia caffra–Bothriochloa insculpta Communities in the thornveld showed the best potential for browsing and grazing practices but were also recommended for conservation because of their high species diversity and anthropogenic threats. The high landscape functionality, veld condition and grazing capacity of the Aristida bipartita–Bothriochloa insculpta Community indicated that the rehabilitation of the opencast mining areas had been relatively successful at the time of the surveys. Selected parts of the Indigofera heterotricha–Aristida bipartita Community were also recommended for conservation and management in the form of controlled and more effective grazing strategies were recommended for the rest of the thornveld. / Thesis (M. Environmental Science)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.

The study focuses on the use of information systems in the Heavy Engineering industry in South Africa and the decision to make, buy or rent information systems. Special focus was placed on the factors that influence the decision to make, buy or rent information systems. It is undeniable that changes in the competitive environment, such as technological advances and globalisation, are driving organisations toward new ways of operating. In striving to become flexible, lean, and more competitive, organisations have been increasingly swift to externalise support service functions. Every organisation must adapt to the current economic environment, the technology available in its industry and consider the risk and rewards within the industry framework. Organisations should carefully analyse the impact of their decisions, especially in consideration of the extent to which organisational competencies and competitive advantage could be affected. An extensive literature study was conducted on the factors that influence the decision to make, buy or rent. The literature study portrays the ideal state or methodologies for acquiring information systems and the best practices used in evaluating the best option for the organisation. The literature indicated the criteria for evaluating the decision to make, buy or rent information systems are the business need, in–house experience, project skills, project management and the time frame. These criteria can be broken down into the factors that have an influence on the decision, competitive advantage, security, skills, expertise, available resources, cost, time, implementation, support, maintenance, performance, quality, documentation, vendor issues, size of organisation, expected annual transactions, software control, functionality, productivity and increased turnover. Calculating the benefit that can be achieved from information systems must also include measures to incorporate the total benefit, not only the financial benefit. The balance scorecard approach measures the total return accompanying an investment in information systems, broken down into four sections, the financial perspective that measures the tangible outcomes, the customer perspective that measures customer value (quality, delivery and skill), the internal process perspective that measures the internal processes that add value and have the greatest impact on strategy and finally the learning and growth perspective that measures the intangible assets which focuses on human capital. Information systems form part of the corporate strategy, competitive positioning and must be aligned with the overall strategy of the organisation. A survey was done to determine the opinions about the different options managers/organisations have to consider when seeking to fulfil organisational requirements for information systems. Methodological issues as well as considerations with regard to gathering the data were discussed. A questionnaire was designed to collect data to obtain the information needed to solve the research problem. The internal consistency of the questionnaire was tested and it was found that a moderate to high level of consistency exists. The survey results were then presented in frequency tables and were analysed using descriptive statistics as well as inferring possible trends or conclusions based on relationships between certain responses on specific related questions and referring to the literature study. A framework was compiled from the literature study and empirical study that can be used for the purpose of decision–making in the make, buy or renting of information systems in the heavy engineering environment in South Africa. Benefits from purchasing software from a vendor include competitive advantage, available resources, implementation of the system, support to the system, system performance, documentation and training, and business functionality. Benefits from open source offerings include the size of the organisation and the number of expected annual transactions by the organisation. Benefits from SaaS (Software as a service) include competitive advantage, expertise, system performance and business functionality. Benefits from the outsourcing of development and other IT functions include competitive advantage, security, skills, available resources, implementation of the system, support to the system, system performance, documentation and training, business functionality and technical functionality. Benefits from developing in–house all or part of the effort include competitive advantage, security, skills, expertise, available resources, time, implementation of the system, support to the system, maintenance and upgrades, system performance, quality, documentation and training, business functionality, technical functionality, productivity improvements and increased turnover. Overall the linkage between the literature study and the empirical study concludes / Thesis (MBA)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012.

Funkcionalumo kokybė interaktyviame interneto žemėlapio naudojimo procese yra kritiškai svarbi, nes būtent nuo funkcionalumo priklauso ir per jį išreiškiamos naudotojo galimybės: peržiūros, analizės ar visapusiško žemėlapio elementų valdymo. Darbe pristatoma sukurta originali metodologija, kuri leidžia kompleksiškai kiekybiškai įvertinti įvairių tipų bei sudėtingumo interaktyvių interneto žemėlapių funkcionalumo kokybę atsižvelgiant į naudotojų poreikius. Metodologija sudaryta apjungiant naudotojų patirčių, ekspertų nuomonių bei šiuo metu žinomų pavyzdinių interneto žemėlapių funkcijų tyrimų rezultatus į kompleksinę, plečiamą, kaupiamąją funkcionalumo vertinimo kriterijų ir rodiklių sistemą. Sukurta originali interneto programa CartoUI (www.cartoui.com) realizuojanti šią metodologiją praktikoje ir teikianti priemones tyrimų rezultatams analizuoti. Programa išbandyta praktiškai verifikuojant metodologiją. CartoUI programa pasiekiama viešai ir gali būti panaudota interaktyvių interneto žemėlapių funkcionalumo tyrimams vykdyti bei naudotojų poreikiams analizuoti. Darbe taip pat pristatomos detalios rekomendacijos skirtingo tipo ir skirtingoms naudotojų grupėms skirtiems interaktyviems interneto žemėlapiams kurti. Rekomendacijos suformuotos pritaikius sukurtą metodologiją ir atlikus praktinį tyrimą su konkrečia naudotojų grupe naudojant CartoUI programą. / The quality of performed functions is crucially important in the process of use of interactive Internet maps. Functionality determines and describes the capabilities provided to the user: e.g., viewing, analysis or integral management of map elements. The dissertation presents original methodology that allows for integral quantitative evaluation the quality of implementation of functions of Internet maps of various types and complexity. The users‘ needs are taken into account. The methodology is based on the results of three investigations: user experiences, expert opinions and actual functions of existing interactive maps. All these aspects are combined into one complex, cumulative and flexible system of criteria and indices for qualimetric assessment of quality of implemented map functions. Original Internet based CartoUI software (www.cartoui.com) has been developed for practical implementation and verification of this methodology. The software also provides tools for analysis of information collected during particular research or for selected time span. CartoUI is available for everyone to use it for investigation into functionality of interactive Internet maps and for analysis of users‘ needs. The dissertation also provides detailed practical recommendations for development of diverse interactive internet maps tailored for different user groups. The recommendations are based on research on particular users‘ needs clarified by means of CartoUI.

The quality of performed functions is crucially important in the process of use of interactive Internet maps. Functionality determines and describes the capabilities provided to the user: e.g., viewing, analysis or integral management of map elements. The dissertation presents original methodology that allows for integral quantitative evaluation the quality of implementation of functions of Internet maps of various types and complexity. The users‘ needs are taken into account. The methodology is based on the results of three investigations: user experiences, expert opinions and actual functions of existing interactive maps. All these aspects are combined into one complex, cumulative and flexible system of criteria and indices for qualimetric assessment of quality of implemented map functions. Original Internet based CartoUI software (www.cartoui.com) has been developed for practical implementation and verification of this methodology. The software also provides tools for analysis of information collected during particular research or for selected time span. CartoUI is available for everyone to use it for investigation into functionality of interactive Internet maps and for analysis of users‘ needs. The dissertation also provides detailed practical recommendations for development of diverse interactive internet maps tailored for different user groups. The recommendations are based on research on particular users‘ needs clarified by means of CartoUI. / Funkcionalumo kokybė interaktyviame interneto žemėlapio naudojimo procese yra kritiškai svarbi, nes būtent nuo funkcionalumo priklauso ir per jį išreiškiamos naudotojo galimybės: peržiūros, analizės ar visapusiško žemėlapio elementų valdymo. Darbe pristatoma sukurta originali metodologija, kuri leidžia kompleksiškai kiekybiškai įvertinti įvairių tipų bei sudėtingumo interaktyvių interneto žemėlapių funkcionalumo kokybę atsižvelgiant į naudotojų poreikius. Metodologija sudaryta apjungiant naudotojų patirčių, ekspertų nuomonių bei šiuo metu žinomų pavyzdinių interneto žemėlapių funkcijų tyrimų rezultatus į kompleksinę, plečiamą, kaupiamąją funkcionalumo vertinimo kriterijų ir rodiklių sistemą. Sukurta originali interneto programa CartoUI (www.cartoui.com) realizuojanti šią metodologiją praktikoje ir teikianti priemones tyrimų rezultatams analizuoti. Programa išbandyta praktiškai verifikuojant metodologiją. CartoUI programa pasiekiama viešai ir gali būti panaudota interaktyvių interneto žemėlapių funkcionalumo tyrimams vykdyti bei naudotojų poreikiams analizuoti. Darbe taip pat pristatomos detalios rekomendacijos skirtingo tipo ir skirtingoms naudotojų grupėms skirtiems interaktyviems interneto žemėlapiams kurti. Rekomendacijos suformuotos pritaikius sukurtą metodologiją ir atlikus praktinį tyrimą su konkrečia naudotojų grupe naudojant CartoUI programą.

L’épidémiologie et les facteurs de risque des gliomes diffus de bas grade (GDBG, ou gliomes diffus de grade II OMS) sont à ce jour mal connus. Ce travail de thèse s’est intéressé à décrire les caractéristiques épidémiologiques (taux d’incidence, données démographiques) et à rechercher, dans la littérature et par nos travaux, des arguments en faveur de facteurs de risque environnementaux, fonctionnels et moléculaires. Epidémiologie descriptive : l’analyse d’une série exhaustive de cas incidents de GDBG diagnostiqués entre 2006 et 2011, à l’échelle nationale, a permis de déterminer l’incidence des GDBG dans leur ensemble (incidence standardisée sur la population française : 0,775/105 personnes-années) et pour chacun de leurs sous-types histologiques définis par la classification 2007 de l’OMS. Facteurs de risque environnementaux : nous avons pu mettre en évidence des différences significatives dans la distribution géographique des gliomes diffus de grade II et III OMS en France métropolitaine, avec une incidence plus élevée dans le Nord-Est et le centre de la France. Cette hétérogénéité semble en faveur de facteurs de risque environnementaux, même s’il n’existe à ce jour aucun facteur de risque environnemental démontré dans les GDBG. Facteurs de risque biologiques : notre travail a permis de démontrer l’existence d’une dichotomie sur le plan moléculaire entre les GDBG de topographie frontale, plus fréquemment mutés IDH et codélétés 1p19q, et les GDBG temporo-insulaires, moins fréquemment mutés IDH et codélétés 1p19q, suggérant des voies de gliomagénèse différentes pour ces deux patterns tumoraux. Facteurs de risque fonctionnels : enfin, comme le montrent les données de la littérature, il existe deux arguments principaux en faveur de facteurs de risque fonctionnels dans les GDBG. D’une part, ces tumeurs présentent des localisations intracérébrales spécifiques et distinctes des autres gliomes, et impliquent préférentiellement les zones dites « fonctionnelles ». D’autre part, des modifications macroscopiques cérébrales ont été rapportées en lien avec l’apprentissage d’une tâche ou une expertise particulière. Les mécanismes microscopiques qui sous-tendent ces modifications sont encore incertains mais une implication (directe ou indirecte) des cellules gliales, semble probable, ce qui pourrait faire le lit de la gliomagénèse. Peu d’études se sont intéressées jusqu’à présent aux corrélations entre les activités du sujet et le risque de GDBG, et nous proposons donc, dans les suites de ce travail de thèse, une étude cas-témoins en ce sens. En conclusion, même s’il n’existe à ce jour aucun facteur de risque démontré de GDBG, certains éléments bibliographiques, et les travaux de cette thèse, suggèrent l’implication de facteurs environnementaux, fonctionnels et biologiques dans la genèse des GDBG. / The epidemiology and risks factors of diffuse low-grade gliomas (DLGG, or WHO grade II diffuse gliomas) are yet poorly known. This thesis aimed at describing the epidemiology (incidence rates, demographic data) and at looking for arguments in favor of environmental, functional and molecular risk factors, in the literature and by our works. Descriptive epidemiology: The analysis of an exhaustive series of incident cases of DLGG diagnosed between 2006 and 2011 allowed the determination of DLGG incidence (incidence rate standardized on the French population: 0,775/105 person-years) as well as that of each histological subtype described by the 2007 WHO classification. Environmental risk factors: We were able to demonstrate significant differences in the geographical distribution of WHO grade II and III diffuse gliomas in metropolitan France, with higher incidence rates in the North-East and Center regions. This heterogeneity stands in favor of environmental risk factors, even though there is to date no proven environmental risk factor for DLGG. Biological risk factors: Our work demonstrated the existence of a clear dichotomy, regarding molecular biology, between frontal DLGG, more frequently IDH-mutated and 1p19q codeleted, and temporo-insular tumors, less frequently IDH-mutated and 1p19q codeleted, suggesting different gliomagenesis pathways for these two patterns of tumors. Functional risk factors: Finally, data from the literature provide two main arguments in favor of the existence of functional risk factors in DLGG. First, the intra-cerebral location of these tumors is specific and distinct from that of other gliomas, with a preferential implication of “functional” areas. Second, macroscopic intra-cerebral changes have been reported following training on specific tasks, or in relation with a specific expertise. The microscopic mechanisms that underlie these modifications are uncertain but an implication (direct or indirect) of glial cells seems probable, and could favor gliomagenesis. To date, only few studies have investigated the correlation between the subject’s activity and the risk of DLGG. We thus propose, following this thesis, a case-control study to further investigate this issue. In conclusion, even though there is no demonstrated risk factor for DLGG, data from the literature, and conclusions from the present work, suggest the implication of environmental, functional and biological factors in DLGG genesis.

?rea de concentra??o: Aspectos f?sico-funcionais e reabilita??o. / Submitted by Jos? Henrique Henrique (jose.neves@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2018-10-29T20:42:51Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) kaio_cesar_pinhal.pdf: 2523263 bytes, checksum: 1b6ff2e9b6897955304c8b0b2a3cd96b (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2018-11-10T11:42:50Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) kaio_cesar_pinhal.pdf: 2523263 bytes, checksum: 1b6ff2e9b6897955304c8b0b2a3cd96b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-10T11:42:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) kaio_cesar_pinhal.pdf: 2523263 bytes, checksum: 1b6ff2e9b6897955304c8b0b2a3cd96b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018 / As mudan?as observadas no perfil de morbimortalidade da popula??o refletem no aumento do n?mero de casos de doen?as cr?nicas n?o transmiss?veis (DCNT). Devido a sua magnitude, ? importante focalizar o debate sobre a epidemia das DCNT no contexto do Diabetes Mellitus (DM). A evolu??o do DM ? marcada pelo surgimento de complica??es e agravos, como tamb?m por um comprometimento da capacidade funcional do indiv?duo. Em 2001, a OMS cria a Classifica??o Internacional de Funcionalidade, Incapacidade e Sa?de (CIF), introduzindo um novo paradigma para se pensar e trabalhar a defici?ncia e a incapacidade. Os dom?nios da CIF s?o descritos com base na perspectiva do corpo, do indiv?duo e da sociedade, sendo divididos estruturalmente em duas partes: funcionalidade/incapacidade e fatores contextuais. A funcionalidade/incapacidade divide-se em dois componentes: estruturas e fun??es do corpo e atividades e participa??o. Os fatores contextuais abrangem os fatores pessoais e os fatores ambientais. Mesmo com a publica??o de pesquisas recentes, estudos que utilizam a CIF de maneira quantitativa ainda s?o escassos. O impacto dos fatores contextuais sobre a atividade e participa??o em indiv?duos om DM e an?lises longitudinais envolvendo os dom?nios da CIF tamb?m carecem de reflex?es mais aprofundadas. Entender a evolu??o das consequ?ncias funcionais do DM ao longo do tempo ? fundamental, n?o s? por compreender os seus determinantes, mas por permitir a??es preventivas antes do surgimento de agravos, al?m de contribuir para a elabora??o de interven??es com vistas a desenvolver mudan?as no autocuidado, qualidade de vida e mobilidade em indiv?duos com DM, aumentando tamb?m o conhecimento e aceita??o sobre a doen?a e incentivando a busca por h?bitos mais saud?veis. Sendo assim, o objetivo geral desse estudo foi realizar uma avalia??o funcional tr?s anos ap?s a linha de base em indiv?duos com Diabetes Mellitus acompanhados nas unidades b?sicas de sa?de do munic?pio de Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brasil. / Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Reabilita??o e Desempenho Funcional, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2018. / The observed changes in the morbidity and mortality profile of the population reflect the increase in the number of cases of chronic non-communicable diseases (CNCD). Due to its magnitude, it is important to focus the debate on the CNCD epidemic in the context of Diabetes Mellitus (DM). The DM evolution is marked by the appearance of complications and injuries, as well as by a functional capacity compromise of the individual. In 2000, the World Health Organization (WHO) created the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF), introducing a new paradigm for thinking and working on disability. The domains of the ICF are described based on the perspective of the body, the subject and the society, being divided structurally in two parts: functionality/disability and contextual factors. Functionality/disability is divided into two components: structures and functions of the body and activities and participation. Contextual factors encompass personal factors and environmental factors. Even with the publication of recent research, studies that use the ICF quantitatively are still scarce. The impact of the contextual factors on the activity and participation in individuals with DM and longitudinal analyzes involving the domains of the ICF also need to be further investigated. Understanding the evolution of DM functional consequences over time is fundamental not only because it understands its determinants, but also because it allows for preventive actions before the diseases onset, besides contributing to the elaboration of interventions to develop changes in self-care, quality of life and mobility in individuals with DM, also increasing knowledge and acceptance about the disease and encouraging the search for healthier habits. Therefore, the general objective of this study was to perform a functional evaluation three years after the baseline in individuals with DM accompanied at the basic health units of the Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil.

This dissertation seeks to capture Muhammad's emergence as Prophet. It starts from the premise that he located himself as a Prophet within a fraternity of prophethood. More specifically he has seen his work as a continuation of the Biblical prophetic tradition. However he has stressed his election as correcting what has been altered in this Biblical tradition. Muhammad: A prophet of God argues that he has as prophet the same defining elements as Biblical prophets; as result we must not criticise him unnecessarily, that is, for the sake of fitting him into our categories. Muhammad must be seen terms of his experiences. In addition we must capture his contribution to humanity. / Religious Studies and Arabic / M.A. (Religious Studies)