Diese neu ins Leben gerufene Schriftenreihe widmet sich einer sehr aktuellen Thematik der Technischen Informatik, den eingebetteten, selbstorganisierenden Systemen (ESS). Seit Jahren durchdringen eingebettete Systeme unseren Alltag in fast allen Lebensbereichen. Angefangen von automatisierten Türöffnungssystemen, über komplex gesteuerte Servicemaschinen, z.B. Waschmaschinen, bis hin zu mobilen, persönlich zugeordneten Systemen wie Mobiltelefone und Handheld-Computer sind eingebettete Systeme zu Selbstverständlichkeit geworden. Neue Anforderungen durch den Kunden, der in immer kürzeren Zeitintervallen Neuerungen erwartet und steigende Festkosten für die Einrichtung einer Produktlinie haben einen neuen Aspekt in den Entwurf und Betrieb eingebetteter Systeme gebracht: Selbstorganisation. Einzelaspekte der Selbstorganisation können Selbstdiagnose, Selbsttest, Selbstheilung oder auch statische sowie dynamische Rekonfigurierung von Systemen sein. Dabei sind die Aspekte der Funktionalität und der Kommunikation zu unterscheiden. Beide haben großen Einfluss auf die Performanz und Stabilität eines eingebetteten Systems. Im Bereich der Kommunikation sind die Schnittstellen, die Komponenten des eingebetteten Systems verbinden, von besonderem Interesse. / This newly launched book series addresses a very current subject of computer engineering, embedded selforganising systems (ESS). For years, embedded systems permeate our everyday lives in almost all areas of life. Ranging from automated door opening systems through complex controlled service machines, e.g. Washing machines, to mobile, personally associated systems such as mobile phones and handheld computers, embedded systems have become for granted. New requirements by the customer, who expected changes in shorter time intervals and rising fixed costs of setting up a product line have brought a new aspect in the design and operation of embedded systems: selforganisation. Individual aspects of selforganisation may be self-diagnosis, self-test, self-healing or static as well as dynamic reconfiguration of systems. The aspects of the functionality of communication are distinguished. Both have great influence on the performance and reliability of an embedded system. In the field of the communication interfaces of the embedded system are of particular interest.

Ett stort hot mot biologisk mångfald är urbaniseringen, då utbyggnad av städer leder till attplatser som tidigare utgjort viktiga habitat ersätts av hårdgjorda ytor, byggnader och mänskligaktivitet. Det finns ett nytt tankesätt inom stadsplanering, nämligen förtätning. Förtätningenpåverkar den biologiska mångfalden negativt eftersom arternas naturliga migration försvårasav byggnader och hårdgjorda ytor. Följden av det blir att ekosystemen i urbana miljöer blirsvagare och att ekosystemtjänster som luftrening, pollinering och dagvattenhantering uteblir.Biodiversiteten i urbana miljöer är viktig för människorna i staden som gynnas avhälsofördelar och för att artsammansättningen i staden bidrar till ett starkt och hållbartekosystem. Syftet med den här studien är att undersöka den biologiska mångfalden med hjälpav bioindikatorer, i form av träd och fåglar, i Varvsparken i Västra Hamnen och iStrandparken i Limhamn. Den biologiska mångfalden i parkerna har analyserats med χ²Goodness of fit, Shannon Wiener index och en tabell med bedömningskriterier för enekologiskt funktionell biodiversitet. Vid bedömningen av parkerna utifrån tabellen framkomdet att Varvsparken har en högre variation av vegetation i form av buskar, kullar, träd, högagräspartier och variation i planteringar än Strandparken. I Strandparken visade inventeringenatt det fanns gräsmatta med sporadiska inslag av blommande vårlökar, gamla träd och buskarsamt inslag av fortplantningshjälp i form av fågelholkar. Resultatet av χ² testen visade att detfanns en statistiskt signifikant skillnad mellan antalet träd och fåglar som observerades iparkerna. I Shannon Wiener index beräkningen visade att Strandparken hade en högrediversitet av fåglar och nordiska träd än Varvsparken, men att Varvsparken hade en högrediversitet vid jämförande av både nordiska och exotiska träd än Strandparken. Vår studievisar att förhållandet mellan urbana grönområden, biodiversitet och människors välmående ärviktigt för att få en hållbar och levande stadsmiljö. / Urbanization is a major threat to biodiversity as the expansion of cities leads to places thatpreviously constituted important habitats being replaced by hard-made surfaces, buildingsand human activity. The new way of thinking in urban planning is called densification.Densification negatively affects biodiversity because the natural migration of species ishindered by buildings and hard-built surfaces. The aftermath shows that ecosystems in urbanenvironments become weaker and the ecosystem services such as air purification, pollinationand stormwater management gets compromised. Biodiversity in urban environments isimportant both for people in the city via health benefits, but also because the composition ofspecies in the city contributes to a strong and sustainable ecosystem. The purpose of thisstudy is to investigate the biodiversity using bioindicators, in form of trees and birds, in twoparks: Varvsparken, Västra Hamnen and in Strandparken, Limhamn. The biological diversityin the parks has been analyzed with χ² Goodness of fit, the Shannon Wiener index and a tablewith qualitative criteria for an ecologically functional biodiversity. When assessing the parkswith the table, it emerged that Varvsparken has a higher variety of vegetation thanStrandparken. The result of the χ² tests showed that there was a statistically significantdifference between the number of trees and birds observed in the parks. The Shannon Wienerindex showed that Strandparken had a higher diversity of birds and native trees thanVarvsparken, but that Varvsparken had a higher diversity when comparing both native andexotic trees. Our study shows the relationship between urban green areas, biodiversity andpeople's well-being is important in order to have a sustainable and thriving urbanenvironment.

The aim of this study was to explore if users of a Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS) could benefit from User Onboarding elements and Embedded User Assistance (EUA) to discover and learn about new functionality within the system. Five sub-questions, related to perceived intrusiveness, intuitiveness, helpfulness and persuasion, as well as the need to guide users to nested functionality, were explored as well to help answer the research question. Through a combined Research through Design and Case Study approach the study resulted in a design process with four phases; Exploration, Concepting, Prototyping and Evaluation. After initial exploration and assessments, one concept was implemented in an interactive Figma prototype of the PACS. This prototype was tested and evaluated by users as well as an expert group using the Cognitive Walkthrough method. Overall positive feedback about the usefulness and intuitiveness of the suggested design proposal was found. The results suggest that implementing onboarding elements, such as highlighting features and interactive tooltips, could be a good approach to offer EUA in a PACS to help users discover and learn about new functionality. Further elaboration of the results, important considerations and suggestions regarding future implementation in a live system is discussed in greater detail in the report.

The purpose of this study was to examine how a web application can be designed with focus on different appeal and functionality features to increase trust. This was examined through the development of a peer-to-peer car renting web application. When developing a web application, an important aspect is to meet the needs and demands of the users. Therefore, understanding why and how users develop trust for a web application by implementing different features is crucial. Because of this, four different versions were implemented where either functionality, appeal or both were high or low. The versions were referred to as "low functionality and low appeal", "high functionality and high appeal", "high functionality and low appeal" and lastly "low functionality and high appeal". For each version, eight different test subjects were given tasks to perform on the web application while using the Think Aloud Procedure. Afterwards they were asked to fill out ananonymous survey where they rated different statements evaluating functionality and appeal according to the Likert scale. The results implied that both functionality and appeal are important factors regarding users trust for a web application. Furthermore, the results implied that the appeal of a web application had greater impact on the test subjects experienced trust than the functionality. Lastly, this study can provide recommendations for future web developers to create a trustworthy and user-friendly web applications that both attracts and retains users. / Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka hur en webbapplikation kan designas med fokus på olika attraktiva och funktionella funktioner för att öka förtroendet. Detta undersöktes genom utvecklingen av en biluthyrningswebbapplikation. När man utvecklar en webbapplikation är en av de viktiga aspekterna att möta användarnas behov och krav. Därför är det avgörande att förstå varför och hur användare utvecklar förtroende för en webbapplikation genom att implementera olika funktioner. För detta syfte utvecklades fyra olika versioner där antingen funktionalitet, attraktivitet eller båda var höga eller låga. Versionerna benämndes "låg funktionalitet och låg attraktivitet", "hög funktionalitet och hög attraktivitet", "hög funktionalitet och låg attraktivitet" och slutligen "låg funktionalitet och hög attraktivitet". För varje version fick åtta olika testpersoner utföra uppgifter på webbapplikationen medan de använde Think Aloud-proceduren. Därefter ombeddes de att fylla i en anonym undersökning där de betygsatte olika uttalanden som utvärderade funktionalitet och attraktivitet enligt Likert-skalan. Resultaten antydde att både funktionalitet och attraktivitet är viktiga faktorer när det gäller användarnas förtroende för en webbapplikation. Dessutom antydde resultaten att webbapplikationens attraktivitet hade större påverkan på testpersonernas upplevda förtroende än funktionaliteten. Slutligen kan denna studie ge rekommendationer till framtida webbutvecklare för att skapa tillförlitliga och användarvänliga webbapplikationer som både attraherar och behåller användare.

Exploring the use of currant pomace in foods is favourable due to its nutritional profile but also for economic and sustainability aspects. This by-product of fruit juice processing contains in addition to the dominating dietary fibre fraction considerable amounts of fat, protein, and polyphenols that are lost when the pomace is disposed of. Regardless of the intended use, the perishable material must be dried immediately or alternatively preserved. Three processing strategies (A, B, C) with different energy input and impact were outlined and related applications were implemented. The minimal (A) and intensive scenario (B) were examined comprehensively, whereas the complex processing (C) was considered only theoretically. For a prospective use in low-cost products (A), whole dry pomace was ground using various technologies. Ready-to-use powders were obtained by impact milling below 1 mm or simultaneous drying and grinding in a turbo rotor mill. A wide range of applications is possible, especially in baked products. The powder was used to partially replace flour in bread by considering its high water-binding capacity. In the example of wheat bread, 10% flour were simply replaced with pomace and dough handling properties (reduced stickiness) as well as bread quality parameters (lower baking loss, moister crumb) were improved by pre-hydration of the pomace in hot water. To expand the applicability of the pomace in the intensive scenario (B), the seeds were separated prior to milling and the remaining fibre fraction was treated thermomechanically either by planetary ball milling or extrusion cooking. This processing resulted in high fibre material with increased swelling capacity and water solubility. Based on the micronised seedless pomace, sweet creamy spreads were designed as an application example and the effects on rheology and physical stability were characterised. The pomace below 30 μm performed very well in spreads where it decreased oil separation. When it comes to zero-waste concepts, the seeds can be used for oil extraction whereas the stabilising effects of the fibre fraction may also be exploited to counteract sedimentation in aqueous suspensions and emulsions after pressure homogenisation.:1 Motivation 2 Literature review 2.1 Cultivation and processing of currants 2.2 Composition of currant pomace 2.2.1 Dietary fibre 2.2.2 Lipophilic components 2.2.3 Proteins, sugars, and minerals 2.2.4 Polyphenols and antioxidant capacity 2.3 Residues of toxicological importance 2.4 Preservation and comminution of food processing by-products 2.4.1 Drying 2.4.2 Particle size reduction 2.5 Extraction and fractionation of selected pomace components 2.5.1 Soluble and insoluble dietary fibre 2.5.2 Seed oil 2.5.3 Proteins 2.5.4 Anthocyanins 3 Objectives of the thesis 4 Materials and Methods 4.1 Origin of currant pomace 4.2 Processing of pomace 4.2.1 Minimal processing: Drying and milling 4.2.2 Intensive processing: Thermo-mechanical treatment of dried pomace 4.3 Pomace analysis 4.3.1 Proximate composition 4.3.2 Contamination analysis 4.3.3 Physical properties 4.3.4 Techno-functional properties 4.4 Food applications: Preparation and analysis 4.4.1 Preparation of wheat bread 4.4.2 Dough expansion, pH, and rheology 4.4.3 Bread appearance and texture 4.4.4 Preparation of sweet spreads 4.4.5 Spread analysis 4.5 Statistics 5 Results and discussion 5.1 Natural variation of currant pomace composition 5.2 Minimal processing scenario 5.2.1 Preservation of fresh pomace by convection drying 5.2.2 Milling techniques to obtain ready-to-use pomace powder 5.2.3 Hydration properties of pomace powders 5.3 Application of minimally processed pomace powder in wheat bread 5.3.1 Hydration properties and rheology during simulated baking 5.3.2 Changes in dough properties during proofing 5.3.3 Effects on bread characteristics 5.4 Intensive processing scenario 5.4.1 Composition of seedless currant pomace 5.4.2 Impact of HTST-extrusion 5.4.3 Influence of planetary ball milling on particle size 5.4.4 Modified functionality after thermo-mechanical treatments 5.5 Application of intensively processed pomace in fat-based spreads 5.5.1 Wet ball milling in oil-suspension 5.5.2 Rheological properties and physical stability of sweet spreads 5.5.3 Sensory attributes of pomace spreads 5.6 Concepts for the implementation of zero-waste strategies 6 Conclusions Bibliography List of figures List of tables Appendix List of publications / Die Verwertung von Johannisbeertrester in Lebensmitteln bietet sich nicht nur aufgrund seines Nährstoffprofils an, sondern ist auch im Sinne der Nachhaltigkeit und unter wirtschaftlichen Aspekten vorteilhaft. Das bei der Fruchtsaftherstellung anfallende Nebenprodukt besteht überwiegend aus Ballaststoffen sowie nennenswerten Mengen an Fett, Protein und Polyphenolen, welche im Falle einer Entsorgung für die menschliche Ernährung verloren gehen. Ganz unabhängig von der weiteren Nutzung muss der leicht verderbliche Trester zunächst getrocknet oder alternativ haltbar gemacht werden. Es wurden drei Aufarbeitungsstrategien (A, B, C) entworfen, welche sich in Energieaufwand und Intensität unterscheiden. Davon wurden das sogenannte minimale (A) und das intensive Szenario (B) inklusive entsprechender Anwendungen umfassend untersucht, während eine komplexe Verarbeitung (C) nur theoretisch betrachtet wurde. Für den Einsatz in niedrigpreisigen Lebensmitteln wurde getrockneter Trester im Gesamten (A) unter Anwendung verschiedener Technologien vermahlen. Direkt verwendbare Tresterpulver unter 1 mm wurden durch Vermahlung in einer Prallmühle oder mittels Mahltrocknung hergestellt. Es bieten sich eine ganze Reihe von Anwendungen, vor allem im Bereich der Backwaren, an. Unter Berücksichtigung der hohen Wasserbindekapazität erfolgte der Einsatz des Pulvers als Mehlsubstituent in Brot. Im Fall von Weizenbrot konnten 10% Mehl problemlos durch Trester ersetzt werden, wobei die Verarbeitungseigenschaften des Teigs (verminderte Klebrigkeit) und qualitätsbestimmende Broteigenschaften (geringerer Backverlust, feuchtere Krume) durch Vorquellen in heißem Wasser verbessert werden konnten. Um die Einsatzmöglichkeiten des Tresters zu erweitern, wurden im intensiven Verarbeitungsszenario (B) die Samen abgetrennt und die verbleibende Faserfraktion thermo-mechanisch behandelt, zum einen in einer Planetenkugelmühle, zum anderen durch Extrusion. Die intensive Aufarbeitung resultierte in einer ballaststoffreichen Faserfraktion mit erhöhtem Quellvermögen sowie höherer Wasserlöslichkeit. Als Einsatzbeispiel wurden ausgehend von der feinstvermahlenen Faserfraktion süße Streichcremes entwickelt, und die Auswirkungen des Tresters auf Rheologie und physikalische Stabilität charakterisiert. Der Trester unter 30 μm eignete sich hervorragend in der Herstellung von fettreichen Aufstrichen, da die Ölseparation vermindert wurde. Eine möglichst umfassende, reststofffreie Verwertung des Tresters (zero-waste) kann durch Nutzung der Samen zur Ölgewinnung erfolgen, wohingegen die stabilisierenden Eigenschaften der Faserfraktion nach Hochdruckhomogenisierung auch in wässrigen Suspensionen und Emulsionen ausgeschöpft werden könnten.:1 Motivation 2 Literature review 2.1 Cultivation and processing of currants 2.2 Composition of currant pomace 2.2.1 Dietary fibre 2.2.2 Lipophilic components 2.2.3 Proteins, sugars, and minerals 2.2.4 Polyphenols and antioxidant capacity 2.3 Residues of toxicological importance 2.4 Preservation and comminution of food processing by-products 2.4.1 Drying 2.4.2 Particle size reduction 2.5 Extraction and fractionation of selected pomace components 2.5.1 Soluble and insoluble dietary fibre 2.5.2 Seed oil 2.5.3 Proteins 2.5.4 Anthocyanins 3 Objectives of the thesis 4 Materials and Methods 4.1 Origin of currant pomace 4.2 Processing of pomace 4.2.1 Minimal processing: Drying and milling 4.2.2 Intensive processing: Thermo-mechanical treatment of dried pomace 4.3 Pomace analysis 4.3.1 Proximate composition 4.3.2 Contamination analysis 4.3.3 Physical properties 4.3.4 Techno-functional properties 4.4 Food applications: Preparation and analysis 4.4.1 Preparation of wheat bread 4.4.2 Dough expansion, pH, and rheology 4.4.3 Bread appearance and texture 4.4.4 Preparation of sweet spreads 4.4.5 Spread analysis 4.5 Statistics 5 Results and discussion 5.1 Natural variation of currant pomace composition 5.2 Minimal processing scenario 5.2.1 Preservation of fresh pomace by convection drying 5.2.2 Milling techniques to obtain ready-to-use pomace powder 5.2.3 Hydration properties of pomace powders 5.3 Application of minimally processed pomace powder in wheat bread 5.3.1 Hydration properties and rheology during simulated baking 5.3.2 Changes in dough properties during proofing 5.3.3 Effects on bread characteristics 5.4 Intensive processing scenario 5.4.1 Composition of seedless currant pomace 5.4.2 Impact of HTST-extrusion 5.4.3 Influence of planetary ball milling on particle size 5.4.4 Modified functionality after thermo-mechanical treatments 5.5 Application of intensively processed pomace in fat-based spreads 5.5.1 Wet ball milling in oil-suspension 5.5.2 Rheological properties and physical stability of sweet spreads 5.5.3 Sensory attributes of pomace spreads 5.6 Concepts for the implementation of zero-waste strategies 6 Conclusions Bibliography List of figures List of tables Appendix List of publications

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a concept where sensors combined with microcontrollers enhance our everyday life. In the year 2050, there will be around 30 billion connected IoT systems, for developing this large amount of systems and maintaining them there will be a need to use over-the-air updates (OTA). With the increasing growth of IoT systems, there will also rise more OTA update solutions as tools for maintaining and enhancing IoT systems. In this bachelor's degree project, evaluations and comparisons of different OTA update techniques supporting microcontrollers of the type ESP32 are done by using controlled experiments. This study focuses on testing the update procedure with experiments that test OTA update deployment time and update rollback functionality.

<p>  </p> <p>Actinide complexes have been targeted for their potential in group transfer applications. The study of these metals, such as thorium and uranium, is essential to better understand the reactions these metals are capable of facilitating.  Hydrotris(pyrazolyl)borates such as hydrotris(3,5-dimethylpyrazolyl)-borate (Tp*) and hydrotris(pyrazolyl)-borate (Tp) are superbulky, scorpionate ligands that have previously been used to synthesize novel uranium complexes and probe the reactivity of these materials. Similar thorium analogs have also been synthesized, but their reactivity has yet to be explored in great depth. Tp*ThCl3(THF) and Tp2ThCl2 have been reproduced and investigated as possible starting materials for such reactivity studies. While the former was found to be largely unreactive, the latter presents promising reactivity for the synthesis of thorium-element multiple bonds, and a novel thorium imido, Tp2Th(NDipp)(THF), has been synthesized and characterized using this scaffold. </p> <p><br></p> <p>The reactivity of a uranium tetrakis(imido), [U(NDipp)4][K2], has also been investigated to probe the prospect of group transfer reactions for potential catalysis applications in the future. An isocyanate, PhNCO, was reacted with this compound; the observed product showed that group transfer was incomplete, and a four-membered metallocycle product is likely formed instead. The synthesis of a novel thorium tris(imido) has also been targeted, and preliminary results are outlined. </p>

As a part of this study a solution is being developed to evaluate the effectiveness of the components of the MES system. The bottom line is to assess the degree of use of standard functionalities (taking into account their weight ratio) as compared to design modifications for different projects. Analysis of the data provided to the user allows making clear, based on real indicators conclusions about the effectiveness of each component (or module) of the system, allowing to highlight the weak points of the system and determine the trajectory of the further development of each component and the entire software product. / В рамках данной работы разрабатывается решение для оценки эффективности компонентов MES-системы. Суть заключается в оценке степени использования стандартных функциональностей (с учетом коэффициента их весомости) по сравнению с проектными доработками для разных проектов. Анализ предоставляемых пользователю данных позволяет делать четкие, основанные на реальных показателях выводы об эффективности каждого компонента (или модуля) системы, позволяя выделять слабые места системы и определять траектория дальнейшего развития как каждого компонента, так и всего программного продукта в целом.

The current study assessed an error reflection intervention on Algebra I students’ conceptual and procedural knowledge and sense of belonging to mathematics. Also of interest was whether perceptions of the functionality of errors mediated the effect of condition on learning and sense of belonging to mathematics. Middle school students (N = 207) were randomly assigned within classroom to one of four conditions: 1) a Problem-Solving Control group, 2) a Correct Examples Control group, 3) a Correct Examples Error Reflection condition that promoted reflection on hypothetical errors through self-explanation prompts, or 4) an Incorrect Examples Error Reflection condition that promoted reflection on displayed errors within the example through self-explanation prompts. Conceptual and procedural knowledge, sense of belonging to mathematics and perceived functionality of errors were measured pre- and post-intervention. After controlling for unanticipated clustering effects, results suggest that reflecting on and explaining errors within a worked examples intervention is just as effective at promoting learning as traditional problem solving alone or working with traditional correct worked examples and written self-explanation prompts. Students’ sense of belonging to mathematics or perceived functionality of errors for learning were high at the start of the study and remained so throughout the intervention. Perceptions of the functionality of errors were unrelated to learning and sense of belonging to mathematics. The limited size of the minority population in the sample did not allow for exploration of differential effects of condition for underrepresented minority (URM) students. However, these students reported lower feelings of belonging to mathematics than non-URM students. Implications for theory and practice are discussed. / Educational Psychology

The use of fully grouted reinforced masonry shear walls (RMSWs) has been growing in several areas around the world owing to their relative ease of construction and their in-plane ductile behavior. However, RMSWs possess low out-of-plane ductility which amplifies the vulnerability of such components under blast loading. Furthermore, the long time and high costs of recovery following devastating (deliberate or accidental) explosions have created a need for resilience-based design for risk mitigation, especially considering the different sources of associated uncertainty. As such, this study aims to lay out the foundations of a probabilistic resilience–based blast analysis and design framework. The framework should have the capability of quantifying the overall building post-blast functionality in order to estimate its recovery cost and time, and thus the building resilience following such a demand. The proposed framework will be specifically applied for RMSW buildings incurring blast loads through a profound investigation for the behavior of rectangular RMSWs as being a primary structural element in reinforced masonry buildings. The investigation will subsume an experimental and analytical evaluation for the performance of load-bearing RMSWs with different in-plane ductility levels subjected to out-of-plane quasi-static loading. This will be followed by a numerical investigation of RMSWs to conclude the blast probabilistic performance of RMSWs that can be applied within the proposed probabilistic resilience-based blast framework. The work in this dissertation presents a key step towards adopting resilience based analysis and design in future editions of blast-resistant construction standards and provides the decisionmakers with a complete insight into post-blast building functionality and its recovery. / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)