Thesis (PhD (Economics)--University of Stellenbosch, 2010. / ENGLSIH ABSTRACT: At the time of South Africa‟s transition to democracy the school system was envisaged to be a powerful vehicle for nation-building and transformation. The chronic low performance of the South African school system has subsequently become the subject of widespread public concern. This thesis examines the distribution of cognitive achievement amongst South African children and the factors influencing it, especially socio-economic status, and asks what the implications of this are for future economic development. The methodologies employed are predominantly quantitative as various sources of data are examined in order to collect evidence pertaining to the question above. Chapter 1 lays down a conceptual framework for understanding the role of schooling in economic development. The point is made that although education is often envisaged as a vehicle for development and mobility out of poverty, the home socio-economic status of children impacts significantly on their educational outcomes. Chapter 2 reviews recent and relevant literature to establish main currents of thinking regarding the influence of socio-economic status on educational outcomes. Chapter 3 follows this with an empirical examination of the influence of socio-economic status on reading achievement amongst South African children. The results indicate that the relationship between socio-economic status and educational achievement in South Africa is particularly strong by international standards. Furthermore, the historical divisions within the school system remain key to understanding continuing inequalities in educational outcomes. The socio-economic status of students is crucial in determining which part of the school system students enter; then for those entering the historically disadvantaged system the chances of achieving high quality educational outcomes are small, regardless of their home background. The main priority in the latter part of chapter 3 and thereafter is the attempt to identify factors that improve cognitive achievement, given the socio-economic context of schools and their students. In chapter 4, this search is taken up by examining a rich collection of data regarding school and teacher practices in South African primary schools. In chapter 5 this is done by analysing trends in the ability of high schools to convert demonstrated grade 8 achievement into matric outcomes. An additional perspective is provided through a comparison of the performance of South Africa‟s independent and public schools in Chapter 6. The final chapter summarises the results from these various approaches and highlights several key areas on which, it is recommended, attempts to improve South Africa‟s schools should focus. These include the management of school resources, teacher work ethic, time management and planning within schools, curriculum coverage, the accuracy of assessment and feedback to students, and parent commitment to education. Improving these areas within the large and struggling part of the South African school system will be decisive for the country‟s economic development. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Ten tye van Suid-Afrika se demokratiese oorgang is die skoolstelsel as ʼn sterk instrument vir nasiebou en transformasie gesien. Die kroniese swak vertoning van die Suid-Afrikaanse skoolstelsel het sedertdien tot wye openbare besorgdheid gelei. Hierdie proefskrif ondersoek die verdeling van kognitiewe prestasie onder Suid-Afrikaanse kinders en die faktore wat dit beïnvloed, veral sosio-ekonomiese status, asook die implikasies daarvan vir toekomstige ekonomiese ontwikkeling. Die metodologie wat gebruik word, is hoofsaaklik kwantitatief, want verskeie databronne word ondersoek om getuienis in te win rakende bogenoemde vraagstuk. Hoofstuk 1 stel ʼn konseptuele raamwerk daar om die rol van onderwys in ekonomiese ontwikkeling te verstaan. Die punt word gemaak dat, alhoewel onderwys dikwels as ʼn instrument vir ontwikkeling en uitstyging uit armoede gesien word, die sosio-ekonomiese status van kinders se huislike omgewing hulle onderwysuitkomste beduidend beïnvloed. Hoofstuk 2 bied ʼn oorsig van onlangse en relevante literatuur om die hoofstrome van denke oor die invloed van sosio-ekonomiese status op onderwysuitkomste aan te dui. Hoofstuk 3 volg dit op met „n empiriese ontleding van die invloed van sosio-ekonomiese status op leesvaardigheid onder Suid-Afrikaanse kinders. Die resultate dui daarop dat die verband tussen sosio-ekonomiese status en onderwysuitkomste volgens internasionale standaarde in Suid-Afrika besonder sterk is. Verder is die historiese verdelingslyne binne die skoolstelsel van sleutelbelang om voortgesette ongelykheid in onderwysuitkomste te verstaan. Die sosio-ekonomiese status van studente bepaal grootliks tot watter deel van die skoolstelsel kinders toegang kry. Vir daardie kinders wat in die histories-afgeskeepte deel van die stelsel beland, is die waarskynlikheid van hoë gehalte onderwys klein, ongeag hulle gesinsagtergrond. Die klem in die laaste gedeelte van hoofstuk 3 en daarna val daarop om faktore te identifiseer wat kognitiewe uitkomste verbeter, gegewe die sosio-ekonomiese konteks van skole en studente. In hoofstuk 4 word hierdie speurtog voortgesit deur ʼn ryk verskeidenheid data rakende skole en onderwysers se praktyke in Suid-Afrikaanse laerskole te ondersoek. In hoofstuk 5 word dit gedoen deur ʼn analise van die vermoë van hoërskole om graad 8-vlak prestasie in graad matriekuitkomste te omskep. ʼn Vergelyking van die prestasie van Suid-Afrika se onafhanklike skole met openbare skole in hoofstuk 6 bied verdere perspektief hierop. Die finale hoofstuk som die bevindinge van hierdie verskillende benaderings op en belig sekere sleutelaspekte waarop pogings om Suid-Afrika se skole te verbeter klem behoort te lê. Dit sluit in bestuur van skoolhulpbronne, onderwysers se werksetiek, tydsbestuur en beplanning binne skole, dekking van die kurrikulum, die akkuraatheid van assessering en terugvoer daaroor aan studente, en ouers se betrokkenheid by onderwys. Verbetering op hierdie gebiede binne die groot, sukkelende deel van die Suid-Afrikaanse skoolstelsel sal deurslaggewend wees vir die land se ekonomiese ontwikkeling.

Introdução: O comprometimento cognitivo leve (CCL) constitui possivelmente uma fase prodrômica das demências e consequentemente é um alvo importante no diagnóstico precoce e em futuras estratégias terapêuticas. Paralelamente, a síndrome da fragilidade (SF) constitui uma morbidade comum entre idosos e está relacionada com baixo desempenho cognitivo e maior incidência de CCL. Desta forma, espera-se que os idosos com CCL apresentem um maior número de critérios para fragilidade quando comparados aos controles. Objetivo: identificar e caracterizar a SF por meio de instrumentos validados em idosos com CCL. Métodos: desenho transversal, observacional e descritivo. No estudo, 40 idosos com CCL amnéstico e 26 controles sem doenças neuropsiquiátricas, acompanhados em uma coorte de transtornos cognitivos com avaliação de parâmetros clínicos, neurológicos, psiquiátricos, neuropsicológicos e funcionais. A SF foi avaliada através dos critérios de Fried e colaboradores (CHS), da Edmonton Frail Scale (EFS) e da escala FRAIL. Os dados coletados foram analisados através do software R. Resultados: a prevalência da SF variou sobre os critérios utilizados (EFS 7,5%; CHS 30%) e foi significativamente maior no grupo CCL quando avaliada pela EFS (p = 0,047), mas não com o de CHS (p = 0,255) ou FRAIL (p = 0,155). A variável fadiga em CHS (p = 0,036) e as variáveis humor (p = 0,019) e independência funcional (p = 0,042) da EFS foram significativamente diferentes entre os grupos. A função visuo-espacial (OR = 2,405, p = 0,042) foi associada aos critérios CHS. Observou-se correlação significativa entre o parâmetro peso do CHS com independência funcional (p = 0,034), nutrição (p = 0,002) e continência (p = 0,035) da EFS; entre marcha do CHS com independência funcional (p = 0,001), medicamento (p = 0,015) e desempenho funcional (p < 0,001) da EFS; e entre fadiga do CHS com estado geral de saúde (p = 0,032), medicamento (p = 0,038) e desempenho funcional (p = 0,016) da EFS. Conclusão: a identificação de características de fragilidade em CCL depende do protocolo utilizado para avaliação. A função visuo-espacial esteve relacionada com maior risco para fragilidade segundo o CHS / Introduction: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a possibly prodromal phase of dementia and therefore is an important target in the early diagnosis and future treatment strategy. At the same time, the fragility syndrome (FS) is a common disease among the elderly and is associated with low cognitive performance and higher incidence of MCI. Thus, it is expected that the elderly with MCI show a greater number of criteria for frailty when compared to controls. Objective: To identify and characterize the FS through validated instruments in elderly patients with MCI and evaluate cognitive performance according to the frailty phenotype. Methods: cross-sectional, observational and descriptive design. In the study, 40 subjects with amnestic MCI and 26 controls without neuropsychiatric disorders, follow-up in a cohort of cognitive disorders with clinical, neurological, psychiatric, neuropsychological and functional evaluation. The FS was assessed by the Fried criteria (CHS), the Edmonton Frail Scale (EFS), and the FRAIL scale. Data were analyzed using the software R. Results: the prevalence of SF varied on the criteria used (EFS 7.5%, CHS 30%) and was significantly higher in the MCI group when assessed by EFS (p = 0.047), but not with the CHS (p = 0.255) or FRAIL (p = 0.155). The variable fatigue of CHS (p = 0.036) and variables mood (p = 0.019) and functional independence (p = 0.042) from EFS were significantly different among groups. The visuospatial function (OR = 2.405, p = 0.042) was associated with CHS criteria. There was a significant correlation between the CHS weight parameter with functional independence (p = 0.034), nutrition (p = 0.002) and continence (p = 0.035) of EFS; between gait in CHS with functional independence (p = 0.001), medicine (p = 0,015) and functional performance (p < 0.001) of EFS; and between fatigue from CHS with general health (p = 0.032), medication (p = 0.038) and functional performance (p = 0.016) of EFS. Conclusion: The identification of frailty features in MCI depends on the protocol used for evaluation. The visuospatial function was related to higher risk of frailty according to CHS

O presente trabalho estuda de maneira crítica os conceitos necessários para o suporte do planejamento de sistemas de Gerenciamento de Facilidades em edificações produtivas, a partir do entendimento sistêmico do edifício dentro do contexto maior da organização e do meio ambiente em que está inserido, objetivando a utilização produtiva do ambiente de trabalho através do oferecimento de suporte adequado aos diversos usuários do edifício. Os elementos que possibilitam este entendimento, bem como os meios necessários para atingir os objetivos propostos, são analisados em níveis estratégico e tático, contemplando questões como sustentabilidade, funcionalidade, servibilidade, gerenciabilidade e mantenabilidade do edifício e de seus sistemas, visando a obtenção de efetividade de custos operacionais conjuntamente com oferecimento de qualidade de vida no trabalho. O Gerenciamento de Facilidades, assim entendido, representa a resposta adequada para as necessidades de transição dos modelos gerenciais até então utilizados para a operação e manutenção do edifício e seus sistemas, de maneira a poder enfrentar os novos desafios impostos pela sociedade pós-industrial. / The following work analyzes the key concepts, from a critical point of view, involved in planning facilities management support systems in productive buildings, through a systemic approach that considers buildings in their organizational and environmental contexts. This aims at productively using the work space environment through proper support being offered the building’s many different users. Both the elements that make this understanding possible and the means needed to achieve the proposed goals are analyzed according to strategic and tactical levels, including concepts such as sustainability, functionality, serviceability, manageability e maintainability of the building and its systems, to obtain operational costs effectiveness along with the quality of life being offered in work space environment. Management Facilities, understood as such, leads to a suitable answer for transitional adjustments required in managerial models employed so far for operating and maintaining the building and its systems, so that the new challenges posed by a post-industrial society may be faced.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-05T20:05:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 25 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A dentição funcional possui importante papel na manutenção da capacidade mastigatória, a qual está intimamente relacionada com o número de dentes presentes na boca. Para manter tal funcionalidade é necessária a presença mínima de 20 dentes bem distribuídos nos arcos dentários superior e inferior. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar o efeito de aspectos individuais e contextuais na ausência de dentição funcional de adultos do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. / Oral functionality has important role in maintaining masticatory capacity. This can be achieved with the presence of at least 20 functional teeth in mouth. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of individual and contextual factors on the functional dentition status of Brazilian adults.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T18:47:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ana Maria Tabet de Oliveira.pdf: 4181639 bytes, checksum: 8eb51fb776e9938078c87254a310035d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-27 / This research aimed to reflect on the application of a physical therapy protocol, within the Gerontologic approach, applied in an elderly home in SP (n=14), all with mild to moderate Alzheimer s disease, assessing three aspects : functionality, cognition and behavior over a period of six months, at a weekly meeting. Functionality was assessed by the Timed Up and Go (TUG)Test and the Pfeffer Questionnaire ;cognition,with the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) , Verbal Fluency Test (VFT) and Clock Drawing Test (CDT) and behavior, by Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) and Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI)by Cummings . Such tests were applied at the beginning, middle and the end of the process. The group was divided into two subroups, according to the analysis of performance on the TUG test: the ones with lower risk of falls (n=7) and increased risk (n=7), with two variables : position (seated and standing) and mutual cooperation during the exercises (with and without cooperation). Each group received a distinct exercise protocol. At three months they were reversed about variables and protocols. The hypothesis is the beneficial effect in the analyzed aspects.To evaluate the results, it was used the SPSS17.0 software(Statistical Package for Social Sciences), the Friedman test for descriptive analysis and for analysis of the tests performance it was applied the SPAD(Système Portables d Analyse dês Donées).Results:significant difference (p<0,05) in behavior ( GDS ) with improvement of depression as well as trends towards improvements in the tests analysed, in distinct phases. Analysis of performance in tests classified them into three gropus : mixed, good and bad results. Conclusion : Although the short period of intervention, it proved positive for the elderly with A.D. / Esta pesquisa visou refletir sobre a aplicação de um protocolo fisioterapêutico, no âmbito da Gerontologia, aplicado em idosos de um centro-dia de SP (n=14), todos com Doença de Alzheimer, de grau leve a moderado, com a finalidade de se avaliarem três aspectos: funcionalidade, cognição e comportamento, num período de seis meses, em um encontro semanal. A funcionalidade foi avaliada pelo teste Timed Up and Go (TUG) e pelo Questionário Pfeffer ; a cognição, pelos testes Mini-Exame do Estado Mental (MEEM) , Teste de Fluência Verbal (TFV) e Teste do Desenho do Relógio (TDR) ; e o comportamento foi avaliado pelos questionários Escala de Depressão Geriátrica (GDS) e Inventário Neuropsiquiátrico (NPI) de Cummings . Os referidos testes foram aplicados em três fases, respectivamente no início, no meio e no final do processo de intervenção. O grupo submetido aos testes foi dividido em dois subgrupos, pela análise do desempenho no TUG test : o grupo de menor risco de quedas (n=7) e o de maior risco de quedas (n=7), com duas variáveis:posicionamento (sentados e em ortostatismo) e cooperação mútua (com cooperação e sem).Cada grupo recebeu uma proposta distinta. Aos três meses se inverteram os grupos e protocolos. A hipótese é a repercussão benéfica nos aspectos analisados. Para avaliar os resultados foi utilizado o programa SPSS 17.0 (Statistical Package for Social Sciences), o teste de Friedman para análise descritiva da amostra e para análise do desempenho nos testes foi aplicado o SPAD (Système Portable d Analise dês Donées). Os resultados demonstraram diferença significativa (p<0,05)no comportamento ( GDS )com melhora da depressão, além de tendências à melhora nos testes analisados, em fases distintas.A análise de desempenho classificou-os em três grupos:misto, de bom resultado e de resultado ruim. Conclusão : apesar de o tempo e a freqüência de aplicação terem sido curtos, esta abordagem fisioterapêutica mostrou-se positiva para o idoso com Doença de Alzheimer, uma doença neurodegenativa

O diabetes mellitus (DM) trata-se de um problema de saúde pública, reconhecido pela Organização Mundial de Saúde. A evolução crônica e silenciosa, se não acompanhada de forma satisfatória poderá causar graves implicações, incluindo comprometimento cognitivo em diversos domínios, entre eles flexibilidade mental, velocidade de processamento, eficiência psicomotora, funcionamento executivo, inteligência, memória, capacidade de aprendizagem, e atenção dividida. O presente estudo procurou avaliar aspectos do funcionamento cognitivo, funcionalidade e da qualidade de vida de sujeitos adultos portadores de DM e controles sem DM em uma unidade básica de saúde. A amostra recrutada de 144 pacientes divididos em dois grupos: grupos portadores de DM e grupo comparativo (não portadores DM) provenientes de uma Unidade Básica de Saúde de Assis-SP. Todos os sujeitos foram submetidos à caracterização diagnóstica clínica cognitiva e funcional, utilizando instrumentos de avaliação em saúde mental, validados no Brasil. Como resultado a caracterização relacionada ao desempenho cognitivo, desempenho funcional e o impacto na qualidade de vida dos pacientes, os portadores de DM apresentaram prejuízos no desempenho cognitivo estaticamente significativos comparado ao controle sem DM, envolvendo múltiplos domínios, particularmente visuoespacial, atenção e memoria (p < 0,05). Apesar do prejuízo no desempenho cognitivo, não observamos prejuízo na funcionalidade na comparação entre os grupos, sendo ambos independentes para atividades básicas de vida diária. Em relação aos prejuízos da qualidade de vida, observamos prejuízo estatisticamente significativo nos aspectos físicos, sociais, ambientais e auto percepção da qualidade de vida nos portadores de DM em comparação com os controles (p < 0,05). Salienta-se quanto à presença de sintomas depressivos e ansiosos mais proeminentes nos portadores de DM em comparação aos controles, fato este que pode colaborar para o prejuízo cognitivo e piora da qualidade de vida dos portadores de DM / Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a public health problem recognized by the World Health Organization. Chronic and silent progress, if not accompanied satisfactorily, can have serious implications, including cognitive impairment in a number of areas, including flexibility mental, processing speed, psychomotor efficiency, executive functioning, intelligence, memory, learning ability, and divided attention. The present study sought to evaluate aspects of the cognitive functioning, functionality and quality of life of adult subjects with DM and controls without DM in a basic health unit. The sample consisted of 144 patients divided into two groups: groups with DM and comparative group (not DM patients) from a Basic Health Unit of Assis-SP. All subjects underwent cognitive and functional clinical diagnostic characterization using mental health assessment instruments validated in Brazil. As a result of the characterization related to cognitive performance, functional performance and impact on patients\' quality of life, patients with DM presented statistically significant impairments in cognitive performance compared to control without DM, involving multiple domains, particularly spatial visuo, attention and memory (p < 0.05) Despite the impairment in cognitive performance, we did not observe impairment in functionality in the comparison between the groups, both of which were independent for basic activities of daily living. In relation to the quality of life impairments, we observed a statistically significant impairment in physical aspects, social, environmental and self-perceived quality of life in DM patients compared to controls (p < 0.05). Furthermore, we observed higher depressive and anxiety symptoms in DM patients compared to controls, that may also contribute to cognitive impairment and quality of life in this group

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2017-08-15T17:18:32Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Fernando Morais Rodrigues.pdf: 2322673 bytes, checksum: 8f5b741d438f97ba0f77ff0820d05b50 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-15T17:18:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Fernando Morais Rodrigues.pdf: 2322673 bytes, checksum: 8f5b741d438f97ba0f77ff0820d05b50 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-11-25 / The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of high hydrostatic pressure on physical, chemical, microbiological and sensory characteristics of Minas Frescal cheese produced with reduced sodium content. Initially a literature review was presented on the main techniques used to reduce the sodium content. After identifying the optimal salt concentration of Minas Frescal cheese it was studied the effect of information regarding the excessive salt intake on health towards the consumer preference by means of survival analysis and by the acceptance in structured 9-point hedonic scales. Subsequently it was evaluated the effect of salt concentration and the salting method on production yield, physicochemical composition (moisture, ash, protein, fat), titrable acidity, pH, minerals (sodium and calcium content) and sensory characteristics (hedonic test and check-all-that-apply (CATA) of ?Minas Frescal? cheese. For both the experimental design involved the factorial combination of varying concentrations of sodium chloride (0.2, 1.6 and 3.0%) and salting method (salting and sant in the milk mass). Finally it was investigated the combined effect of pressurizing at different pressures (300, 400 and 500MPa / 5 min) and salt content (40, 70 and 100% NaCl) where 100% of NaCl is equivalent to 1.6% of NaCl content/volume of milk (this content set out in Chapter 3) on the physic-chemical, microbiological and sensorial characteristics (perception of salty taste) of Minas Frescal cheese, by using a complete factorial experimental design 2^2 with triplicate at the midpoint. From the data collected parametric models were obtained allowing the estimation of the optimum salt concentration: 3.2 +/- 0.4 (%NaCl). For the cheese with such salt concentration it was obtained 21.5% of consumer rejection, of which 8.3% for considering the Minas Frescal cheese of being "little salty" and 13.2% for considering it ?too salty?. Information on the health hazards due to excessive sodium intake was not significant (p>0.05) for the consumers. Either the effect of salt concentration and/or method of salting either individually or their interaction resulted in significant differences for the parameters moisture, ash, protein and minerals (p<0.05). The salt concentration showed the highest influence on the response variables evaluated in this study. The yield statistically varied among the treatments (p<0.05), and was influenced by the level of sodium, while calcium concentration and also the yield were affected by the salting method, salt concentration and interaction of the parameters (p<0.05). The yield values for different treatments were statistically different (p<0.05). With respect to the sensory analysis the salting methods influenced the acceptance only for the cheeses elaborated with 3.0% NaCl (p<0.05). Salt concentration (1.6%) for both salting methods achieved the highest average acceptance. Significant differences for the physical and chemical microbiological and sensory parameters (p < 0.05) were observed. The physical-chemical response variables more influenced by the treatments were: sodium content, calcium content, NaCl content, salt content, moisture, DPPH, proteolysis and antihypertensive activity. Higher levels of pressure and salt content resulted in further reduction in the microbial population. Bioactive properties (antihypertensive activity and antioxidant activity) of the Minas Frescal cheese was confirmed by the analyses. Regarding the sensory analysis no increase in the perception of salty taste occurred due to the high pressure treatments evaluated. / O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o efeito da Alta Press?o Hidrost?tica sob as caracter?sticas f?sico-qu?micas, microbiol?gicas e sensoriais em queijo Minas Frescal produzido com teor reduzido de s?dio. Inicialmente apresentou-se uma revis?o de literatura sobre as principais t?cnicas utilizadas na redu??o do teor de s?dio. Ap?s, identificou-se a concentra??o ?tima de sal no queijo Minas Frescal e avaliou-se o efeito da informa??o sobre os malef?cios do consumo excessivo de sal ? sa?de na prefer?ncia do consumidor pelo produtos, por meio de an?lise de sobreviv?ncia e teste de aceita??o em escala hed?nica estruturada de nove pontos. Posteriormente, abordou-se o efeito da concentra??o de sal e o m?todo de salga sob o rendimento, composi??o centesimal (umidade, RMF, prote?na, gordura), acidez total, pH, minerais (s?dio e c?lcio) e caracter?sticas sensoriais com base em teste hed?nico de aceita??o e Check All That Apply (CATA) do queijo Minas Frescal. Para tanto, o delineamento experimental compreendeu a combina??o fatorial das vari?veis concentra??o de cloreto de s?dio (0,2; 1,6 e 3,0%) e m?todo de salga (salga no leite ou salga na massa. Por ?ltimo, investigou-se o efeito combinado da pressuriza??o (300, 400 e 500MPa / 5 min) e teores de sal (40, 70 e 100% NaCl) onde 100% de NaCl foi equivalente ao teor de 1,6% de NaCl /volume de leite (teor este definido no Cap?tulo 3) sob as caracter?sticas f?sicoqu?micas, microbiol?gica e sensorial (percep??o do gosto salgado) do queijos Minas Frescal, empregando-se delineamento experimental fatorial completo 2^2 com triplicata no ponto central. A partir dos dados processados, foram obtidos modelos param?tricos que permitiram estimar a concentra??o ?tima de sal para os queijos: 3,2 +/- 0,4 (%NaCl). Para esta concentra??o, houve 21,5% de rejei??o por parte dos consumidores, dos quais 8,3% por o queijo frescal estar ?pouco salgado?, e 13,2% de rejei??o por estar ?muito salgado?. A informa??o sobre os malef?cios ? sa?de do consumo excessivo de s?dio n?o foi significativo (p>0,05). J? para o efeito da concentra??o de sal e/ou m?todo de salga, foram observadas diferen?as significativas para os par?metros umidade, cinzas, prote?na e minerais (p<0,05). A concentra??o de cloreto de s?dio (%) apresentou maior influ?ncia sobre as vari?veis de resposta avaliadas. Os valores de rendimento para os diferentes tratamentos diferiram estatisticamente (p<0,05). O teor de s?dio, c?lcio e o rendimento foram afetados pelo m?todo de salga, concentra??o de sal e intera??o de ambos (p<0,05). Com rela??o ? an?lise sensorial, os m?todos de salga influenciaram a aceita??o apenas para os queijos elaborados com 3,0% de NaCl (p<0,05). Concentra??o intermedi?ria deste sal (1,6 %) para ambos os m?todos de salga alcan?aram as maiores m?dias de aceita??o. Para o efeito da Alta Press?o hidrost?tica,diferen?as significativas para os par?metros f?sico-qu?micos (p<0,05), microbiol?gicos e sensoriais foram observadas. As vari?veis de resposta f?sico-qu?micas mais influenciadas pelos tratamentos foram: s?dio, c?lcio, NaCl, %NaCl na umidade, atividade antioxidante, prote?lise e atividade antihipertensiva. Maiores n?veis de press?o e teor de sal resultaram em maior redu??o do n?mero de microrganismos analisados, conforme preconizado pela legisla??o. Propriedades bioativas (Atividade anti-hipertensiva e Atividade antioxidante) foram confirmadas atrav?s das an?lises realizadas. Com rela??o ? an?lise sensorial, n?o houve aumento da percep??o do gosto salgado para os tratamentos avaliados.

This thesis aims to investigate possible positions of identification for people with dis/abilities. With a theoretical basis in crip-theory it discusses the notions of power and deviance and its’ importance for the formation and reproduction of ideas around the concepts of dis/ability, ableism, deviancy and normality.

Most of the previous research focused on the increasing number of out-dining population; seldom concerned the lived meaning of out-dining for those who have to do so. The current research explored the out-dining phenomenon in Taiwan and examined the feelings regarding out-dining in the minds of Kaohsiung citizens. The current research applied both quantitative and qualitative research methods. To understand the basic ideas and investigate their experiences and feelings of out-dining, the researcher interviewed six subjects. In the stage of quantitative method, three meal-buffet stores were observed for three days, each and individually, where 241 respondents were acquired for brief questionnaires at the same time. The current research shifted out six dimensions of the lived meanings for out-dining: enjoyment, efficiency, powerless, expenditure, non-home, and out-of-home by demographic variables. Differences in the dimensions were scrutinized as well as by the data collected.

Cancer is a disease that varies dramatically from person to person due to the specifics of the individual's physiology and the source of the cancer. In most cases, the origin of the cancer can be determined but metastasis can lead to tumors anywhere and thus many cancers require treatment of the whole body. Since many of the drugs that are used to treat cancer are toxic to healthy cells as well as cancerous ones, there has been considerable interest in developing ways to convey the drug specifically to the cancer cells with minimal exposure to healthy cells. Colloid drug delivery vehicles have shown considerable progress toward this end, while also reducing degradation of the drug prior to delivery to targeted sites (particularly important for oligonucleotide and protein therapeutics), and controlling release rates. Toward the end of improved drug delivery, this thesis work investigates the encapsulation of DNA in gelatin microspheres (GMS) and the subsequent temperature controlled release of the encapsulated DNA from these GMS. DNA-loaded GMS were then used as templates for colloidal satellite assemblies and the released DNA was shown to competitively displace the original partner strands of immobilized DNA on the surface of the assemblies. To support these investigations, hybridization of DNA at colloidal surfaces was also investigated using in situ measurements and found to significantly deviate from solution behavior. DNA hybridization is of particular interest as means of controlling the functionality of colloidal structures because it is uniquely reversible and tunable as well as biocompatible. Gelatin was chosen as the encapsulation matrix for its superior biocompatibility, convenient gel to liquid phase transition at ~35 oC, and economical availability.