Two high temperature fiber optic based strain sensors have been developed for use in a coal combustor environment. An intensity based sensor uses losses created by longitudinal misalignment as a sensing mechanism and has a maximum operating temperature of 700°C. An interferometric based sensor makes use of a Fabry-Perot cavity created by aligning two fibers in a splice tube with a small gap in between. The Fabry-Perot based sensors' maximum operating temperature is 950°C. Attachment methods and sensor design are discussed as well as the presentation of results from <i>in situ</i> testing. / Master of Science

no abstract provided by author / Master of Science

In order to study the degree of accuracy with which the analytical methods used in crankshaft design would predict the actual operating stresses in the crankshaft of an internal combustion engine, electrical resistance strain gauges were applied to the accessible parts of the crankshaft of a single-cylinder gasoline engine to sense the actual operating strains. From the recorded strains the operating stresses were determined and were compared to the analytically determined stresses. Oscilloscope and camera were used as the indicating and recording instruments while simplified formulas were used in the calculations. Stresses at various engine speeds and engine loads were determined by both methods and were plotted in curves against engine speeds and crank angles. In the graphical comparisons, the stresses determined by using electrical resistance strain gages agreed well with the stresses obtained analytically. / Master of Science

[pt] Neste trabalho foram estudados quatro geometrias de componentes tubulares, para trabalho sob pressão interna, que continham defeitos tipo perda de espessura metálica em regiões de sua superfície externa e que foram reparados por dois sistemas de materiais compósitos. As seguintes geometrias de espécimes tubulares foram estudadas: dutos com redução de diâmetro, dutos curvados a frio, dutos curvados a quente e uniões tubulares em T. Os dois sistemas de materiais compósitos consistiram de um sistema com mantas de resina epóxi reforçadas por fibra de vidro (ERFV) e outro sistema com mantas de resina epóxi reforçadas por fibra de carbono (ERFC). O método de Elementos Finitos foi usado para simular o comportamento dos espécimes quando submetidos a testes hidrostáticos. As simulações levaram em consideração o comportamento do material dos tubos API 5L Grau B nas suas regiões elástica e plástica, e investigaram o aumento da resistência à ruptura dos tubos com defeitos proporcionados pela presença dos reparos compósitos. Os resultados obtidos com os modelos de elementos finitos, usados para as determinações de distribuições de deformações e de pressões de ruptura, foram comparados com resultados experimentais disponíveis para cada componente tubular. Os resultados destas comparações foram satisfatórios. Posteriormente, foram desenvolvidas equações para determinar espessuras otimizadas para os reparos e os resultados obtidos com estas equações foram comparados com os resultados das simulações por elementos finitos e outros resultados obtidos com equações disponíveis em normas pertinentes. Em conclusão, o método de elementos finitos usado neste trabalho simulou satisfatoriamente o comportamento em testes hidrostáticos de componentes tubulares tipo Tê, com redução concêntrica, curvados a quente e curvados a frio, com defeitos de perda de espessura metálica e que foram reparados com materiais compósitos. Por sua vez, os resultados numéricos auxiliaram na validação de equações analíticas simples que poderão ser usadas na determinação de espessuras otimizadas de sistemas de reparos com materiais compósitos. / [en] This dissertation investigates four geometries of pipe components that operate with internal pressure and contain metal loss defects in areas of their external surface. These components were repaired with two systems of composite materials that consisted of epoxy resin reinforced by glass fiber (ERFV) and epoxy resin reinforced by carbon fiber (ERFC). The following tubular specimens were studied: components with concentric diameter reducers, hot curved short radius elbow components, cold curved long radius elbow components and T-components. The finite element method was used to simulate the behavior of the specimens when submitted to hydrostatic tests. The simulations took into consideration the behavior of the material of the pipes API 5L Grade B in their elastic and plastic regions, and investigated the increase in the rupture strength of the pipes with defects that was provided by the presence of composite repairs. The results obtained with the finite element models, used for the determination of distributions of deformation and burst pressures, were compared with experimental results available for each pipe component. The results of these comparisons were satisfactory. Subsequently, simple analytical equations were developed to determine the optimized thicknesses for the composite repair systems and the results obtained from these equations were compared with the results determined with the finite element models and with other results obtained with equations recommended by international relevant standards. In conclusion, the finite element method used in this work satisfactorily simulated the behavior of the selected pipe components with defects of metal loss that were hydrostatically tested and that were repaired with composites materials. The numerical results helped to validate simple analytical equations that can be used in the determination of the optimized thicknesses of repair systems with composite materials.

High-Pressure, High-Temperature (HPHT) pressure gauges are commonly used in oil wells for pressure transient analysis. Mathematical models are used to relate input perturbation (e.g., flow rate transients) with output responses (e.g., pressure transients), and subsequently, solve an inverse problem that infers reservoir parameters. The indispensable use of pressure data in well testing motivates continued improvement in the accuracy (quality), sampling rate (quantity), and autonomy (lifetime) of pressure gauges. This body of work presents improvements in three areas of high-pressure, high-temperature quartz memory gauge technology: calibration accuracy, multi-tool signal alignment, and tool autonomy estimation. The discussion introduces the response surface methodology used to calibrate gauges, develops accuracy and autonomy estimates based on controlled tests, and where applicable, relies on field gauge drill stem test data to validate accuracy predictions. Specific contributions of this work include: - Application of the unpaired sample t-test, a first in quartz sensor calibration, which resulted in reduction of uncertainty in gauge metrology by a factor of 2.25, and an improvement in absolute and relative tool accuracies of 33% and 56%, accordingly. Greater accuracy yields more reliable data and a more sensitive characterization of well parameters. - Post-processing of measurements from 2+ tools using a dynamic time warp algorithm that mitigates gauge clock drifts. Where manual alignment methods account only for linear shifts, the dynamic algorithm elastically corrects nonlinear misalignments accumulated throughout a job with an accuracy that is limited only by the clock's time resolution. - Empirical modeling of tool autonomy based on gauge selection, battery pack, sampling mode, and average well temperature. A first of its kind, the model distills autonomy into two independent parameters, each a function of the same two orthogonal factors: battery power capacity and gauge current consumption as functions of sampling mode and well temperature -- a premise that, for 3+ gauge and battery models, reduces the design of future autonomy experiments by at least a factor of 1.5.

During the operations of an agricultural tractor, front axle and front axle support encounter the worst load conditions of the whole tractor. If the design of these components is not verified by systematic engineering approach, the customers could face with sudden failures. Erkunt Agricultural Machinery Company, which is located in Ankara, has newly designed and manufactured the front axle support of its agricultural tractors. In this study, the design of 2WD (Wheel Drive) Erkunt Bereket Agricultural Tractor&amp / #8217 / s front axle support has been verified by developing a verification method, which involves testing the tractor on a special test track and field and together with the computer aided engineering analysis, in order to prevent such failures in the lifetime of the tractor. For this purpose, a strain gage data acquisition system has been designed to measure the strain values on the component, while the tractor is operating on a test track and field. The locations of the strain gages have been determined by simulating the selected design load cases through finite element method. Measuring the maximum strains for the front axle support that have been experienced by the tractor while operating, the stress values have been calculated and the design safety has been investigated considering the material&amp / #8217 / s tensile strength. Secondly, the fatigue life of the component regarding the acquired strain data has been predicted. These processes have led the company to verify the design of the front axle support.

Orientador: Aparecido Augusto de Carvalho / Resumo: Dinamômetros biomédicos são equipamentos utilizados para medir forças exercidas pelas mãos. Com o uso deste tipo de equipamento, é possível realizar avaliações biomecânicas das mãos de pacientes que após cirurgias, acidentes ou patologias osteomioarticulares, tiveram redução na sua capacidade de exercer forças com as mãos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi a implementação de um dinamômetro biomédico ergonômico, de fácil utilização, com capacidade de comunicação com diferentes tipos de dispositivos móveis, como smartphones e tablets. O projeto realizado se constitui no aprimoramento de duas versões anteriores de dinamômetros implementadas no Laboratório de Instrumentação Eletrônica e Engenharia Biomédica da UNESP –Campus de Ilha Solteira. Testes em voluntários utilizando o dinamômetro desenvolvido e um dinamômetro comercial da marca SAEHAN, e posterior análise estatística dos dados revelam uma excelente confiabilidade intra-examinador para o dinamômetro desenvolvido, com coeficiente de correlação intraclasse médio de 0,95 entre os diferentes grupos analisados, e de 0,98 para o dinamômetro SAEHAN. A análise estatística revela também uma excelente confiabilidade concorrente para as medidas realizadas pelo dinamômetro desenvolvido em relação às do dinamômetro SAEHAN, sendo de 0,93 para mãos dominantes e 0,92 para mãos não dominantes. Assim, o dinamômetro desenvolvido é confiável, válido e comparável com o dinamômetro SAEHAN quando adotados os mesmos procedimentos de exame de preensão... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Biomedical dynamometers are equipment used to measure forces exerted by the hands. Using this type of equipment, it is possible to perform biomechanical evaluations of the hands of patients that after surgery, accidents or diseases have had a reduction in the ability to exert force with their hands. The objective of this work was the implementation of an ergonomic biomedical dynamometer, easy to use, with ability to communicate with different types of mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets. The project carried out constitutes the improvement of two previous dynamometers versions implemented in the Electronic Instrumentation and Biomedical Engineering Laboratory at UNESP - Ilha Solteira. Volunteer tests using the developed dynamometer and a commercial SAEHAN dynamometer, and subsequent statistical analysis of the data revealed an excellent intra-examiner reliability for the developed dynamometer, a mean of 0,95 among different groups analyzed, and a mean of 0,98 for the SAEHAN dynamometer. The statistical analysis also revealed an excellent concurrent reliability for the measurements performed by the dynamometer developed in relation to those of the SAEHAN dynamometer, being 0,93 for dominant hands and 0,92 for non-dominant hands. Thus, the developed dynamometer is reliable, valid and comparable with the SAEHAN dynamometer when the same grip strength examination procedures were adopted. / Mestre

Submitted by DANILO PAZIAN PAULO (danilo.ifsp.bgi@gmail.com) on 2017-07-10T16:09:54Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Versão Final V1.pdf: 6668672 bytes, checksum: d517c07a2f6f08350724000e0f4d4b64 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Monique Sasaki (sayumi_sasaki@hotmail.com) on 2017-07-13T20:30:48Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 paulo_dp_me_ilha.pdf: 6668672 bytes, checksum: d517c07a2f6f08350724000e0f4d4b64 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-13T20:30:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 paulo_dp_me_ilha.pdf: 6668672 bytes, checksum: d517c07a2f6f08350724000e0f4d4b64 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-05-12 / Dinamômetros biomédicos são equipamentos utilizados para medir forças exercidas pelas mãos. Com o uso deste tipo de equipamento, é possível realizar avaliações biomecânicas das mãos de pacientes que após cirurgias, acidentes ou patologias osteomioarticulares, tiveram redução na sua capacidade de exercer forças com as mãos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi a implementação de um dinamômetro biomédico ergonômico, de fácil utilização, com capacidade de comunicação com diferentes tipos de dispositivos móveis, como smartphones e tablets. O projeto realizado se constitui no aprimoramento de duas versões anteriores de dinamômetros implementadas no Laboratório de Instrumentação Eletrônica e Engenharia Biomédica da UNESP –Campus de Ilha Solteira. Testes em voluntários utilizando o dinamômetro desenvolvido e um dinamômetro comercial da marca SAEHAN, e posterior análise estatística dos dados revelam uma excelente confiabilidade intra-examinador para o dinamômetro desenvolvido, com coeficiente de correlação intraclasse médio de 0,95 entre os diferentes grupos analisados, e de 0,98 para o dinamômetro SAEHAN. A análise estatística revela também uma excelente confiabilidade concorrente para as medidas realizadas pelo dinamômetro desenvolvido em relação às do dinamômetro SAEHAN, sendo de 0,93 para mãos dominantes e 0,92 para mãos não dominantes. Assim, o dinamômetro desenvolvido é confiável, válido e comparável com o dinamômetro SAEHAN quando adotados os mesmos procedimentos de exame de preensão palmar. / Biomedical dynamometers are equipment used to measure forces exerted by the hands. Using this type of equipment, it is possible to perform biomechanical evaluations of the hands of patients that after surgery, accidents or diseases have had a reduction in the ability to exert force with their hands. The objective of this work was the implementation of an ergonomic biomedical dynamometer, easy to use, with ability to communicate with different types of mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets. The project carried out constitutes the improvement of two previous dynamometers versions implemented in the Electronic Instrumentation and Biomedical Engineering Laboratory at UNESP - Ilha Solteira. Volunteer tests using the developed dynamometer and a commercial SAEHAN dynamometer, and subsequent statistical analysis of the data revealed an excellent intra-examiner reliability for the developed dynamometer, a mean of 0,95 among different groups analyzed, and a mean of 0,98 for the SAEHAN dynamometer. The statistical analysis also revealed an excellent concurrent reliability for the measurements performed by the dynamometer developed in relation to those of the SAEHAN dynamometer, being 0,93 for dominant hands and 0,92 for non-dominant hands. Thus, the developed dynamometer is reliable, valid and comparable with the SAEHAN dynamometer when the same grip strength examination procedures were adopted.

La mesure des déformations de la microstructure est importante pour l’étude des propriétés et le contrôle des structures. Nous proposons deux approches nouvelles de caractérisation de déformations nanométriques. Elles utilisent des nanoparticules (NPs) d’or déposées à la surface des matériaux. Dans la première approche, les réseaux de NPs sont déposés par lithographie électronique. Lors d’essais de traction uniaxiale dans un microscope électronique à balayage les images prises à de chargements successifs permettent de suivre le déplacement de NPs qui jouent le rôle de nanojauges. L’analyse des champs cinématiques obtenus à partir des images MEB révèle des phénomènes de plasticité au sein de la microstructure et les hétérogénéités de déformations. La méthode a été appliquée aux aciers inoxydables austénitique et duplex austéno-ferritique. Elle a été couplée à la technique de diffraction des électrons rétrodiffusés. Les mécanismes de déformations locaux ont été mis en évidence. Dans la seconde approche, nous essayons de tirer parti des propriétés optiques de NPs afin de suivre l’évolution de déformations à la surface des matériaux. Les NPs supportent un plasmon localisé de surface dont la résonance est fonction de la taille, de la forme des NPs ou de l’indice optique du milieu environnant. Sa position spectrale dépend aussi de la distance inter-NPs. Notre étude a été limitée à des polymères. Un dispositif permettant de réaliser les mesures d’extinctions au cours de la traction a été développé. Les premiers essais constituent la preuve expérimentale de ce concept / The strain measurement at the microstructure is important for the properties study and structure control. We propose two new approaches of strain characterizations at nanoscale. They are based on the use of gold nanoparticles (NPs) arrays deposited on the surface of materials.In the first approach, arrays of NPs are deposited by the electron beam lithography technique. During in situ tensile test inside a scanning electron microscope, the images of the array are progressively recorded. The treatment of these images gives access to 2D strain tensor components and NPs played the role of nanogauges. The strains at components of the microstructure and the heterogeneities of plastic deformations are evidenced. This method was coupled to the electron backscatter diffraction technique. The local deformation mechanisms can then be highlighted. In the second approach, we try to take advantage of optical properties of gold NPs to track the strain evolutions at the surface of materials. Gold NPs support localized surface plasmon that resonance is function of size and shape of NPs or of the surrounding medium. In addition, plasmon resonance also depends to NPs separation. We therefore sought to determine whether the displacements of NPs during tensile test may be monitored optically. The study was limited to the case of polymers. An experimental set up was developed to carry extinction measurement during a tensile test. These first tests constitute experimental proof of this concept. The spectral variations were analyzed to determine the performance of the optical strain-sensor proposed

No description available.