Cette thèse porte sur l'utilisation des GAI-Nets, un modèle graphique pour la représentation compacte de préférences, pour atteindre des fonctionnalités propres à un système de recommandation dans le cadre où l'espace d'alternatives a une structure combinatoire de grande taille. Typiquement, les systèmes de recommandation sur le Web utilisent des techniques bien adaptées au conseil d'articles fortement standardisés, tels que les CDs et les DVDs, mais impraticables dans un cadre combinatoire. Par ailleurs, les systèmes de recommandation pour le cadre combinatoire sont souvent fondés sur des modèles supposant une indépendance entre attributs qui assure la modélisation des préférences par une utilité additive. Les GAI-Nets permettent des interactions entre les attributs, étant ainsi plus généraux. Nos problématiques clés sont le choix et le rangement des kmeilleures alternatives. Nous étudions également le problème de la recherche de solutions de compromis selon des critères non-linéaires dans le cadre de la décision collective/multicritère, et aussi l'élicitation des GAI-Nets. Nous proposons des algorithmes adaptés à la résolution de tels problèmes et, finalement, nous construisons une application Web pour appliquer les techniques développées dans une situation décisionnelle concrète.

L'écran de télévision peut être perçu comme étant un miroir reflétant les climats sociaux et politiques d'une société. Alors, que représente concrètement le contenu de la télévision lorsqu'il concerne l'image d'individus marginalisés au sein de la société, comme les homosexuels? Dans un contexte hétéronormé, comment l'homosexualité est-elle représentée dans la télésérie « Les hauts et les bas de Sophie Paquin »? Quelle est cette représentation et comment s'inscrit-elle comme discours par rapport à l'hétéronormativité? Avec comme fondement théorique les travaux de Richard Dyer et de Michel Foucault, nous avons effectué une analyse de contenu et des discours de l'ensemble des saisons (4) de la télésérie québécoise. Nos résultats montrent que la représentation de l'homosexualité dans l'émission va au-delà de celle simplement libérale sans pour autant constituer un total contre discours par rapport à l'hétéronormativité. Ce portait offre un point de référence sur la représentation de l'homosexualité à la télévision québécoise.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-11-19Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:33:35Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 david_jm_me_rcla.pdf: 2539068 bytes, checksum: 1a12292fb1c96cbb38857041f4625157 (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / O estudo de bivalves da Formação Gai-As, Permiano, área de Huab, NW da Namíbia, indicou a presença de espécies anteriormente conhecidas apenas no Grupo Passa Dois, Permiano, Bacia do Paraná, Brasil, possibilitando o aprimoramento das correlações estratigráficas entre as duas bacias. A fauna da Formação Gai-As ocorre em intervalos estratigráficos bem definidos, um na porção basal e outro na porção superior. Em ambos, a deposição final das conchas ocorreu sob a influência de eventos episódicos de alta energia. As espécies encontradas no intervalo basal compreendem Cowperesia emerita, Terraia cf. altissima e Terraia cf. curvata, enquanto no intervalo superior apenas Huabiella compressa gênero e espécie novos, e Terraia cf. curvata estão presentes Os táxons sugerem correlação entre a Formação Gai-As e a porção basal do Membro Serrinha, Formação Rio do Rasto. Adicionalmente, conforme dados prévios de literatura, na Formação Gai-As, logo acima das últimas ocorrências de bivalves do intervalo superior, existem tufos vulcânicos, cuja datação radiométrica de minerais de zircão indica idades em torno de 265+2.5 Ma., aproximadamente no limite Wordiano-Capitaniano. Essas idades são muito próximas das recentemente obtidas para minerais de zircão de cinzas vulcânicas na Formação Teresina (267±17 Ma.) e no Membro Serrinha 266.3±4.6 Ma. da Bacia do Paraná / The taxonomic study of bivalve mollusks of the Gai-As Formation, Permian, Huab area, Namibia, allowed the identification of species previously recorded only in the Permian Passa Dois Group, Paraná Basin, Brazil, improving the stratigraphical correlations between both basins. In the Gai-As Formation, bivalve shells are recorded in two well defined stratigraphical intervals, in the lower and upper portions. In both cases, the final deposition of the bivalve shells was a result of high energy episodic events. The species recorded in the lower portion are Cowperesia emerita, Terraia cf. altissima and Terraia cf. curvata. In the upper portion there are Huabiella compressa new gen. and sp., and Terraia cf. curvata. These bivalve species corroborate the correlation of Gai-As Formation to the lower portion of the Serrinha Member, Rio do Rasto Formation. Additionally, according to literature, in Gai-As Formation, fallout tuffs deposited immediately above the last occurrences of bivalves of the upper portion, bear zircon grains, whose radiometric shrimp U/Pb dating provided ages of 265±2.5 Ma., equivalent to the Wordian-Capitanian boundary. This age is very close to that recently recorded from zircon grains found in ash-beds of the Teresina Formation (267±17 Ma.) and the Serrinha Member (266.3±4.6 Ma.) of the Paraná Basin

L'écran de télévision peut être perçu comme étant un miroir reflétant les climats sociaux et politiques d'une société. Alors, que représente concrètement le contenu de la télévision lorsqu'il concerne l'image d'individus marginalisés au sein de la société, comme les homosexuels? Dans un contexte hétéronormé, comment l'homosexualité est-elle représentée dans la télésérie « Les hauts et les bas de Sophie Paquin »? Quelle est cette représentation et comment s'inscrit-elle comme discours par rapport à l'hétéronormativité? Avec comme fondement théorique les travaux de Richard Dyer et de Michel Foucault, nous avons effectué une analyse de contenu et des discours de l'ensemble des saisons (4) de la télésérie québécoise. Nos résultats montrent que la représentation de l'homosexualité dans l'émission va au-delà de celle simplement libérale sans pour autant constituer un total contre discours par rapport à l'hétéronormativité. Ce portait offre un point de référence sur la représentation de l'homosexualité à la télévision québécoise.

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

Origin of the survey: During the latter half of the year 1921, Professor Paul Monroe, of Teachers College, Columbia University, working under the auspices of the Chinese National Association for the Advancement of Education made an extensive tour in China for the purpose of lecturing on educational administration, and making a critical investigation of the schools and higher institutions. Professor Monroe discovered many serious defects in the system of education, and pointed out with particular emphasis the weakness and inadequacy of the science instruction, and the urgent need for improving it.

Studien undersöker hanteringen av generativ artificiell intelligens i utbildningssammanhang bland lärare och elever inför att det kan erbjudas som ämne i svenska gymnasieskolor. Beslutet att kunna erbjuda ett AI ämne i gymnasieskolor har tagits från Skolverket. Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur generativ AI används i undervisningssammanhang vid Sundsta-Älvkulle gymnasiet i Karlstad och det tekniska Tullängsgymnasiet i Örebro, samt om införandet av artificiell intelligens som ämne skulle kunna bidra till ett gemensamt förhållningssätt och ett reflekterat användande hos eleverna. För att uppfylla syftet med studien utforskades tre huvudområden som utgör undersökningsfrågorna. På vilket sätt används generativ AI för närvarande i undervisningen? Vilka utmaningar och möjligheter finns det med att undervisa AI som ämne i skolorna? Hur kan införandet av AI som ämne påverka elevernas förståelse för användning av generativ AI som verktyg? Författaren av studien har valt en kvalitativ inriktad forskning genom att samla in material, studera tidigare forskning och utföra semi-strukturerade intervjuer där totalt 12 personer intervjuades, 3 lärare och 3 elever från respektive gymnasieskola för att besvara studiens undersökningsfrågor. Resultatet visar att användningen av generativa AI-verktyg förekommer både bland lärare och elever där majoriteten av lärarna anser att det underlättar i arbetet för att utforma lektioner. Elevernas användning är utbredd där samtliga elever använder generativa AI-verktyg. Lärarna ser ett behov av utbildning kring artificiell intelligens för att kunna stödja eleverna i att använda verktygen på ett reflekterat sätt och ser potentialen som det kan medföra i elevernas studier. I de två gymnasieskolorna finns det olika utmaningar när det gäller undervisning i ett AI ämne. Gymnasieskolan i Karlstad kommer att erbjuda ämnet höstterminen 2024 och vid det tekniska gymnasiet i Örebro finns redan ett AI ämne sedan tidigare. Studien visar att det finns utmaningar med att hinna implementera AI som ämne och utveckla den kompetens som krävs i Karlstad, kritik riktas även mot de behörighetskrav Skolverket tagit fram för att lärare ska få undervisa i ämnet. Att kunskaper för Sveriges elever är viktiga finns det en gemensam syn kring i de båda gymnasieskolorna och för att kunna skapa ett gemensamt förhållningssätt krävs det utbildningar om AI som är ämnesspecifika för lärare på gymnasieskolorna.

Many studies have investigated problems with the ability achievement discrepancy (AAD) method of diagnosing specific learning disabilities (SLDs). The definition of an SLD includes the presence of a deficit in one or more cognitive processing systems. Researchers in other studies found that the AAD method overdiagnoses English language learners and students from low socioeconomic backgrounds, and underdiagnoses students with cognitive processing deficits. Although SLD diagnostic methods have been widely researched, much less information is available regarding SLD diagnostic methods that predict important student outcomes, such as high school completion. The General Abilities Index (GAI) is an SLD diagnostic method that can identify cognitive processing deficits. This study examined the relationships between cognitive processing deficits and the GAI method, high school completion status, performance on state standards assessments, and SLD eligibility. Using a multivariate, nonexperimental design, this study analyzed 149 datasets from records of students tested for an SLD between 1996 to 2013. A GLM analysis found that several types of cognitive processing deficits predicted math and writing performance on the state standards assessment and predicted not being diagnosed with an SLD, while the GAI method failed to predict any relationship with the dependent variables. Positive social changes from this study may include improved SLD diagnostic practices and improved educational interventions that target the cognitive processing deficits. Improved educational outcomes for SLD persons may reduce the high rates of unemployment, substance abuse, and incarceration experienced by the adult SLD population.

This dissertation attempts to extend the classes of halogen-containing systems which may be studied using solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (SSNMR). As line shape broadening due to the quadrupolar interaction (QI) scales inversely with the applied field, high-field magnet technology is indispensable for this research. Combining advanced radiofrequency pulse sequences with high-field wideline data acquisition allowed for the collection of very broad SSNMR signals of all quadrupolar halogen nuclei (i.e., 35/37Cl, 79/81Br and 127I) within a reasonable amount of experimental time. The initial systems for study were of the MX2 variety (M = Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba; X = Cl, Br, I). In total, 9 anhydrous compounds were tested. The effects of hydrate formation were tested on 7 additional compounds. Systematic trends in the observed δiso values (and to a lesser extent, Ω and CQ) were found to be diagnostic of the extent of hydration in these materials. Resolving power was successfully tested using SrBr2, which possesses 4 magnetically unique sites. The composition of CaBr2•xH2O was convincingly determined using SSNMR data and the hydration trends noted above. The sensitivity of the QI to the local bonding environment (e.g., bond distance changes of less than 0.05 Å) was used to refine (when coupled with gauge-including projector augmented-wave density functional theory (GIPAW DFT) quantum chemical computations) the structure of MgBr2, and was used to correct prior NMR data for CaCl2 (earlier accounts had been performed upon a CaCl2 hydrate). During NMR data analysis of certain iodine-containing materials, it was found that standard fitting software (which uses perturbation theory) could not reproduce the observations. Proper analysis required the use of exact simulation software and allowed for the observation of high-order quadrupole-induced effects (HOQIE). This motivated further studies using rhenium-185/187 nuclei, where it was expected that HOQIE would be more dramatic. The observed rhenium SSNMR spectra possessed additional fine structure that had never been observed before experimentally, nor would be expected from currently-available perturbation theory analysis software. Lastly, preliminary results are shown where 127I SSNMR is used to study important supramolecular systems, and the composition of the popular synthetic reagent ‘GaI’ is elucidated.

This dissertation attempts to extend the classes of halogen-containing systems which may be studied using solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (SSNMR). As line shape broadening due to the quadrupolar interaction (QI) scales inversely with the applied field, high-field magnet technology is indispensable for this research. Combining advanced radiofrequency pulse sequences with high-field wideline data acquisition allowed for the collection of very broad SSNMR signals of all quadrupolar halogen nuclei (i.e., 35/37Cl, 79/81Br and 127I) within a reasonable amount of experimental time. The initial systems for study were of the MX2 variety (M = Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba; X = Cl, Br, I). In total, 9 anhydrous compounds were tested. The effects of hydrate formation were tested on 7 additional compounds. Systematic trends in the observed δiso values (and to a lesser extent, Ω and CQ) were found to be diagnostic of the extent of hydration in these materials. Resolving power was successfully tested using SrBr2, which possesses 4 magnetically unique sites. The composition of CaBr2•xH2O was convincingly determined using SSNMR data and the hydration trends noted above. The sensitivity of the QI to the local bonding environment (e.g., bond distance changes of less than 0.05 Å) was used to refine (when coupled with gauge-including projector augmented-wave density functional theory (GIPAW DFT) quantum chemical computations) the structure of MgBr2, and was used to correct prior NMR data for CaCl2 (earlier accounts had been performed upon a CaCl2 hydrate). During NMR data analysis of certain iodine-containing materials, it was found that standard fitting software (which uses perturbation theory) could not reproduce the observations. Proper analysis required the use of exact simulation software and allowed for the observation of high-order quadrupole-induced effects (HOQIE). This motivated further studies using rhenium-185/187 nuclei, where it was expected that HOQIE would be more dramatic. The observed rhenium SSNMR spectra possessed additional fine structure that had never been observed before experimentally, nor would be expected from currently-available perturbation theory analysis software. Lastly, preliminary results are shown where 127I SSNMR is used to study important supramolecular systems, and the composition of the popular synthetic reagent ‘GaI’ is elucidated.