My dissertation examines the role Russian literature translations played in the shaping of Argentine literature during the first three decades of the twentieth century. By examining the processes of selection, translation, retranslation, and adaptation of Russian works, it analyzes the ways in which translation participated in the redefinition of Argentina’s cultural and literary relations with Europe. Through comparative analysis of the originals and their translations, it traces how translation made Russian literature somber and tragic, and transformed its realism into a detailed copying of reality. It argues that such realism, which was imitated by the Leftist avant-garde group Boedo, that aimed to democratize literature, exposed the incongruence of any representation of reality, which helped the Florida group—the followers of the European avant-garde—to call for a different kind of realism, one that would expose the fiction of literature and reality. By examining the work of Macedonio Fernández, César Tiempo and Roberto Arlt, I trace how Florida’s parody of Boedo’s copying of Russian literary translations were crucial in the development of parody in Argentine literature, helped reinstate the parody and humor that had been overlooked by the translation, and paved the way for the Boom writers.

abstract: In the first thirty years of the XX century, an old literary visual tradition was reborn in a series of new striking visual texts better known as calligrams. They were produced by some avant-garde poets such as Vicente Huidobro, José Juan Tablada, Alberto Hidalgo and Carlos Oquendo de Amat in Latin America, and Juan Larrea, Guillermo de Torre, Francisco Vighi, Luis Mosquera, and others in Spain. However, with few exceptions, the interpretation of those written drawings has caught little attention from literary critics. This research, contrasted to that of Willard Bohn's, is a contribution to the deciphering of such literary art form, designated here as the figurative visual poem. It is a proposal for its visual reading which draws from the fact that this type of text is concretely a drawing formed by written verses. As such, it can be regarded as a plastic writing, combining pictorial and verbal signs in one perceptible configuration on the page. The result of this semiotic operation is a hybrid product in which the iconic forms become symbolic and vice versa. It is in fact, an art object which should be approached as a text that can be seen as well as read. The study leads to the conclusion that Willard Bohn misreads the order in which language and image are articulated in the visual poem identified with the second order semiological system proposed by Roland Barthes, placing preeminence on language over image. This results in reading the avant-garde visual figurative poem in an ekphrastic fashion. Consequently, the role of the image in the system is left in an ambiguous realm at the time of deciphering this hybrid text. Our contribution to re-conducting this undertaking has been equally drawn from a semiotic stance taken from Louis Hjemslev that balances language and image as correlates of a semiotic function. Due to the signaling nature of both, language and figure, a visual poem becomes an iconic metaphor as well as a metaphoric icon, and moreover a self-referential sign, thus justifying its status of an autonomous art. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. Spanish 2011

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Par sa systématique inclusion au sein de la programmation de salles spécialisées et ciné-clubs qui poussent nombreux tout au long de la deuxième moitié des Années Vingt dans les principales villes d’Europe, le film scientifique se trouve à jouer un rôle déterminant dans la construction de l’avant-garde cinématographique. Notamment en raison des techniques spécifiques qu’il développe, il peut revendiquer sa propre place dans la réflexion sur la spécificité du médium, tout en catalysant la définition de quelques concepts fondamentaux des théories esthétiques de l’époque. Pourquoi l’avant-garde est-elle si magnétiquement attirée par le film scientifique? Comment est-il possible que des films qui ne sont pas de l’art soient entrés, de façon programmatique, dans son horizon esthétique? Après avoir proposé une cartographie du film scientifique et avoir passé en revue sa réception esthétique d'avant-guerre, j’essaye une réponse à cette question, en proposant une  “taxinomie de la révélation” à travers laquelle l’objectif cinématographique, potentialisé par les techniques scientifiques, révèle aux avant-gardes les occurrences multiples de ce que Walter Benjamin appellera dans ces mêmes années l’inconscient optique. Cette taxinomie suit deux axes, dont le premier est dédié au Janus constitué du ralenti et de l’accéléré, qui foudroient l’avant-garde en raison de leur capacité à modifier la temporalité en travaillant sur la cadence variable de l’échantillonnage et de la reproduction des photogrammes, et le deuxième traite du rapprochement aux corps et est dédié au film animalier, aux prises de vues sous-marines, à la micro et radiocinématographie. / Systematically included in the screenings of film societies and ciné-clubs emerging in the late Twenties throughout Europe, scientific film took a pivotal role in the construction of the film avant-garde. In particular, through the special techniques that it developed, it carved its own niche in the growing discourse on medi­ um specificity, catalysing the definition of several key concepts of the aesthetic theories of the time. Why was the avant-garde so magnetically attracted to scientific film? How was it possible that films that are not art could have entered its aesthetic horizon in such a programmatic way? In the first part of the dissertation I propose a cartography of the scientific film, while in the second I review its pre-war aesthetic reception. In the third part I finally try an answer this question, by proposing a “taxonomy of revelation” through which the cinematographic objective, potentiated by scientific techniques, reveals to the avant-garde the multiple occurrences of what Walter Benjamin will call in these same years the optical unconscious. Avant-garde's investigation of the invisible through the powerful eye of cinema is twofold, so the first axis of this taxonomy is dedicated to the Janus made up of slow motion and time-lapse, two techniques that dazzled the avant-garde by virtue of their ability to modify temporality through the different speeds of filmed and and projected frames. On the other hand, since the avant-garde’s eye gradually gazed upon bodies – enveloping, penetrating, sectioning and x-raying them –, the second axis is dedicated to animal and underwater films, microcinematography and x-ray films.

The theme of the work is assessment of argumentation strategies used by Revue Devetsil (ReD) editors, eg in response to articles published elsewhere or other critical contributions - especially in the context of conflict of art and politics. In particular, the observed situations relate to cases in which ReD editors expressed their views on the evaluations of contemporary avant-garde movement. The content of the study is an analysis of argumentation techniques according to social viewpoint. Rather than formal stylistic means, the text is oriented to contents and context of the use of specific or repeated arguments, especially the position from which the message is being produced. At the same time, the work captures the communication traits and characteristics of the First Republic cultural journalism and the position of the Czech avant-garde at the turn of the 1920s and 1930s. The thesis is divided into four chapters and a conclusion. The first one presents the media landscape of the First Republic cultural journalism, the second chapter informs about Devetsil movement, third part focuses on presentation of the goals of the Revue Devetsil, the fourth chapter presents examples of argumentative concepts on the genre of the manifesto, the polemics and the theoretical study. The conclusion discusses...

Le recours à la privation de liberté, mesure de contrainte qui se caractérise par son affliction et la mise en échec de la liberté individuelle, doit être strictement encadré, pour empêcher la détention arbitraire. L’étude de la Constitution, de la Convention européenne des droits de l’Homme et des lois nationales, permet de dégager les droits de la personne privée de liberté, communs à l’ensemble des cas, indépendamment de leur nature et d’en dresser la théorie générale, organisée autour du droit d’être privé de liberté selon une loi dénuée d’arbitraire et du droit d’être privé de liberté sous le contrôle de l’autorité judiciaire, le gardien de la liberté individuelle. Ces droits assurent le respect des principes cardinaux, qui encadrent la privation de liberté : sûreté, légalité, nécessité, proportionnalité, dignité. La théorie générale relativise souvent leur portée. / Resorting to the loss of freedom as a measure of duress characterised by its affliction ans its defeating personnal liberty must be strictly framed in order to avoid unlawful detention.From the combient study of the French Constitution, the European Convention on Human Rights and the French domestic laws, emerges a bunch of rights attached to the person deprived of liberty and which should be guaranteed whatever the form of duress. Thus a tendency towards a general theory of unlawful detention exempt from arbitrary and under the control of the judicial Authority as guardian of personal Liberty stands out. This bunch of rights ensures the respect of the cardinal principles framing the deprivation of liberty : « sûreté », necessity, proportionality, dignity and legality. However the laying out of a general thoery on unlawful detention often leads to pu those rights into perspective.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-12-22Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:54:32Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 souza_j_me_mar.pdf: 1032367 bytes, checksum: 7cd86bb589df47589ac25eda5610af55 (MD5) / Esta pesquisa apresenta um estudo sobre a teoria de arte em Walter Benjamin e a sua proximidade com os movimentos históricos de vanguarda – sobretudo o dadaísmo e o surrealismo – relacionando-os com a arte, a política e/ou a revolução. A partir do estudo de dois ensaios benjaminianos: “Surrealismo. O último instantâneo da inteligência européia” (1929) e “A obra de arte na era de sua reprodutibilidade técnica” (1936), analisaremos os fundamentos pelos quais o autor considerava apenas estes movimentos como vanguarda artística. Esses textos expressam momentos diferentes do autor quanto ao seu entendimento do caráter emancipatório da arte e do uso da técnica. Nesse sentido, trata-se de mostrar em que medida o pensamento de Benjamin, fundamentado na “crise da tradição”, pode ser abordado a partir do movimento surrealista, da escrita automática e da mágica surrealista. Assim, o objetivo desta pesquisa é apontar algumas nuances do conceito de vanguarda, que elucidem aquilo que Benjamin chamou de Iluminação Profana e o seu uso para a revolução / Cette recherche présente une étude sur la théorie de l'art chez Walter Benjamin, et sa proximité avec les mouvements historiques d'avant garde – surtout le dadaísme et le surréalisme – en relation avec l'art, la politique et la révolution. A partir de l'étude, surtout, de deux essais de Benjamin, “Le surréalisme”. Le dernier instantané de l'intelligence européenne (1929) et “L'oeuvre d'art à l'ère de sa reproductibilité technique (1936) nous analiserons les fondements par lesquels l'auteur considérait seulement ces mouvements comme d'avant garde artristique. Ces textes expriment des moments différents de l'auteur quant à ses sentiments du caractère emancipatoire de l'art et de l'usage de la technique. En ce sens, il s'agit de montrer dans quelle mesure la pensée de Benjamin, fondée sur la crise de la tradition peut être abordée à partir du mouvement surréaliste, de l'écriture automatique de la magie surréaliste. Sous cet aspect, l'objectif de cette recherche est de montrer quelques nuances du concept d'avant garde, qui élucide ce que Benjamin a appelé d' Illumination Profane et son usage pour la révolution

Orientador: Robespierre de Oliveira / Banca: Arlenice de Almeida / Banca: Renato Bueno Franco / Resumo: Esta pesquisa apresenta um estudo sobre a teoria de arte em Walter Benjamin e a sua proximidade com os movimentos históricos de vanguarda - sobretudo o dadaísmo e o surrealismo - relacionando-os com a arte, a política e/ou a revolução. A partir do estudo de dois ensaios benjaminianos: "Surrealismo. O último instantâneo da inteligência européia" (1929) e "A obra de arte na era de sua reprodutibilidade técnica" (1936), analisaremos os fundamentos pelos quais o autor considerava apenas estes movimentos como vanguarda artística. Esses textos expressam momentos diferentes do autor quanto ao seu entendimento do caráter emancipatório da arte e do uso da técnica. Nesse sentido, trata-se de mostrar em que medida o pensamento de Benjamin, fundamentado na "crise da tradição", pode ser abordado a partir do movimento surrealista, da escrita automática e da mágica surrealista. Assim, o objetivo desta pesquisa é apontar algumas nuances do conceito de vanguarda, que elucidem aquilo que Benjamin chamou de Iluminação Profana e o seu uso para a revolução / Abstract: Cette recherche présente une étude sur la théorie de l'art chez Walter Benjamin, et sa proximité avec les mouvements historiques d'avant garde - surtout le dadaísme et le surréalisme - en relation avec l'art, la politique et la révolution. A partir de l'étude, surtout, de deux essais de Benjamin, "Le surréalisme". Le dernier instantané de l'intelligence européenne" (1929) et "L'oeuvre d'art à l'ère de sa reproductibilité technique" (1936) nous analiserons les fondements par lesquels l'auteur considérait seulement ces mouvements comme d'avant garde artristique. Ces textes expriment des moments différents de l'auteur quant à ses sentiments du caractère emancipatoire de l'art et de l'usage de la technique. En ce sens, il s'agit de montrer dans quelle mesure la pensée de Benjamin, fondée sur la "crise de la tradition" peut être abordée à partir du mouvement surréaliste, de l'écriture automatique de la magie surréaliste. Sous cet aspect, l'objectif de cette recherche est de montrer quelques nuances du concept d'avant garde, qui élucide ce que Benjamin a appelé d' Illumination Profane et son usage pour la révolution / Mestre

The submitted thesis concentrates on poetry of the Czech art group "Literární skupina", which was established in 1921. This thesis is divided into several chapters, in which the author interprets the poetry of single authors on the basis of several flag features. There are terms and motives of death and life as two inseparable parts of human being, religiousness and religion and shifting of the original meanings, further conception of an individual in terms of community. Another chapter deals with the motive of heart and reflections of sensibility and emotive involvement in interest of creation of "the new world". The last chapter displays reflections of "Literární skupina" by temporal critics and discussions between this art group and Prague avantgarde group "Devětsil". The author is interpreting the poetry in the context with expressionism, which meaning she feels in the wide word sense, not just as an artistic movement, but as a "stream", which goes through all spheres of human activity. From this point of view the group "Literární skupina" can be also seen - as an art group which was not distanced from expressionism, but on contrary in the beginning joined it via its speaker František Götz. The autor of this study analyzes the theoretical thoughts of "Literární skupina" which obviously in strong contrast to practical artistic gesture in poetry can be found.

Annotation This diploma work is centred on the Milada Součková´s poetry between years 1942 ? 1983. The opening chapter is devoted to thesis and to methodolohical demarcation of the diploma work. Next the work attends to terminological demarcation of the notion ?avant-garde?. Primarily features chosen vocabulary imtems then result from Vladimír Papoušek´s book ? Gravitation of avant-gard. The second chapter deal with confrontation tendency of avant-garde with artistic tendency in Milada Součková´s piece. The work then ask question if is adequate to talk of Součková in context of avant-garde. Then the work hints at the same problemms in the chapter three which is devoted to Milada Součková´s husband, Zdenek Rykr. Then this chapter deals with contracted interception of Rykr´s life and try to cut up the similar common tendencies in the husbands´s pieces. The chapter fourth focuses on three Milada Součková´s studies, written between 1954 ? 1964. There are the studies characterized shortly in the work and confronted partly with the Součková´s piece and life again. The closing chapter is devoted to Milada Součková´s poetry itself. There are presented the idividual garners in the subchapters, the garners are interpreted by authoress of this work, she captures common tendencies of Součková´s piece and the garners are confronted each other. She references to two poems published between 1938 - 1939 also. The claim of this chapter is then to cut up the metamorphoses or recurrent themes, motives in the Milada Součková´s complex piece on the contrary.