This thesis makes a new contribution to the field of corporate social responsibility in the area of corporate community engagement (CCE) and public relations in the area of organization-public relationships (OPRs). The thesis focuses on the Nigerian oil and gas industry community relationship in the Niger Delta region. This study provides valuable insights into how CCE works for enhancing stakeholder relationship and other desirable outcomes and thereby contributes to the growing body of knowledge on CSR in public relations. For the practice of CCE, this study reinforces the importance of relationship management as a viable and robust strategy that can bring long-term benefits both to organizations and society in general. A qualitative approach was adopted as it is considered appropriate for the research, which focuses on assessing stakeholders’ views regarding the relationship between oil and gas company and their host community in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. Also, exploring how the stakeholders juxtapose their understanding of the relationship determinants between the oil and gas company and their host community. Semi-structured interviews served as the primary source of data collection from various stakeholders during fieldwork in Nigeria. Secondary methods served a crucial but minor role and were used primarily for the purpose of the researcher as a tool to double check the interview findings. Thirty-five respondents provided their views and opinions concerning the relationship between the oil and gas companies and communities in the region. The study uncovered the importance of culture, social awareness, social identity, corruption, insecurity, mediation and weak institutional structures as crucial predictors of relationship determinants for the oil and gas companies during engagement with their host communities. Moreover, this study explored the research on relationship success determinants key constructs (i.e. control mutuality, trust, commitment and satisfaction) to a qualitative assessment. Also, the developed framework emphasised the need for using these factors for assessing and building a successful long term relationship. Another key finding was that there is a significant difference between how multinational oil companies (MNOCs) and indigenous oil companies (INOCs) engage with the community. This finding suggests that the INOCs have a better approach in the engagement of host communities.

This thesis discusses Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) techniques for formation evaluation in well log analysis for the oil/gas industry. We present the standard ingredients for NMR data processing and interpretation, and develop a methodology that extends the determination of surface relaxivity from the laboratory to the well site. The methodology consists of a processing algorithm for diffusion editing data, which enables surface relaxivity determination for conditions close to those found in well logging (regarding data availability and noise levels). At moderate noise levels, lower relaxivity values (below 10μm/s) can be determined solely from NMR diffusion data, while higher values (∼30μm/s) can be separated from intermediate ones. Application for actual logging data still requires some noise reduction techniques such as stationary measurements downhole or data stacking among different depths. However, it provides a way of converting T2 distributions into actual pore size distributions even for downhole acquisitions, before the samples get to the laboratory for routine analysis. Besides the logging analysis, we also developed a theoretical approximation to the diffusion equation with partial absorptive contour conditions, by calculating appropriate transition rates between cells in an arbitrary grid, allowing a simple methodology for obtaining the NMR data based on pore imaging. Calculated rates can in principle be used for modeling/understanding different diffusion phenomena, such as exchange between pores or relaxation sites. / Neste trabalho são discutidas técnicas de Ressonância Magnética Nuclear (RMN) aplicadas à avaliação de formações por meio da perfilagem de poços pela indústria de óleo e gás. São apresentados os conceitos básicos para processamento e interpretação dos dados de RMN, e desenvolvida uma metodologia para determinação da relaxatividade superficial em poço. O método consiste em um algoritmo de processamento de dados de diffusion editing, que permite a obtenção da relaxatividade superficial em condições próximas as encontradas na perfilagem de poços de petróleo (em relação à disponibilidade de dados e nível de ruído). Para níveis moderados de ruído, as relaxatividades mais baixas (menores que 10μm/s) podem ser determinadas através das medidas de difusão por RMN, enquanto valores mais altos (∼30μm/s) podem ser separados dos intermediários. Aplicações em dados de perfilagem ainda requerem técnicas de redução de ruído como aquisições estacionárias em poço ou empilhamento de dados ao longo de um intervalo de profundidades. Entretanto, o método possibilita uma forma de converter as distribuições de T2 em distribuições de tamanhos de poros ainda em poço, antes que as amostras sejam enviadas para o laboratório em análises de rotina. Além da perfilagem, foi desenvolvido também uma aproximação para a equação de difusão com condições de contorno absortivas, através de equações de taxas. A forma das taxas de transição permite o desenvolvimento de metodologias simples para obtenção dos dados de RMN através de imagens dos poros das rochas. As taxas de transição podem ser utilizadas também para a modelagem de outros fenômenos que envolvam difusão, como fenômenos de troca entre poros ou entre sítios com diferentes valores de relaxação.

Submitted by Joana Azevedo (joanad@id.uff.br) on 2017-09-22T14:33:10Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissert Talita Granzinoli Vellozo.pdf: 771210 bytes, checksum: 188a00b2dd976ec2831ba2169064f249 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Biblioteca da Escola de Engenharia (bee@ndc.uff.br) on 2017-09-28T13:11:14Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissert Talita Granzinoli Vellozo.pdf: 771210 bytes, checksum: 188a00b2dd976ec2831ba2169064f249 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-28T13:11:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissert Talita Granzinoli Vellozo.pdf: 771210 bytes, checksum: 188a00b2dd976ec2831ba2169064f249 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-07-05 / As empresas do setor de Exploração e Produção de petróleo e gás, cada vez mais estão incorporando a variável ambiental em seus processos, através da adoção de indicadores de desempenho ambiental. Esta pesquisa tem como principal objetivo analisar os indicadores de desempenho ambiental mais divulgados pelas principais empresas do setor, signatárias do Global Reporting Iniative (GRI). Para tal, foram avaliados seus relatórios de sustentabilidade ambiental para o período de 2010 a 2014, bem como estabelecidos critérios para a seleção dos indicadores a serem estudados. Com relação aos indicadores de desempenho ambiental mais divulgados, EN3 (Consumo Energético), EN8 (Total de retirada de água por fonte), EN16 (Total de emissões diretas e indiretas de GEE), EN20 (NOx, SOx e outras emissões atmosféricas significativas), EN22 (Peso total de resíduos, por tipo e método de disposição) e EN23 (Número e volume total de derramamentos significativos); as empresas, em sua maioria, apresentaram melhora em seu desempenho ao longo dos anos. O indicador EN22, bem como o indicador EN3, foram os que apresentaram os melhores desempenhos pelas empresas. Apesar da melhoria das práticas observadas pelas empresas, observa-se que o indicador EN20 apresentou os resultados mais desfavoráveis. Com efeito, a análise crítica, quanto à aplicação dos indicadores e das práticas de melhoria adotadas pelas empresas, auxilia na avaliação do seu desempenho e gestão ambiental, sendo possível a proposição de melhorias no que está sendo realizado pelas mesmas no referente a sustentabilidade, em seu aspecto ambiental. / The Companies of the exploration and production sector of oil and gas are increasingly incorporating the environmental variable in their processes, through the adoption of environmental sustainability indicators. This research has as main objective to analyze the environmental sustainability indicators most publicized by the major oil companies’ signatories of the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI). To this end, the environmental sustainability reports were evaluated for the period 2010 to 2014, and criterias were established for the selection of environmental sustainability indicators to be studied. Considering the most publicized environmental performance indicators, EN3 (Energy Consumption), EN8 (Total water withdrawal by source), EN16 (Total direct and indirect GHG emissions), EN20 (NOx, SOx and other significant air emissions), EN22 (Total weight of waste by type and disposal method) and EN23 (Total number and volume of significant spills); the majority of companies showed improvement in their performance over the years. The EN22 indicator, as well as the EN3 showed the best performance by companies. Despite improvements in practices observed by the companies, it’s observed that the EN20 indicator showed the most unfavorable results. Indeed, the review of the application of indicators and improvement practices adopted by companies may assist in the evaluation of its performance and environmental management, making possible to propose improvements being carried out by them in respect of environmental sustainability.

The diploma thesis is concerned with the issue of investments decision and capital investment planning. The aim of the thesis is to evaluate a possible investment in the underground gas storage Rožná. The thesis is divided into three parts. The first theoretical part deals with the characterization and terms defining in the field of investments decision. It also mentions the methods how to evaluate the effectiveness of investments decision. The second theoretical part discusses the strategic analysis of gas industry with the emphasis on using of the underground gas storages in the Czech Republic and in other countries within the European Union. The third part analyzes the effectiveness evaluation of the investment while applying the terms of both theoretical parts.

Oil and gas companies in Alberta, Canada lose millions of dollars per year due to ineffective management of retired assets. Ineffective management of inactive oil and gas assets in Alberta has led to over 80,000 inactive wells, highlighting the practice of prolonged deferment of asset end-of-life costs. Using the corporate sustainability model and asset management concept model as frameworks, this multiple case study was conducted to explore the strategies that asset managers in small- and medium-sized oil and gas companies used to manage retired assets effectively to increase organizational sustainability. The population for the study included 3 business leaders of small- and medium-sized oil and gas companies in Alberta who implemented effective strategies to manage their retired assets. Data were collected through semistructured interviews with the leaders and review of artifacts including firm documents and websites. Data were compiled, disassembled into fragments, reassembled into a sequence of groups, clarified, and interpreted for meaning. Methodological triangulation and member checking validated the interpretations. Data analysis resulted in 7 themes: responsible leadership commitment, adoption and communication of corporate social responsibility philosophy, regulatory compliance, asset management software tools, dedicated inactive assets and reclamation champion/team, annual budget/long-term planning, and performance measurement/reporting. The findings may contribute to positive social change by providing insights for small- and medium-sized oil and gas business leaders on strategies for managing inactive assets and for fostering an environmental culture among employees that has beneficial impacts on their families and communities.

University of Macau / Faculty of Business Administration / Department of Management and Marketing

Agência Nacional do Petróleo / O presente trabalho congrega duas temáticas de grande relevância para o estudo do Direito Internacional. A primeira delas é o Direito Internacional dos Investimentos, fruto dos intensos fluxos de capital e indivíduos ao redor do mundo e expressão de tratativas negociais e contratuais firmadas entre Estados hospedeiros e investidores estrangeiros, sendo estes dois últimos atores globais na consecução e efetivação do Direito dos Investimentos. A segunda temática refere-se ao direito ao desenvolvimento que, nascido em um ambiente de profunda e intensa discussão travada pela comunidade internacional, figura como direito multifacetado que abarca aspectos sociais, econômicos e ambientais. Nesse contexto de sustentabilidade e representatividade dos Direitos Humanos, a presente pesquisa procura demonstrar como essas duas temáticas podem contribuir para uma indústria de caráter essencialmente internacional, qual seja, a indústria do petróleo e gás natural. Com o fito de minimizar os impactos negativos causados pelas atividades de exploração e produção de óleo e gás nos países produtores, são aplicados os ensinamentos do Direito Internacional dos Investimentos e do direito ao desenvolvimento, chegando-se a alguns mecanismos que promovam o desenvolvimento nos países atuantes nessa indústria. Esses mecanismos são estudados sob a ótica do Direito Comparado e propõem uma estratégia de atuação, tanto para Estados hospedeiros, quanto para investidores estrangeiros, que permita garantir a harmonia na comunidade internacional, tornando indústria tão peculiarmente delicada e instável em um instrumento para a valorização do homem e do meio-ambiente. / This paper brings together two topics of great relevance for the study of International Law. The first one is International Investment Law, which is the outcome of the intense flows of capital and individuals around the world and expresses the consequences of contracts and treaties in force between host states and foreign investors. The second topic refers to the right to development, which came to life in an environment of deep and intense debate waged by the international community. The right to development represents the multifaceted right which encompasses social, economic and environmental aspects. In this context of sustainability and representativeness of the Human Rights, this research aims at showing how these two issues can contribute to an essentially international industry, namely the oil and natural gas industry. Intending to reduce the negative impacts of exploration and production of oil and gas activities in oil countries, the principles of International Investment Law and of the right to development are applied in order to reach some mechanisms that promote the development in the countries that take part in this industry. Such mechanisms are studied from the perspective of Comparative Law and they propose a strategy of action for both host states and foreign investors. That strategy is intended to guarantee harmony in the international community, turning this so peculiar and unstable industry into an instrument for the enhancement of both mankind and the environment.

CAPES / A indústria petrolífera utiliza diversos tipos de bombas conforme a natureza da operação ou a fase do processamento considerada. Entretanto, devido às condições nas quais opera esse tipo de indústria, óleo e gás podem ser produzidos simultaneamente, o que constitui uma questão de escoamento bifásico. A presença de gás em canais de bombas centrífugas prejudica significativamente o seu funcionamento, degradando a capacidade de elevação. As pesquisas relacionadas ao escoamento bifásico em bombas centrífugas centram seus estudos na avaliação da influência de condições operacionais, tais como a fração de vazio, rotação do rotor e pressão de entrada, no desempenho global da bomba. Essa influência, entretanto, é condicionada ao padrão de escoamento bifásico no interior do equipamento. Nesse cenário, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar o escoamento bifásico nos canais de uma bomba centrífuga mediante o comportamento de uma bolha isolada no meio líquido em rotação. Para isso, foi construída uma bancada experimental no laboratório do NUEM. A carcaça da bomba e o rotor do primeiro estágio originais foram substituídos por outros de material transparente a fim de permitir a visualização das bolhas no interior do canal do rotor. Em particular, pretende-se seguir o movimento de bolhas isoladas nos canais do rotor, como forma de identificar seus caminhos preferenciais, para avaliar suas velocidades ponto a ponto. Além disso, foi desenvolvido um estudo numérico como forma de obter as velocidades do líquido e pressão estática ao longo do canal, utilizando as posições das bolhas obtidas experimentalmente. Um modelo algébrico utilizou os dados numéricos e experimentais para calcular o coeficiente de arrasto e a força de arrasto segundo diferentes condições operacionais. / Electrical Submersible Pump (ESP), are quite common in the oil industry. Due to the nature of the oil production operations, multiphase flow of oil, gas and other fluids are present in reservoirs, pipelines and equipment, including ESP’s. Two-phase flows inside pump diffusers and impellers decrease an ESP’s lift and efficiency. Literature presents a large number of studies about the influence of operational parameters such as void fraction, rotor speed and inlet pressure, on an ESP’s global efficiency. Nevertheless, this influence is strictly related to the two-phase flow pattern. The present study evaluates the two-phase flow inside a pump diffuser and impeller by means of a single bubble flowing through the liquid mass. An experimental apparatus was designed and built at the NUEM facilities. The original pump housing and impeller were replaced by transparent pieces so that bubbles flowing inside the pump could be visualized. The path of the bubbles were followed so as to both define preference paths and to calculate bubbles velocities. Additional CFD analyses provided liquid velocities and static pressure through the pump impeller. An algebraic model fed with numerical and experimental data evaluated the drag coefficient and the drag force according to different experimental conditions.

Submitted by Dolores Teixeira de Brito (doloresbrito@terra.com.br) on 2016-11-10T01:40:39Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertation_Dolores_2016.pdf: 1510340 bytes, checksum: 812ca360631a36fc0b07ea8604353e10 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by ÁUREA CORRÊA DA FONSECA CORRÊA DA FONSECA (aurea.fonseca@fgv.br) on 2016-11-11T13:15:35Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertation_Dolores_2016.pdf: 1510340 bytes, checksum: 812ca360631a36fc0b07ea8604353e10 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-06T11:25:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertation_Dolores_2016.pdf: 1510340 bytes, checksum: 812ca360631a36fc0b07ea8604353e10 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-10-03 / Although Public Service Motivation theory (PSM) has been widely studied since Perry’s 1996 seminal work, including studies in different countries, there are still gaps in the literature regarding the emergence of PSM (wright 2008), its implications for public-sector employees recruitment and intake process, and its potential effects on job performance, particularly in an emerging country such as Brazil. In order to study public service motivation in Brazil, and its evolution from recruitment through retention, we carried a quantitative and qualitative research in a Brazilian regulatory agency, the Brazilian National Agency of Petroleum, Natural Gas and Biofuels (ANP), a public sector organization, and in a hybrid organization, Petrobras, an oil and gas company, a previously state-owned enterprise. Although Petrobras has now opened its capital and the hiring regime differs from public sector organizations, its capital is still majoritarily in the hands of the state and the agency ethos is still predominantly a public sector one. Therefore, this paper explores how the PSM construct, as proposed by James Perry (1990), applies to the Brazilian reality and suggests new elements for a new construct for a Brazilian PSM concept. Indeed, the data collected bears evidence that PSM as initially proposed in the cited study is not relevant to determine public service recruitment and entry motivation in Brazil. Values such as mission are not the reasons why Brazilian employees feel attracted to the public service. Nevertheless, once in the job, retention of such employees might result of a socially developed motivation and belief in the values regarding the mission of public organizations. This study also shows that the conditions of entry, as well as the progression paths before and after the recruitment are unique and peculiar to the Brazilian public sector entry mode. This study used a two-folded methodological approach: first, the author applied a survey to employees in both organizations using Perry ́s proposed survey instrument to test whether the PSM construct applied to the Brazilian case. Second, in-depth semi-strucutured interviews were carried out with employees in both organizations in order to collect data about specific features of motivation. This paper then concludes that the PSM concept must be redefined for the Brazilian case and that public service motivation is socially constructed on the job. Finally, the findings show that there is a unique dynamic in the Brazilian public service: given how competitive public examinations are, before recruitment, employees go through several competitive exams, erratically. They initially apply to very competitive and highly paid positions and, if they do not pass, they apply to lesser and lesser competitive positions until they pass. This characterizes a downward selection process. Conversely, once they have passed the examination, they start to compete for jobs that are higher paid, in an upward progression mode. Chosen jobs are not necessarily along the same profession lines. However, during the upward progression within the public sector, motivation and identity with the public sector emerges.

Submitted by JOSE ANTÔNIO SOUSA MEIRELES (sousameirelles@hotmail.com) on 2017-12-28T19:08:03Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação de Mestrado. Aluno José Meireles..pdf: 3381838 bytes, checksum: 1f287c8b24c09870efad7ab22183b607 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Joana Martorini (joana.martorini@fgv.br) on 2017-12-28T19:23:05Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação de Mestrado. Aluno José Meireles..pdf: 3381838 bytes, checksum: 1f287c8b24c09870efad7ab22183b607 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-12-29T11:55:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação de Mestrado. Aluno José Meireles..pdf: 3381838 bytes, checksum: 1f287c8b24c09870efad7ab22183b607 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-12-05 / O estudo trata do princípio da não cumulatividade do ICMS e a mitigação do exercício do direito ao crédito do imposto nas atividades da indústria do petróleo e do gás natural. O objetivo consiste em investigar o conteúdo, o sentido e o alcance da norma constitucional que veda à cobrança cumulativa da exação na cadeia econômica. As hipóteses desta pesquisa indicam que as restrições à dedução do ICMS decorrem da regulamentação ordinária e, por conseguinte, da interpretação e aplicação da norma estadual pelas autoridades fiscais, que, por vezes, têm o lançamento tributário confirmado nos Tribunais Administrativos e Superiores. A execução do trabalho, após o referencial teórico da pesquisa, inicia com a análise histórico-evolutiva da não cumulatividade, seguida do exame da doutrina especializada, da jurisprudência administrativa e judicial, das especificidades operacionais da indústria petrolífera e do direito tributário pátrio e alienígena, com destaque da Noruega e da Escócia. O desenvolvimento da pesquisa permite concluir que a norma constitucional da não cumulatividade, dentre as possibilidades jurídicas, assegura o direito ao crédito físico, conforme decidido pela Suprema Corte. Nessa direção, a pesquisa confirma a incompatibilidade do regime de crédito físico com os processos produtivos da indústria do petróleo e do gás natural. Por seu turno, a Lei Complementar nº 87/96 autoriza o crédito do imposto pelo regime financeiro, porém a ausência de definição expressa para o termo insumo demonstra ser uma das causas do litígio presente no âmbito infraconstitucional. As proposições jurídicas apresentadas pelo estudo para solução do caso adotaram como pressuposto a necessidade de regras de natureza nacional com vistas a assegurar a neutralidade fiscal, a uniformização infralegal e a unidade econômica do território brasileiro. / This study deals with the ICMS non-cumulative principle and the Tax Credits Mitigation in the oil and gas industry economic activities. This study aims to research the content, the meaning and the scope of the constitutional law which prohibits the cumulative collection of the state value added tax in the economic chain. In this Study, the hypothesis suggests that the restrictions to tax credits stems from each State regulation law and, therefore, from the interpretation and applicability of the law by the fiscal authorities who often have the ICMS infraction notice approved by the Higher and Administrative Courts. To do this, our analysis starts from a historic and evolutionary standpoint of the ICMS noncumulative institute, its specialized doctrine, its administrative and judicial case law, the business operational specificities of the oil industry and its Brazilian and Foreign law Tax fundaments, with reference to Norway’s and Scotland’s own tax laws. This research development allows us to conclude that the constitutional law regarding the noncumulative principle amongst all legal possibilities provides the physical tax credit right as ruled by the Supreme Court. Thus, the research ascertained the incompatibility between the physical credit regime and the productive processes of the oil industry. The Nacional Law n.87/86 in turn authorizes the financial tax credit right. However, the lack of definitions for the input term has been one of the causes for the initial legal disputes to remain unchanged, even after the infra-constitutional law (LC) has been in force. Ultimately, the legal propositions presented in the research results were based on the assumption that there is a necessity for national rules to ensure the fiscal neutrality, the legal standardization and the economic national territory unity.