Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T13:09:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 437736.pdf: 1457817 bytes, checksum: bdde27fe7d092198d722bf49a1924aa8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-06-15 / Franciscana (Pontoporia blainvillei) is the only extant representative of the Pontoporiidae family. This species occurs along the Atlantic coast of South America from Itaunas, Espirito Santo in Brazil to Golfo Nuevo, Valdes Peninsula in Argentina. The most important threat to the species is the accidental by-catch that in some places reached the number of 1000 related events per year. In recent years an increasingly number of studies had revealed the existence of considerable genetic variation along the geographical distribution of P. blainvillei. In this study, looking to collaborate towards a better comprehension of such existing structure, we analyzed new molecular data, including the sequencing of mitochondrial DNA control region and 11 microsatellite loci from 253 individuals along the Brazilian, Uruguayan and Argentine coast. For the mitochondrial DNA analysis, we added sequences previously deposited in GenBank, totalizing 512 sequences. Results obtained based on the two molecular markers revealed a clear differentiation of the species in three main groups: (1) Rio de Janeiro / Espirito Santo, (2) Sao Paulo and north of Santa Catarina, and (3) south of Santa Catarina, Rio Grande do Sul, Uruguay and Argentina. The study also shows alarming estimates in reference to the effective size of some populations, mainly from Rio de Janeiro/Espirito Santo which will probably reflect on its conservation status. These results supports the definition of the four management areas (Franciscana Management Area - FMAs) previously suggested by Secchi and associates in 2003, and point out the importance of this definition to the conservation of the genetic diversity of the species. / A toninha, Pontoporia blainvillei ? o ?nico representante atual da fam?lia de odontocet?ceos Pontoporiidae. Esta esp?cie ocorre ao longo da costa atl?ntica da Am?rica do Sul, entre Ita?nas, Esp?rito Santo e o Golfo Nuevo, Pen?nsula Vald?s, Argentina. A principal amea?a ? esp?cie s?o as capturas acidentais em redes de pesca, que em algumas localidades chegaram a atingir o n?mero de 1000 capturas anuais. Nos ?ltimos anos, um n?mero crescente de estudos tem revelado a exist?ncia de varia??es gen?ticas consider?veis ao longo da distribui??o geogr?fica de P. blainvillei. Visando colaborar para uma melhor compreens?o dessa estrutura??o existente, novas informa??es moleculares foram analisadas, incluindo o sequenciamento da regi?o controladora do DNA mitocondrial e 11 loci de microssat?lites de 253 indiv?duos ao longo da costa brasileira, uruguaia e argentina. Para as an?lises do DNA mitocondrial foram incluidas sequ?ncias previamente depositadas no GenBank, totalizando 512 sequ?ncias. Os resultados obtidos a partir dos dois marcadores moleculares revelam uma clara diferencia??o da esp?cie em tr?s grupos principais: 1) Rio de Janeiro/Esp?rito Santo, 2) S?o Paulo/Paran? e norte de Santa Catarina, e 3) Sul de Santa Catarina, Rio Grande do Sul, Uruguai e Argentina. O estudo tamb?m apontou estimativas preocupantes no que se refere ao tamanho efetivo de algumas popula??es, em especial ? do Rio de Janeiro/Espirito Santo e consequentemente ao seu status de conserva??o. Os resultados corroboram a defini??o das quatro ?reas de manejo (Franciscana Management Areas FMAs) previamente sugeridas por Secchi e colaboradores em 2003, e ressaltam a import?ncia desta defini??o para a Conserva??o da diversidade gen?tica da esp?cie.

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2018-09-25T18:06:32Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2013 - Nath?lia Virg?nia da Silva Ribeiro.pdf: 1961349 bytes, checksum: 43e989102153b88ad17a4eefb1e37f9e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-25T18:06:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2013 - Nath?lia Virg?nia da Silva Ribeiro.pdf: 1961349 bytes, checksum: 43e989102153b88ad17a4eefb1e37f9e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-07-24 / CAPES / The species Jatropha curcas, popularly known as physic nut, belonging to the family Euphorbiaceae, is currently regarded as one of the greatest potential of oil seeds for biodiesel production in the world. However, the knowledge of available genetic variability and productive behavior of the species are still scarce. This work is part of the Breeding Program of Jatropha curcas developed in UFRRJ, and its objective was know some morphological and productive aspects of 10 progenies of physic nut (Jatropha curcas), grown in greenhouse and camp up to 17 months old, selected from female parents belonging to the Germplasm Collection of physic nut (Jatropha curcas) of the Department of Plant Science at the Institute of Agronomy of UFRRJ. It is expected this study provide important information for the continued Breeding Program of the species in UFRRJ. The experiment was installed in October 2011 in greenhouse, and consisted of 10 progenies of physic nut arranged in experimental design randomized blocks with 3 repetitions, and 15 plants by experimental parcel. After 4 evaluation in greenhouse, the plants were transferred to the camp, here were done 6 evaluation, the last being in April 2013. In the greenhouse it was evaluated aspects related to the germination of the progeny and the behavior of young plants. In the first case, it was estimated germination itself progenies and the index of germination speed (IGS), and at the second, the size of the petiole (SMP), number, width and length of fully developed leaves, respectively, discriminated as NDL, WDL and LDL, insertion angle of the leaf (IALs), length relationship and width of leaf (LWL), height of young plants (HYP), stem diameter (SDI) and branches number (BNU). The obtained data were submitted to analysis of variance, mean test via DMS-t and correlation analysis. The coefficient of genotypic determination (H2), of genotypic variation (CVg) and experimental variation (CVe) were also estimated, and variation index (VIg). The mean germination percentage for Jatropha curcas species was 68,23%, and the mean index germination speed was of 8,60 seeds germinated per day. The progeny that reached higher percentage of gemination and higher germination speed were UFRRJ/PM05 (83,33 and 3,12) and UFRRJ/PM01 (83,33 and 3,38). Whereas the progenies UFRRJ/PM10 and UFRRJ/PM04 were the ones with the lowest percentage of germination and germinated more slowly. In the greenhouse was no statistically significant difference between treatments for the variables SMP, NDL, SDI, HYP, BNU, LDL, WDL. Only for LWL and IALs not statistical difference was detected signficativa. In the camp, it was evaluated variables related to morphological and productive. The morphological variables were: insertion angle of the leaf (IALs), height of young plants (HYP), stem diameter (SDI), of branches number (BNU) and the size of the petiole (SMP). Variables related to aspects of production were: fruit number (FNU), average fruit weight (AFW), fruit length (FRL), fruit width (FRW), weight of fruit of the crop (WFC), weight of dries seeds (WDS), seeds number per fruit (SNF=SNU/FNU), seeds number (SNU), seed length (SEL), seed width (SEW), average seed weight (ASW=GPR/SNU) and grain production (GPR= SNUxASW). All data obtained for each stage of treatment in this study were submitted to analysis of variance, mean test way DMS-t and correlation analyzes. Only for the variables related to morphological aspects considered the effect of season in the ANOVA. Were also estimated the coefficient of genotypic determination (H2), genotypic variation (CVg) and experimental variation (CVe), and the variation index (IVg). All variables (morphological and production) were subjected to regression analysis over the 6 collection periods. Was also estimated genetic the following parameters: genetic variance (?2g), additive variance (?2a), heritability of family means, within family, stratified mass and mass in the experiment. The estimation of genetic parameters was based on the last review performed in the experiment, not considering, therefore, the season effect. From previously mentioned analysis it was observed that all the variables related to morphological aspects showed statistically significant differences between treatments. As for variables related to production only FRW, AFW, SEL and ASW no statistically significant difference. Characters related to leaf morphology showed low coefficients of determination and variation index, while the latter parameters were higher for the variables HYP (83,24 e 0,64) e BNU (80,92 e 0,59), respectively, evaluated in plants in a greenhouse. Progenies with the highest mean branches number were UFRRJ/PM07 (0,49) and UFRRJ/PM08 (0,47). In the camp, the BNU variable had the highest coefficient of genotypic determination (84,16) and variation index (0,54) again. Variables SDI, HYP, IALs and BNU showed a linear behavior over the following months, only exception to IALs variable studied in the progeny UFRRJ/PM 10. Variable SMP proved oscillating in all progenies during the months evaluated. Regarding the variables related to production, the progeny had a different behavior between them. Therefore, the selection of these variables are not indicated when you want to increase grain production in physic nut. Only when considering the quantitative variables is that selection for increased production becomes more effective, for example, the selection of the seeds number. The variable branches number (BNU) was positively correlated with almost all variables in the greenhouse and all related to the production characteristics analyzed in the camp, therefore, this variable can be used in precocious selection for increased production in physic nut. The progenies UFRRJ/PM08 and UFRRJ/PM01 were the most promising in respect of seed production, but, evaluation over the years are still needed, as the plants of the experiment were evaluated in still too early to age, and then, physiological and experimental aspects may be being even more important than genetic factors. / A esp?cie Jatropha curcas, popularmente conhecida como pinh?o manso, pertencente ? fam?lia Euphorbiaceae, ? considerada atualmente como uma das oleaginosas de maior potencial para a produ??o de biodiesel no mundo. No entanto, o conhecimento da variabilidade gen?tica dispon?vel e o comportamento produtivo da esp?cie ainda s?o escassos. O presente trabalho ? parte do Programa de Melhoramento Gen?tico de Jatropha curcas desenvolvido na UFRRJ, e teve como objetivo conhecer alguns aspectos morfol?gicos e produtivos de 10 prog?nies de pinh?o-manso (Jatropha curcas), cultivadas em casa de vegeta??o e campo at? aos 17 meses de idade, selecionadas a partir de genitores femininos pertencentes ? Cole??o de Germoplasma de pinh?o-manso (Jatropha curcas) do Departamento de Fitotecnia do Instituto de Agronomia da UFRRJ. Espera-se com este trabalho fornecer informa??es importantes para a continuidade do Programa de Melhoramento da esp?cie na UFRRJ. O experimento foi instalado em outubro de 2011 em casa de vegeta??o, e foi composto por 10 prog?nies de pinh?o-manso dispostas em delineamento em blocos ao acaso com 3 repeti??es, e 15 plantas por parcela experimental. Ap?s 4 avalia??es em casa de vegeta??o, as plantas foram transferidas para o campo, onde foram realizadas 6 avalia??es, sendo a ultima no m?s de abril de 2013. Em casa de vegeta??o avaliou-se aspectos relacionados ? germina??o das prog?nies e o comportamento das plantas jovens. No primeiro caso, estimou-se a germina??o propriamente dito das prog?nies e o ?ndice de velocidade de germina??o (IVG), e no segundo, o tamanho do pec?olo (TMP), n?mero, largura e comprimento de folhas completamente desenvolvidas, respectivamente, discriminados como NFD, LAF e COF, ?ngulo de inser??o da folha (AIFc), rela??o comprimento e largura de folha (CLF), altura de plantas (APJ), di?metro de caule (DIC) e n?mero de ramos (NDR). Os dados obtidos foram submetidos a an?lises de vari?ncia, teste de m?dia via DMS-t e an?lise de correla??o. Tamb?m foram estimados os coeficientes de determina??o genot?pico (H2), de varia??o genot?pico (CVg) e de varia??o experimental (CVe), e o ?ndice de varia??o (IVg). A porcentagem m?dia de germina??o para a esp?cie Jatropha curcas foi de 68,23%, e o ?ndice m?dio de velocidade de germina??o foi de 8,60 sementes germinadas por dia. As prog?nies que atingiram maiores percentuais de gemina??o e maior velocidade de germina??o foram a UFRRJ/PM05 (83,33 e 3,12) e UFRRJ/PM01 (83,33 e 3,38). Enquanto que as prog?nies UFRRJ/PM10 e UFRRJ/PM04 foram as que apresentaram os percentuais de germina??o mais baixos e germinaram mais lentamente. Em casa de vegeta??o houve diferen?a estat?stica significativa entre os tratamentos para as vari?veis TMP, NFD, DIC, APJ, NDR, COF, LAF. Apenas para CLF e AIFc n?o se detectou diferen?a estat?stica signficativa. No campo, avaliou-se vari?veis ligadas aos aspectos morfol?gicos e produtivos. As vari?veis morfol?gicas analisadas foram: ?ngulo de inser??o da folha (AIFc), altura de plantas (APJ), di?metro de caule (DIC), n?mero de ramos (NDR), tamanho m?dio de entren? (MECc). As vari?veis relacionadas aos aspectos de produ??o foram: n?mero de frutos (NFR), peso m?dio do fruto (PFR), comprimento do fruto (CFR), largura do fruto (LFR), peso de frutos da colheita (PFC), peso de sementes secas (PMSs), n?mero de sementes por fruto (NSF = NSE/NFR), n?mero de sementes (NSE), comprimento da semente (CMS), largura da semente (LSE), peso m?dio de sementes (PMS=PSP/NSE) e produ??o de gr?os (PGP=NSExPMS). Todos os dados obtidos para cada tratamento nesta etapa do trabalho foram submetidos ?s an?lises de vari?ncia, teste de m?dia via DMS-t e an?lises de correla??o. Apenas para as vari?veis ligadas aos aspectos morfol?gicos considerou-se o efeito de ?poca na anova. Foram estimados tamb?m os coeficientes de determina??o genot?pico (H2), de varia??o genot?pico (CVg) e de varia??o experimental (CVe), e o ?ndice de varia??o (IVg). Todas as vari?veis (morfol?gicas e de produ??o) foram submetidas a an?lises de regress?o ao longo das 6 ?pocas de coleta. Estimou-se tamb?m os seguintes par?metros gen?ticos: vari?ncia gen?tica (?2g), vari?ncia aditiva (?2a), herdabilidades entre m?dias de fam?lias, dentro de fam?lia, massal estratificada e massal no experimento. A estimativa dos par?metros gen?ticos foi com base na ?ltima avalia??o realizada no experimento, n?o considerando, portanto, o efeito de ?poca. A partir das an?lises anteriormente citadas observou-se que todas as vari?veis ligadas aos aspectos morfol?gicos apresentaram diferen?a estat?stica significativa entre os tratamentos. Quanto as vari?veis relacionadas ? produ??o apenas LFR, PFR, CMS, e PMS n?o apresentaram diferen?a estat?stica significativa. Caracteres relacionados ? morfologia da folha apresentaram baixos coeficientes de determina??o e ?ndice de varia??o, enquanto que estes mesmos par?metros foram altos para as vari?veis APJ (83,24 e 0,64) e NDR (80,92 e 0,59), respectivamente, avaliados em plantas em casa de vegeta??o. As prog?nies que apresentaram as maiores m?dias do n?mero de ramos foram as UFRRJ/PM07 (0,49) e UFRRJ/PM08 (0,47). No campo, a vari?vel NDR apresentou novamente o maior coeficiente de determina??o genot?pico (84,16) e ?ndice de varia??o (0,54). As vari?veis DIC, APJ, AIFc e NDR apresentaram um comportamento linear ao passar dos meses, exce??o apenas para a vari?vel AIFc estudada na prog?nie UFRRJ/PM 10. A vari?vel MECc mostrou-se oscilante em todas as prog?nies durante os meses avaliados. Em rela??o ?s vari?veis ligadas ? produ??o, as prog?nies tiveram um comportamento diferenciado entre si. Todas as vari?veis ligadas aos aspectos morfol?gicos da semente (largura, comprimento e peso m?dio) apresentaram baix?ssima ou nenhuma variabilidade gen?tica entre as prog?nies estudadas. Portanto, a sele??o sobre estas vari?veis n?o s?o indicadas quando se deseja o aumento da produ??o de gr?os em pinh?o-manso. Apenas quando se considera vari?veis de natureza quantitativa ? que a sele??o para o aumento de produ??o torna-se mais efetiva, como por exemplo, a sele??o sobre o n?mero de sementes. A vari?vel n?mero de ramos (NDR) se correlacionou positivamente com quase todas as vari?veis analisadas em casa de vegeta??o e com todos os caracteres relacionados ? produ??o analisados no campo, assim sendo, essa vari?vel pode ser utilizada em sele??o precoce visando o aumento da produ??o em pinh?o-manso. As prog?nies UFRRJ/PM08 e UFRRJ/PM01 foram as mais promissoras no que se refere a produ??o de sementes, por?m, avalia??es ao longo dos anos ainda s?o necess?rias, visto que as plantas do experimento foram avaliadas em idade ainda muito precoce, e portanto, aspectos fisiol?gicos e experimentais podem estar sendo at? mais importantes do que aspectos gen?ticos.

Submitted by clediane guedes (clediane@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2013-09-18T15:49:17Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Disserta??o MB Gouveia_.pdf: 14110251 bytes, checksum: ae0c08f1d5019104e1ed7e0504a3948b (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by clediane guedes(clediane@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2013-09-18T15:53:13Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Disserta??o MB Gouveia_.pdf: 14110251 bytes, checksum: ae0c08f1d5019104e1ed7e0504a3948b (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-18T15:53:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Disserta??o MB Gouveia_.pdf: 14110251 bytes, checksum: ae0c08f1d5019104e1ed7e0504a3948b (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1992-03 / CNPQ / Neste trabalho objetivou-se verificar, teoricamente , a possibilidade de manuten??o de heterozigotos, em popula??es de plantas aut?gamas, na presen?a e na aus?ncia de sele??o dependente de frequ?ncia (SDF). Considerou-se apenas um loco com dois alelos. Utilizou-se a dedu??o alg?brica de formulas referentes a alguns modelos de popula??es e um programa para simular a sucess?o das gera??es em uma calculadora cient?fica avan?ada. Comparou-se os resultados do modelo com os dados obtidos experimentalmente por Allard e Workman (1963) e por Harding, Allard e Smeltzer (1966). Os coeficientes de determina??o foram 0,9653 e 0,9166 para a primeira e a segunda compara??o, respectivamente. Estes coeficientes indicam que o modelo D representa de modo bastante fidedigno as varia??es observadas em popula??es experimentais de plantas predominantemente aut?gamas

The topic of this thesis is focused on the testing of resistance of selected Brassica species to the black rot infection and viral mosaics caused by economically important pathogens of Brassicaceae family. The theoretical part describes characteristics of causal pathogens - Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc), Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) and Turnip yellow mosaic virus (TYMV), and summarize the current state of a resistance study of these pathogens in the Brassicaceae family. The thesis also describes modern molecular methods used for the detection of bacterial and viral pathogens. In the experimental part, the detections of Xcc, TuMV and TYMV pathogens were optimized by PCR and RT-PCR. For bacterium Xcc, the Real-time PCR targeting a part of the zur gene sequence was designed using a TaqMan® probe. This detection system was subsequently processed in the form of a certified methodology for use in diagnostics. To increase the specificity, Real-time PCR targeting zur gene was involved in the Multiplex Real time PCR reaction. Then the dynamics of the Xcc infection was monitored in 6 hybrid cabbage cultivars. The testing of resistance to the black rot disease was optimized by the procedure including artificial inoculations using the suspension of the Xcc isolates HRIW 3811, 3971A and 1279A and the SU1 isolate originated from the Czech Republic. In a four-year experiment, the total of 42 homozygous breeding lines and 4 hybrid cultivars were tested, where 5 lines were recommended for breeding for resistance to the black rot disease. For the detection of TuMV and TYMV viruses, Real-time RT-PCR approaches based on the TaqMan® probe and SYBR Green dye were tested. The target region of both detections was the coat protein. The TuMV detection has been optimized for SYBR Green approach; for the TYMV detection, the use of the TaqMan® probe has been recommended. Detection systems were used to evaluate artificial inoculations of 6 cabbage cultivars by individual viruses. The tested plants did not show visual symptoms of infection therefore the presence of viruses was evaluated by Real-time RT PCR. The system designed for TYMV detected the presence of virus in all tested samples, TuMV was detected only in two samples. Negative detection results are probably in connection with the absence of TuMV symptoms which indicates unsuccesful plant inoculation. For both detection systems, it was recommended the verification on a wider range of viral isolates prior to standard use in diagnostics

Bacillus subtilis is gram-positive soil bacteria. In its natural environment it is constantly exposed to changes of chemical and physical conditons, including changes of osmolality. It responds to high osmolality by transporting of potassium ions and afterthat transporting and/or synthetising of compatible solutes. In last years the mutant strain Bacillus subtilis L-42 was isolated with non-specific insertional mutagenesis (mini Tn10) in our laboratory. This strain displays limited growth and inability to cope with hyperosmotic shock in a defined medium with potassium concentration of < 1 mmol/l. Insertion of transposon was located in yxkO gene which encodes a protein of unknown biological function. Some other data also indicate a possible role of disruption of yxkO gene in regulation of expression of hag gene, which encodes flagelin - a pivotal protein of bacterial flagellum. The goal of this thesis was to clarify if the disruption of yxkO gene influences motility and whether is affected the transcription of hag gene. With integrative vector pMUTIN4 a mutant strain with specific mutation of yxkO gene was prepared. Vector was pasted into chromosome of Bacillus subtilis strain 1A839 - genotype of this strain allows to extrude the known transcriptional regulation of hag gene. Cell's motility was...

This study was aimed on analysis of polymorphism at position 2141 in exon 5 of the growth hormone gene (GH) and polymorphism at position 257 in exon 10 of the growth hormone receptor gene (GHR) and to determine the influence of these polymorphisms on meat tenderness. To analysis has been used 333 meat samples of Czech Pied bulls. Genotypization of GH and GHR loci was performed by PCR-RFLP. For detection of single nucleotide polymorphism in both genes was used restriction endonuclease AluI. To determine meat tenderness was used the method of measuring shear force by Warner and Bratzler. The shear force values of raw meat samples were measured at day 14 post mortem. Then was statistically evaluated the association between genotypes and shear force. In the study population occurred for GH locus 166 individuals with genotype LL, 161 heterozygotes LV and 6 homozygotes VV. The relative genotype frequencies were thus 0.499 (LL), 0.483 (LV) and 0.018 (VV). The frequency of L allele was 0,74 and of V allele was 0,26. For GHR locus was found in the study population 178 homozygotes AA, 105 heterozygotes AG and 50 homozygotes GG. The relative frequencies of genotypes were 0.535 (AA), 0.315 (AG) and 0.15 (GG). The frequency of A allele was 0,692 and of G allele was 0,308. Using statistical analysis revealed a significant effect of genotype GH gene on shear force, tenderness resp. (P<0,05). For GHR locus showed no effect of genotype on shear force (P>0,05).

Submitted by Ricardo Cedraz Duque Moliterno (ricardo.moliterno@uefs.br) on 2016-07-13T23:53:47Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Disserta??o final_completa_pdf.pdf: 1029289 bytes, checksum: 67d8eb9bd97c05071808a15be37032a8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-13T23:53:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Disserta??o final_completa_pdf.pdf: 1029289 bytes, checksum: 67d8eb9bd97c05071808a15be37032a8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-26 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / The objective of this study was to characterize morfoagronomicamente buffel grass accesses the active germplasm bank (BAG) of Cenchrus of the Embrapa Semi?rido checking the variability and efficiency of characters in carrier two consecutive cuts. We used 26 hits and 4 buffel grass cultivars in randomized blocks with three replications and with plot nine plants per access, taking as the central portion useful plant in the plot. The evaluations were performed after two cuts of the aerial part of Buffel grass, each evaluation was performed 90 days after each cut. The characterization of the accessions was based on 15 quantitative and qualitative morphological descriptors. Quantitative descriptors were submitted to analysis of individual and combined variance, considering the two cuts of treatment and then applied the Scott-Knott test at 5% probability. Qualitative descriptors were submitted to descriptive analysis. For divergence analyzes both quantitative and qualitative descriptors were grouped using the methods of Tocher and UPGMA from the Mahalanobis distance (D2). In addition, a dendrogram and calculated the relative importance of characters for the divergence. In the combined analysis, the effects of access and cutting were significant for almost all the features. This result indicates genetic heterogeneity among the accessions and the felling indicates mainly differences in management culture conditions and growth rate of each access in each mowing season. It was also observed significant effect of genotype x environment interaction at 1% probability for three descriptors (NPT, and LIN QIN) and other descriptors (APL, ECO, COF, LFO and CIN) these effects were not significant. The accessions were separated into two groups, the first consisting of 25 hits and 4 cultivars and the second composed of the access 138. The number of tillers / shoot, followed by number of inflorescence and color of the seeds were the most relevant characters in separation of access. / O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar morfoagronomicamente acessos de capim buffel do Banco ativo de germoplasma (BAG) de Cenchrus da Embrapa Semi?rido verificando a variabilidade e efici?ncia dos caracteres nos acessos em dois cortes consecutivos. Foram utilizados 26 acessos e quatro cultivares de capim buffel em delineamento em blocos ao acaso com tr?s repeti??es com parcela de nove plantas por acesso, tomando como parcela ?til a planta central dentro da parcela. As avalia??es foram realizadas ap?s dois cortes da parte a?rea do capim buffel, cada avalia??o foi realizada 90 dias ap?s cada corte. A caracteriza??o dos acessos foi realizada com base em 15 descritores morfoagron?micos quantitativos e qualitativos. Os descritores quantitativos foram submetidos ? an?lise de vari?ncia univariada individual e conjunta, considerando os dois cortes dos tratamentos e, em seguida, aplicado o teste de Scott-Knott a 5% de probabilidade. Os descritores qualitativos foram submetidos a an?lise descritiva. Para as an?lises de diverg?ncia tanto descritores quantitativos quanto qualitativos foram agrupados utilizando-se os m?todos de Tocher e UPGMA, a partir da dist?ncia generalizada de Mahalanobis (D2). Foi estabelecido tamb?m um dendograma e calculada a import?ncia relativa dos caracteres para a diverg?ncia. Na an?lise conjunta, os efeitos de acesso e corte foram significativos para quase todas as caracter?sticas. Esse resultado indica heterogeneidade gen?tica entre os acessos e quanto ao corte indica, principalmente, diferen?as nas condi??es de manejo da cultura e da velocidade de crescimento de cada acesso em cada ?poca de corte. Tamb?m foi observado efeito significativo da intera??o gen?tipos x ambientes ao n?vel de 1% de probabilidade para tr?s descritores (NPT, LIN e QIN) e para os demais descritores (APL, ECO, COF, LFO e CIN) estes efeitos n?o foram significativos. Os acessos foram separados em dois grandes grupos, o primeiro composto por 25 acessos e quatro cultivares e o segundo composto apenas pelo acesso 138. O n?mero de perfilhos/touceira, seguida por quantidade de infloresc?ncia e cor das sementes foram os caracteres de maior relev?ncia na separa??o dos acessos.

Probiotic food products - food additives contain different species of probiotic bacteria. Accurate species identification with their characteristics is very important from the view of products quality. Methods of DNA diagnostics are used for these purposes. In this thesis DNA was isolated from 4 probiotic products. The presence of bacterial of genus Lactobacillus and species L. acidophilus, L. casei, L. plantarum, L. rhamnosus were detected in three products by PCR. This information was in accordance with the data provided by the manufacturer. Two sets of primers were used for identification of species. Using other primers sequences of genes such as bsh, lai and odc were detected in DNA isolated from the products. Differences were estimated among products concerning the detection of lai gene Lactobacillus acidophilus.

[ES] La arquitectura de la inflorescencia determina la posición y el número de flores (y frutos) en la planta. Esto afecta a la forma de la planta, lo que contribuye a la diversidad morfológica e influye en la producción de semillas. Por lo tanto, comprender cómo funciona la genética que está detrás del desarrollo de la inflorescencia es relevante no solo para saber más sobre la biología del desarrollo de las plantas, sino también para la agricultura, con el fin de diseñar nuevas estrategias para la mejora de plantas. La mayoría de las leguminosas tienen inflorescencias compuestas, en las que las flores no se forman en el tallo principal sino a partir de inflorescencias secundarias (I2) en los flancos de la inflorescencia primaria o principal (I1). Esto contrasta con las plantas con inflorescencias simples, como Arabidopsis, donde las flores se forman directamente a partir del I1. El guisante (Pisum sativum) pertenece a la familia de las Fabaceae y al clado galegoide de las leguminosas y tiene una inflorescencia compuesta. Es bien sabido que VEGETATIVE1/ FULc (VEG1) codifica un factor de transcripción que especifica la identidad del meristemo I2 en leguminosas, pero aún se desconoce cómo y a través de qué genes VEG1 controla el desarrollo del I2 y las vías genéticas en las que está involucrado. En este trabajo, nuestro objetivo fue identificar las dianas regulatorias de VEG1. Para ello, comparamos los transcriptomas provenientes de ápices de inflorescencia del control silvestre (wild-type) con los de mutantes de guisante con defectos en el desarrollo de la inflorescencia: proliferating inflorescence meristems (pim - con múltiples meristemos I2), veg1 y vegetative2 (veg2 - ninguno de los cuales produce ni meristemos I2 ni flores). Usando este enfoque, hemos aislado algunos genes que se expresan en el I2 e identificado algunas posibles dianas de VEG1, entre ellas algunos genes que parecen prometedores para ser usados a modo de herramientas genéticas para la mejora del rendimiento en la producción en leguminosas. FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) es un regulador clave en la red genética del fotoperíodo que controla el tiempo de floración en Arabidopsis. En leguminosas, el clado FT se ha diversificado en tres subclados: FTa, FTb y FTc. En guisante,el gen FTc se encuentra distante filogenéticamente de los otros genes FT y tiene un patrón de expresión inusual, ya que solo se expresa en el ápice de la inflorescencia. En este trabajo hemos caracterizado mutantes ftc de guisante y los hemos utilizado para analizar las interacciones genéticas de FTc con DETERMINATE y LATE FLOWERING, que son los homólogos en guisante de TERMINAL FLOWER 1 de Arabidopsis. Este análisis ha revelado una función de FTc en el control de la floración y, curiosamente, también en el desarrollo del meristemo I2, estando esta segunda función posiblemente mediada por la regulación de FTc en la expresión de VEG1. / [CA] L'arquitectura de la inflorescència determina la posició i el nombre de flors (i fruits) en la planta. Això afecta a la forma de la planta, la qual cosa contribueix a la diversitat morfològica i influeix en la producció de llavors. Per tant, comprendre com funciona la genètica que està darrere del desenvolupament de la inflorescència és rellevant no sols per a saber més sobre la biologia del desenvolupament de les plantes, sinó també per a l'agricultura, amb la finalitat de dissenyar noves estratègies per a la millora de plantes. La majoria de les lleguminoses tenen inflorescències compostes, en les quals les flors no es formen en la tija principal sinó a partir d'inflorescències secundàries (I2) en els flancs de la inflorescència primària o principal (I1). Això contrasta amb les plantes amb inflorescències simples, com Arabidopsis, on les flors es formen directament a partir de l'I1. El pésol (Pisum sativum) pertany a la família de les Fabaceae i al clade galegoide de les lleguminoses i té una inflorescència composta. És ben sabut que VEGETATIVE1/ FULc (VEG1) codifica un factor de transcripció que especifica la identitat del meristemo I2 en lleguminoses, però encara es desconeix com i a través de quins gens VEG1 controla el desenvolupament de l'I2 i les vies genètiques en les quals està involucrat. En aquest treball, el nostre objectiu va ser identificar les dianes reguladores de VEG1. Per a això, comparem els transcriptomas provinents d'àpexs d'inflorescència del control silvestre (wild-type) amb els de mutants de pésol amb defectes en el desenvolupament de la inflorescència: proliferating inflorescence meristems (pim - amb múltiples meristemos I2), veg1 i vegetative2 (veg2 - cap dels quals produeix ni meristemos I2 ni flors). Usant aquest enfocament, hem aïllat alguns gens que s'expressen en l'I2 i identificat algunes possibles dianes de VEG1, entre elles alguns gens que semblen prometedors per a ser usats a manera d'eines genètiques per a la millora del rendiment en la producció en lleguminoses. FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) és un regulador clau en la xarxa genètica del fotoperíode que controla el temps de floració en Arabidopsis. En lleguminoses, el clade FT s'ha diversificat en tres subclades: FTa, FTb i FTc. En pésol, el gen FTc es troba distant filogenéticamente dels altres gens FT i té un patró d'expressió inusual, ja que només s'expressa en l'àpex de la inflorescència. En aquest treball hem caracteritzat mutants ftc de pésol i els hem utilitzats per a analitzar les interaccions genètiques de FTc amb DETERMINATE i LATE FLOWERING, que són els homòlegs en pésol de TERMINAL FLOWER 1 d' Arabidopsis. Aquest anàlisi ha revelat una funció de FTc en el control de la floració i, curiosament, també en el desenvolupament del meristemo I2, estant aquesta segona funció possiblement mediada per la regulació de FTc en l'expressió de VEG1. / [EN] Inflorescence architecture determines position and number of flowers (and fruits) in the plant. This affects plant shape, contributing to morphological diversity, and also influences seed yield. Therefore, understanding the genetics behind inflorescence development is relevant not only to plant developmental biology but also to agriculture, to design new breeding strategies. Most legumes have compound inflorescences, in which the flowers do not form on the main stem but from secondary inflorescences (I2) at the flanks of the main primary inflorescence (I1). This is in contrast to plants with simple inflorescences, such as Arabidopsis, where the flowers directly form at the I1. Pea (Pisum sativum) belongs to the Fabaceae family and the galegoid clade of legumes and has a compound inflorescence. It is well known that VEGETATIVE1/ FULc (VEG1) encodes a transcription factor that specifies the identity of the I2 meristem in legumes, but it is still unknown how and through which genes VEG1 controls I2 development and the genetic pathways in which it is involved. In this work, we aimed to identify regulatory targets of VEG1. For that, we compared the transcriptomes of inflorescence apices from wild type and pea mutants with defects in inflorescence development: proliferating inflorescence meristems (pim - with multiple I2 meristems), veg1 and vegetative2 (veg2), none of which produce neither I2 meristems nor flowers). Using this approach, we have isolated I2-expressed meristem genes and identified some possible targets of VEG1, among them some genes that seem promising tools to improve yield in legumes. FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) is a key regulator of the photoperiod inductive pathway that controls flowering time in Arabidopsis. In legumes, the FT clade has diversified into three subclades: FTa, FTb and FTc. Pea FTc is distant phylogenetically from the other FTs and has an unusual expression pattern, being expressed only at the inflorescence apex. In this work we have characterized pea ftc mutants and used them to analyze the genetic interactions of FTc with DETERMINATE and LATE FLOWERING, pea homologues of TERMINAL FLOWER 1 of Arabidopsis. This analysis has revealed a function of FTc in the control of flowering and, interestingly, of I2 meristem development, this second function being possibly mediated through FTc regulation of VEG1 expression. / Serra Picó, MP. (2022). New Insights into Pea Compound Inflorescence Development: Role of FTc and VEGETATIVE1 as Regulatory Factors [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/181299

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T14:12:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 401333.pdf: 3407812 bytes, checksum: f2d36af6ae14c8245b412f77f6216d03 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-03-14 / Esse trabalho ? um estudo de caso sobre ensino de Gen?tica. O seu objetivo foi, a partir de reflex?es fundamentadas na Teoria dos Campos Conceituais (TCC) de Vergnaud identificar as dificuldades no ensino de Gen?tica e as poss?veis contribui??es de metodologias usando recursos interativos para a aprendizagem desse campo conceitual. Analisaram-se vari?veis, nos bancos de dados do INEP como exemplo, ?ndice de reprova??o, evas?o escolar, a exist?ncia de laborat?rios de inform?tica, laborat?rio de ci?ncias, biblioteca, entre outras a fim de contextualizar as condi??es de oferta da educa??o b?sica. O levantamento na base de dados do INEP revelou altas taxas de reprova??o e evas?o escolar e a insufici?ncia de recursos materiais e humanos para atender a demanda na rede p?blica e privada de educa??o. Constatou-se principalmente a car?ncia de professores para ministrarem as disciplinas de Ci?ncias (Qu?mica, F?sica e Biologia). Para realizar o estudo de caso delimitou-se o ensino de Gen?tica pela sua import?ncia no conhecimento cient?fico atual e, do ponto de vista did?tico, a exist?ncia de dificuldades apresentadas por estudantes conforme referencial te?rico estudado. A partir de uma pesquisa na internet a fontes id?neas, organizou-se um quadro de estrat?gias interativas e fact?veis para o ensino de Gen?tica. Como sujeitos dessa pesquisa participaram uma professora de uma escola privada de Porto Alegre, mestre em Educa??o em Ci?ncias e Matem?tica, e alunos concluintes do Ensino M?dio. A coleta de dados envolveu a entrevista dessa professora, que estava trabalhando os conte?dos de Gen?tica, observa??es de aulas e an?lise dos exerc?cios resolvidos pelos alunos. A an?lise dos dados foi feita por meio de uma abordagem qualitativa, textual discursiva e interpretativa. Os resultados encontrados indicaram que os alunos apresentam dificuldades no campo conceitual da Gen?tica, coerentes com as referidas pelos autores que fundamentaram este trabalho.