Nakenhet och sexuella anspelningar är något som drar till sig vår uppmärksamhet. Genom historien går det att se tydliga skillnader i hur detta faktum skiljer sig mellan män och kvinnor i reklam. Studiens förarbete och teoretiska ramverk visar på att en av de kategorier där det är väldigt vanligt att använda en mer könsnormativ uppvisning av både män och kvinnor är parfymreklam, vilket således har lett till utförandet av denna studie. Studien utforskar hur mottagare ser på och tar emot väldigt könsnormativ parfymreklam samt, hur och om det skiljer sig mot hur de tar emot könsneutral parfymreklam.  Detta undersöktes i ett projekt där deltagarna, genom ett flertal fokusgruppsintervjuer, har fått analysera och diskutera flera olika annonser som alla presenterade skilda nivåer av könsnormativitet kontra könsneutralitet för att se vilket som föredras och sedan finna anledningen till varför. Projektets huvudsakliga mål var att skapa parfymannonser som speglade de olika nivåerna av könsnormativitet som skulle undersökas för att under studiens gång, omarbeta dessa utifrån de åsikter som framkom så att de möter mottagarnas förväntningar.  Det resultatet visade var att en begränsad mängd av könsnormativitet i parfymreklam är att föredra av deltagarna. Dock visades det att en del könsneutrala samt, väldigt könsnormativa reklamannonser också togs emot på ett positivt vis beroende på den känsla de utgav. / Historically nudity and sexual allusion have been a phenomenon clearly demonstrated throughout advertising. This project sets out to explore and discuss promotional campaigns deployed by the perfume industry when advertising typical gender stereotypes and whether that is preferred by the target audience. This study's preparatory work in combination with previous research asks the question; Is the usage of gender normative material preferred by the target audience and how do these traditional groups react to gender neutral material? This was investigated and tested through the use of focus groups where all participants were presented with several advertisements which varied in degrees of gender normativity and gender neutrality. Data was collected, analyzed and further discussion within the groups were held to ascertain which ads were more preferable and why. The main focus of this study was to help form a new understanding of participants' opinions and ultimately to explore new marketing avenues that would match more closely with recipient expectations.    The results show that, to a certain degree, gender normative advertisements are preferable in comparison to gender neutral and explicit gender normative material, despite some of the neutral examples being met with positive responses depending on the feeling they yielded.

This essay analyses and compares gender construction in Wuthering Heights by Emily Brontë and Jane Eyre by Charlotte Brontë. The focus is on the construction of the female and male gender of selected female and male characters. Using the knowledge that gender is highly dependent on the social and cultural environment and that family relations often impact gender, the aim of the essay is to examine if the two authors use similar methods to construct gender. Additionally, the aim is to analyse if the novels are critical towards Victorian gender norms. As feminist criticism specializes in gender analysis, this literary critical approach is used. Furthermore, additional information about the historical context was used to analyse and compare the novels. The comparison demonstrates that Emily Brontë and Charlotte Brontë mainly use the same methods to construct the female and male gender in their novels. It also illustrates that both novels are critical towards Victorian gender norms.

Research indicates nearly one-fourth of college women fall victim to sexual assault (Cantor et. al., 2015). Two predictors of high proclivity to rape are endorsement of rape myths and adherence to traditional gender norms (King & Roberts, 2011). Additionally, research shows school-based sex education in the United States presents gender and sexual norms in troubling ways that disproportionately harm women (Kendall, 2013). However, research on sexual assault and rape myths have not examined the impact school-based sex education has on rape supportive attitudes. This study aimed to bridge that gap by using original survey data from undergraduate students at a large public university. Analyses indicate sex education has an inconsistent impact on rape myth acceptance; additionally, seeking sexual health information online was found to significantly lower endorsement of rape myths. Study outcomes suggest that further research is needed to explore the relationship between sex education curricula and rape supportive attitudes.

<p>The aim of this investigation work " What was it called...Equality...? is to study a clinics current gender equailty plan from a gender approach and by a field survey see if, and in that case, how it can be improved. A connection between existing gender norms and gender power strukctures is applied in the results of this survey in order to illustrate their significance from an individual as well as a structural perspektive.</p><p>The survey has been carried through by a field survey as well as a discourse analysis as method. Yvonne Hirdmans gender power system is on of the main theoretical points of departure.</p><p>The results that I have achieved in this essay is that gender can be looked at in different ways within the labour market where women have the main responsibility over the family and are considered more nursing then men. Men on the other hand are thinking of their carriers and have higher salary requirements. Gender rolls and their maintanace are the reason of the existing gender segregation on the labour market. The importance of an increased knowledge of how gender is created and recreated within the organisation are necessary to make a difference and that knowledge are important for men as well as for women.</p>

<p>This research aimed to explore why the Imbizo Men&rsquo / s Health Project is successful in encouraging men to participate in an HIV focused intervention by exploring what the respondents perceived to be the essential elements required for the constructive involvement of men in health related HIV prevention programmes. It used the qualitative research method of six focus group discussions to gather data. The study population was participants from the Imbizo Men&rsquo / s Health Project. A purposive sample of 40 men aged 18- 35 years old living in Soweto were selected from this study population. The content of the focus group discussions was analysed to identify recurring themes and perceptions, and the key suggestions made by the respondents.</p>

This thesis aims to expand our understanding of the relationship between gender, sport and development. Specifically, it asks 1) how a sport, gender and development program is conceptualized and deployed by members of a young Somali-Canadian women’s group in Toronto, Canada and 2) if female participation in sport is thought to contribute to new gender norms, roles and relationships within such a diaspora community. Working within a postcolonial/transnational feminist framework, the thesis utilizes focus group interviews and engages with issues of power, representation and knowledge production. The findings shed light on the influences that have both informed and constrained this particular community initiative, as well as the possibilities and limitations of using sport to negotiate new gender norms, roles and relationships within the Somali diaspora. In conclusion, several recommendations are made to researchers and practitioners invested in the burgeoning field of international sport for development.

This thesis aims to expand our understanding of the relationship between gender, sport and development. Specifically, it asks 1) how a sport, gender and development program is conceptualized and deployed by members of a young Somali-Canadian women’s group in Toronto, Canada and 2) if female participation in sport is thought to contribute to new gender norms, roles and relationships within such a diaspora community. Working within a postcolonial/transnational feminist framework, the thesis utilizes focus group interviews and engages with issues of power, representation and knowledge production. The findings shed light on the influences that have both informed and constrained this particular community initiative, as well as the possibilities and limitations of using sport to negotiate new gender norms, roles and relationships within the Somali diaspora. In conclusion, several recommendations are made to researchers and practitioners invested in the burgeoning field of international sport for development.

The aim of this investigation work " What was it called...Equality...? is to study a clinics current gender equailty plan from a gender approach and by a field survey see if, and in that case, how it can be improved. A connection between existing gender norms and gender power strukctures is applied in the results of this survey in order to illustrate their significance from an individual as well as a structural perspektive. The survey has been carried through by a field survey as well as a discourse analysis as method. Yvonne Hirdmans gender power system is on of the main theoretical points of departure. The results that I have achieved in this essay is that gender can be looked at in different ways within the labour market where women have the main responsibility over the family and are considered more nursing then men. Men on the other hand are thinking of their carriers and have higher salary requirements. Gender rolls and their maintanace are the reason of the existing gender segregation on the labour market. The importance of an increased knowledge of how gender is created and recreated within the organisation are necessary to make a difference and that knowledge are important for men as well as for women.

<p>This research aimed to explore why the Imbizo Men&rsquo / s Health Project is successful in encouraging men to participate in an HIV focused intervention by exploring what the respondents perceived to be the essential elements required for the constructive involvement of men in health related HIV prevention programmes. It used the qualitative research method of six focus group discussions to gather data. The study population was participants from the Imbizo Men&rsquo / s Health Project. A purposive sample of 40 men aged 18- 35 years old living in Soweto were selected from this study population. The content of the focus group discussions was analysed to identify recurring themes and perceptions, and the key suggestions made by the respondents.</p>

Syftet med den här uppsatsen är att undersöka på vilka sätt köns- och sexualitetsdiskurser kommer till uttryck i sociala medier i relation till framställningen av kön och sexualitet i tv, och vad det kan bero på. Syftet är även att undersöka vilken betydelse meningsreproduktionen och diskurserna på sociala medier kan ha för användarnas föreställningar om kön och sexualitet. Frågeställningarna är: “Reproduceras köns- och heteronormer under hashtagen #paradisehotelse på Twitter? I så fall, på vilket sätt och vad kan det bero på?” och “Skulle interaktionen med tv-programmet Paradise Hotel via Twitter kunna ha någon betydelse för Twitter-användarnas föreställningar om kön och sexualitet? I så fall, på vilket sätt?”. För att uppnå syftet genomförs netnografi och kritisk diskursanalys av inläggen på hashtagen #paradisehotelse. För att sedan analysera resultatet och besvara studiens frågeställningar, använder vi oss av teori om nya och sociala medier samt kultur- och genusteori. Det material vi utför den netnografiska analysen på kom att bli ungefär 2500 Twitter-inlägg. Materialet avgränsas dock inför den kritiska diskursanalysen. Resultaten visar att skribenterna på #paradisehotelse reproducerar köns- och heteronormer i en stor utsträckning, ofta implicit. Detta sker genom att de manliga Paradise Hotel-deltagarna ges ett större spelrum än de kvinnliga i sitt agerande, utseende och sexuella anspelning, utan att de uppfattas negativt. Köns- och heteronormer kan reproduceras i skribentens försök att själv passa in i dem samt att man förväntas uttrycka sig om givna saker och på ett givet sätt på hashtagen. De få skribenter som uttrycker kritik mot köns- och heteronormer gör detta enbart i relation till tydligt könsstereotypa händelser i Paradise Hotel. Meningsreproduktionen på hashtagen skulle kunna ha en betydelse för föreställningarna hos de Twitter-användare som är passiva i sin mediekonsumtion, vilket resultaten tyder på då majoriteten av skribenterna accepterar och återger, utan reflektion, det normativa innehållet i Paradise Hotel. Konsekvenserna kan vara skeva värderingar kring vad som är “rätt” och normalt kring kön och sexualitet, vilket är normer som skribenterna själva strävar efter att passa in i för att uppfattas normala. / Aim: This research aims to investigate how gender and sexuality discourses are expressed in social media, in connection with how gender and sexualities are presented in tv, and what reasons that could be behind it. The aim is also to research if and how the messages on social media could affect the Twitter users’ ideas of gender and sexuality. The research questions are: “Are gender norms and heteronormativity reproduced on the Twitter hashtag #paradisehotelse? If so, how and what could the reason/s be?” and “Could the interaction with the tv-show Paradise Hotel through Twitter affect the Twitter users’ ideas of gender and sexuality? If so, how?”. Method/Material: The methods that are used in order to achieve the purposes of this study, are netnography and critical discourse analysis. The material consists of approximately 2500 tweets that are produced on #paradisehotelse. To analyse the results and answer the research questions, theories about new and social media, gender and culture are applied to the study. Main results: Gender norms and heteronormativity are reproduced to a large extent on the hashtag, often implicitly. This happens by the Twitter users accepting and celebrating the male Paradise Hotel participators’ manners, sexuality and looks, whereas the females mostly are criticized for these aspects. The reasons behind the reproduction of norms of gender and heterosexuality on the hashtag could be that the writers are trying to represent themselves as normal by pointing out when someone else is diverging from the norms, or that one is expected to express in a certain way and about certain things on the hashtag. The few writers that question the norms only do so in relation to extreme incidents of Paradise Hotel that are obviously characterized by gender and heterosexuality norms. The tweets could affect the ideas of gender and sexuality of the Twitter users that are passive in their media consumption, which the results tell us that most of them are, based on their reproduction of the normative content of Paradise Hotel. The consequences could be narrow perspectives about gender and sexualities – what is considered “right” and normal – which are the norms that the writers themselves are striving to fit into to represent themselves as normal.