Nos livros de L. Frank Baum cuja ação se desenvolve na Terra de Oz, as personagens femininas aparecem nas mais diversas funções, de protagonista a vilã, de fada a bruxa, de princesa a general, entre outras, sejam elas humanas, feéricas ou animais, desdobrando-se em diversos papéis e, desse modo, reproduzindo alguns estereótipos e quebrando outros. Diante desse campo fértil, o presente trabalho investiga as formas de representação do feminino empregadas na série, cuja primeira e mais conhecida obra é O Maravilhoso Mágico de Oz. Para tanto, a principal teoria a ser utilizada será a semiótica de linha francesa, com o suporte dos estudos comparatistas e dos estudos de gênero. Averiguamos se os livros da série de Oz trazem inovação na forma de representar o feminino. Como na própria introdução do primeiro livro o autor declarava escrever um conto de fadas moderno, investigou-se ainda a aparente diversidade na forma de manifestar o feminino em relação a outros contos de fada, como os de Charles Perrault e os dos irmãos Grimm. / In L. Frank Baums Oz books, a wide range of roles are performed by female figures: leading character and villain, fairy and witch, princess and general, among others, be they human, fairy or animal, thus reproducing some stereotypes while subverting others. In the face of such a profitable field of study, this dissertation researches female representation throughout the series, whose most renowned book is The Wonderful Wizard of Oz. French semiotics is the main theory underlying our study, aided by gender studies and comparative literature studies. We also sought to ascertain whether the first four books in Baums Oz series innovate in terms of female representation. As the first Oz book introduction asserted it was the authors intention to write a modern fairytale, it was also explored in which ways Oz books represent female characters differently from other fairytales, such as those by Perrault and the Grimm brothers.

The purpose of this study was to understand the reasons the four female participants decided to pursue electrician technician training, their perspectives of the apprenticeship program, their perceptions of successful employment in a male-dominated occupation, and differences in treatment based on their gender. The exploratory questions that guided the study were: what led the females to make the decision for applying to the electrician technician apprenticeship; what was the nature of the education and training experiences of the participants in the electrician technician apprenticeship program, what were the participants’ perceptions of being successful in advancement within the workforce as a female electrician technician; and what gender differences did the participants experience as female electrician technicians? The theoretical framework for this study is based on feminist standpoint theory (Harding, 1991, 1993, 1987; Hartsock, 1997, 1998a 1998b; Smith 1987, 1997). Data collection methods consisted of a demographics questionnaire, semi-structured interviews, participant journals, researcher’s reflexive journal notes, and electrician apprenticeship program data. The cross-case analysis generated five major themes: family support, independence, mentors, self-directedness, and gender stereotypes. These five themes included discussions of the micro, meso, and macro levels in a male-dominated occupation. Implications for practitioners and policy makers are described. This study contributes empirical research on feminist standpoint theory and females in male-dominated occupations. It also adds to the body of literature on female electrician technicians’ decision processes, which are rarely studied, and success in a male-dominated occupation.

This thesis deals with the position of men and women on the position of non-medical staff, namely on the position of general nurse. The aim of this thesis is, through questionnaire survey, to compare the position of men and women working as general nurses. Then, on the basis of gained results and determined hypothesis evaluate, if men are perceived same as women, whether their low number is caused by gender prejudices and if healthcare personnel and the general public want more men on this position. Theoretical part is devoted to gender, history of nursing, education and specification of general nurse's work and position of men and women in health care in the Czech Republic and the world. The research part deals with the analysis and interpretation of results from the questionnaire surveys designed not only for general nurses, but also for the public.

Masters thesis "Analysis of perception of gender roles" describes opinions of current society on status of men and women. The objective of the diploma thesis is to gain information about how people perceive gender roles and gender stereotypes. It is very important to discover whether today society still follow gender stereotypes. The theoretical part focuses on description of gender history from period of industry revolution to the present. Furthermore, it defines and deeply describes gender roles and stereotypes and indicates results of several researches that focused on gender issue. The empirical part analyses results of questionnaire survey which was discovering perception of gender roles on a conscious level of human. Second part of the empirical analysis, unstructured interviews and projective techniques, such as test of unfinished sentences and implicit association test, which examined perspectives on this issue in relation to subconsciousness. The conclusion evaluates and compares results of each method used in this paper and deduces verdicts specifically attitudes of current society.

In today’slabor market there’s a distinct sectioning between the sexes where some of the labors are seen as more manly, while other labors are seen as typically female. But if you were to compare todays situation with how it once was there a clear pattern showing that more women and men are working in a labor dominated by the opposite sex. The aim of this study was to investigate the wat women experience the demands and expectations placed on them in the construction industry. Our study will shed light on how women in the construction industry feelthey are treated by their male colleagues, the demands placed on them and which expectations their colleagues andmanagers have on them.The theoretical framework for the study consisted ofYvonne Hirdmann’s gender system (1998), Lena Abrahamsson’s theory of restoration (2000), Mia Hultin’s the glass ceiling (2003) and Charlotte Holgersson’s theory of homosociality(2003). The study was conducted with a hermeneutic approach where six women working in the construction sector were interviewed.The main interpretation of the study show that the majority of womenbelieve that they are treated well, but that there is a kinshipamong their male colleagues, which is difficult to penetrate.

This thesis is a critical analysis of the discourses used in online news headlines to reporttwo events that took place during 2018 Russian Presidential debates (on February 14,2018 and March 14, 2018) and focused on Ksenia Sobchak, the only female presidentialcandidate of the 2018 election. By analyzing 52 headlines published in Russia’s mostpopular and most read online news outlets, the purpose of this study is to investigatewhether there are any gender stereotypes used by the journalists to create a particularrepresentation of Sobchak, and to understand if, through this representation, a particularideology is put forward. The framework used to carry out the research is based onFairclough’s critical discourse analysis method combined with a sociolinguisticapproach influenced by Halliday. The application of this framework resulted in studyingthe three interrelated elements of discourse: sociocultural practices, which explore therole of women in the Russian political arena and put headlines under analysis into animmediate context; discourse practices, which focus on the peculiarities of online newsproduction, particularly headlines; and linguistic analysis of the headlines themselves,in which lexical choice, quotation patterns, and transitivity analyses were performed.The analysis revealed that headlines include hidden gender stereotypes, which alignwith Russia’s patriarchal ideology and which are used to represent Sobchak lessfavourably in comparison to her male opponents.

Titre de la thèse : Le paradoxe des stéréotypes de sexe reproduits dans les dispositifs d’insertion : effets sur les projets professionnels des femmes immigrées et issues de l’immigration Les projets professionnels des femmes immigrées et issues de l’immigration ont un sexe (généralement féminin). Ici le « sexe des métiers » (Amossé, 2013), est étudié du point de vue sociologique, dans deux dispositifs d’insertion, en tenant compte des trajectoires des bénéficiaires (en amont de l’entrée dans le dispositif), et des projets professionnels (avant entrée et au moment du parcours dans le dispositif). La thèse confirme que le sexe des métiers est connu, intériorisé par les bénéficiaires comme les intervenants des dispositifs même quand leurs discours sont égalitaires. Il arrive que le projet change en cours de dispositif, mais même en ce cas, il reste le plus souvent de même sexe (féminin pour les femmes). Cet aspect est étudié en mobilisant une démarche de sociologie principalement qualitative alors que les études existantes sur le sujet sont souvent quantitatives. L’étude menée montre également que la variable immigration a peu d’influence sur le sexe des métiers visés dans les projets professionnels des femmes (généralement féminin). En effet, les femmes non immigrées et non issues de l’immigration s’orientent, comme les femmes immigrées et issues de l’immigration, vers des métiers féminins, sans que les résultats obtenus justifient de les différencier de ce point de vue. Ce résultat confirme les études existantes qui en revanche, distinguent généralement 3 catégories sur le critère de la précarité : les femmes immigrées s’orientant vers les emplois les plus précaires, les femmes non immigrées et non issues de l’immigration vers les emplois les moins précaires et les femmes issues de l’immigration se situant de manière intermédiaire (Merckling, 2012). Toutefois dans les 2 dispositifs observés, le résultat est différent : il n’y a pas de différence entre les femmes non immigrées et les femmes issues de l’immigration, accueillies dans le même dispositif et qui ont des projets professionnels avec des niveaux de précarité similaires. En revanche, que les femmes immigrées, accueillies dans l’autre dispositif observé, s’orientent vers des métiers plus précaires. Pour l’expliquer, l’analyse montre comment les spécificités des publics (difficultés d’alphabétisation notamment) interagissent avec les différentes formes de prise en charge. Enfin, pour affiner l’influence de la dimension genrée sur les projets professionnels, la thèse analyse la manière dont d’autres variables interagissent avec elle, soit pour la renforcer soit pour la contredire. Par exemple, la non reconnaissance des compétences (diplômes, formations, expériences) des femmes immigrées renforce la dimension genrée des projets professionnels, en induisant un repli sur les compétences « naturelles » de genres (babysitting etc). D’autres variables atténuent l’effet de genre comme (parmi d’autres) l’effet des politiques d’adaptation au marché du travail local, qui peuvent aboutir à proposer aux femmes des métiers masculins, pour lesquels il existe un besoin de main d’œuvre non satisfait sur le territoire du dispositif. Mais même s’il existe des contre-exemples, ils sont présentés et vécus par les acteurs comme exceptionnels, donc ne remettant pas en cause le modèle genré dominant. / The issue of « gender profiled trades » (« le sexe des métiers », Amossé, 2013) is being adressed from a sociological viewpoint, in two job integration agencies, taking into account participants’ trajectories before thier enrolment and their work projects throughout the integration process. Using a qualitative approach, this research diverts from most studies on the subject which are quantitatively oriented. The present study reveals that « gender of work » is a marker internalized by both participants and their trainers in spite of their gender neutral discourse. Even as shifts occur in their work projects, gender orientations do not change significantly women’s preference towards typical female jobs. The study shows that immigration status does not impact deep-rooted patterns. However findings somehow differ from one agency to the other : in the former, both natives and immigrants shared similarities as they engaged in low level precarious jobs, while in the latter, only immigrants pursue such kind of trajectory. This outcome can be explained by certain charactéristics such as low level of literacy, interacting with differenciated forms of supervision and trainership. Further analysis is provided in order to explain those particular interactions in the production of gender profiled trades. In the end, even in the presence of counter examples, actors consider such instances as atypical, leaving uncontested dominant gender oriented job models.

La industria de la moda es la principal causante de la aparición de los estereotipos y de la invisibilización de la diversidad que posee el cuerpo femenino. Debido a esto se ha idealizado un único tipo de cuerpo y representado de una única forma. La búsqueda por un cuerpo ̈perfecto ̈ surge con fuerza a partir de los años 50, época en la cual Hollywood alcanza su mayor auge. En dicha época comienza a haber una mayor búsqueda de la perfección, la cual es desencadenada por la aparición de las actrices de Hollywood. Actualmente, la diversidad del cuerpo femenino ha adquirido mayor relevancia en el Perú. Sin embargo, aún existe la idealización y la búsqueda de un solo tipo de cuerpo ̈perfecto ̈ por la misma sociedad. Es por ello que la presente investigación tiene como objetivo general diseñar una colección a partir del análisis teórico y visual de la diversidad del cuerpo femenino. Este objetivo se centrará en representar la diversidad a través de las siluetas, formas y colores que posee este. Del mismo modo, se recopilará información a través de una entrevista realizada a un diseñador de multimedia, el cual nos proporcionará información relevante sobre el tema a analizar. / The fashion industry is the main cause of the appearance of stereotypes and the invisibility of the diversity that the female body possesses. Because of this, a single body type has been idealized and represented in a single way. The search for a ̈perfect ̈ body emerged strongly from the 1950s, when Hollywood reached its peak. At that time there begins to be a greater search for perfection, which is triggered by the appearance of Hollywood actresses. Currently, the diversity of the female body has acquired greater relevance in Peru. However, there is still the idealization and the search for a single "perfect" body type by the same society. That is why the present research has the general objective of designing a collection based on the theoretical and visual analysis of the diversity of the female body. This objective will focus on representing diversity through the silhouettes, shapes and colors that it has. In the same way, information will be collected through an interview with a multimedia designer, who will provide us with relevant information on the subject to be analyzed. / Trabajo de investigación

6 Abstract The presented thesis deals with the portrayal of female beauty or rather of how it was seen and what was believed to be the essence of it in the time of the first republic. The basic presumption I work with is that the ideal of beauty is culturally, socially and historically conditioned as well as is its appraisal. A goal of this paper is to analyze and to compare images of beauty described in woman magazines of the Czech production which were published during 20s and 30s of last century, a period in which the media already have been contributing to the creation and reproduction of normative femininity, stereotypes and standards of physical appearance significantly. Now the development of mass communication technology could lead to the spread of the ideal image of female beauty among the public and so in this way patterns of femininity became the part of everyday life in society. Key words: ideal of female beauty, body, beauty myth, gender, gender stereotypes, media

This diploma thesis is attentive to very low numbers of girls, studying at technically oriented secondary industrial schools. It examines the factors, which lead to the reasons why girls are not motivated to study at the schools of this kind, as well as factors which cause that they do enter these schools, such as their interest in studying technologies, their motivation in the form of their future professional application or the existence of patterns in the form of people who they imitate. In the theoretical part, which examines the causes of the absence of female students, the work criticises the claim that boys are more talented for studying technical disciplines, while girls excel in humanities. It points to ways of keeping gender stereotyped thinking, for example, a strongly rooted opinion, that little girls should be led to take care of children and other persons, housework, and professions which are an extension of their domestic roles into the public sphere. After this work identifies the risks and impacts of the absence of girls in technical fields, there are mentioned some procedures that should be introduced in the education of children in elementary schools, so that the children may not have to decide on their future field of study based on generally accepted gender stereotypes. Based...