<p>This dissertation examines how creativity can be of benefit for the school. It discusses if there is a need or demand for it and how the present situation is in Swedish schools. Defining creativity accurately is difficult but it is relevant to look at the environments that use creativity. There is a vast amount of literature that uses creativity and it varies to some extent. Creativity originates from meetings and combinations, both within and outside of the individual. The essay will show psychologists and pedagogs view on encouragement for creativity and it will especially study the art subjects in relation to the other ones in order to se what gains collaborations between them may bring . More thorough collaborations may be a good cross disciplinary structure in “projektarbete” (cross-cultural communication) which stimulates creativity in both education and within the school. Just as creativity is found in various environments the school benefits from studying the parts of society that uses creativity, to see what the expectations may be on the students in the future.</p> / <p>I denna uppsats undersöks hur kreativitet kan vara till nytta för skolan. Det kommer att diskuteras om det finns ett behov och en efterfrågan av kreativitet och hur det förhåller sig i nuläget med denna inom skolan i Sverige. Att exakt definiera kreativitet är svårt och därför kan det bli mer fruktbart att utforska kreativitetens användningsområden och funktioner. Det finns en mängd litteratur från skilda områden och den varierar en hel del. Kreativitet uppkommer ur möten och kombinationer, både inom individen och utanför denne. I uppsatsen nämns också ett antal psykologers och pedagogers syn på uppmuntran till kreativitet. Särskilt diskuteras de estetiska ämnena i relation till de övriga för att se vilka förtjänster ett samarbete kan ge. Vidare visar sig samarbeten genom exempelvis projektarbete vara en bra tvärvetenskaplig företeelse som kan stimulera kreativitet i undervisningen och i skolan. Liksom kreativitet återfinns i skilda områden så kan skolan ha nytta av att se hur olika delar av samhället använder sig av kreativitet, och för att se vilka förväntningar som kan komma att ställas på eleverna i framtiden.</p>

This dissertation examines how creativity can be of benefit for the school. It discusses if there is a need or demand for it and how the present situation is in Swedish schools. Defining creativity accurately is difficult but it is relevant to look at the environments that use creativity. There is a vast amount of literature that uses creativity and it varies to some extent. Creativity originates from meetings and combinations, both within and outside of the individual. The essay will show psychologists and pedagogs view on encouragement for creativity and it will especially study the art subjects in relation to the other ones in order to se what gains collaborations between them may bring . More thorough collaborations may be a good cross disciplinary structure in “projektarbete” (cross-cultural communication) which stimulates creativity in both education and within the school. Just as creativity is found in various environments the school benefits from studying the parts of society that uses creativity, to see what the expectations may be on the students in the future. / I denna uppsats undersöks hur kreativitet kan vara till nytta för skolan. Det kommer att diskuteras om det finns ett behov och en efterfrågan av kreativitet och hur det förhåller sig i nuläget med denna inom skolan i Sverige. Att exakt definiera kreativitet är svårt och därför kan det bli mer fruktbart att utforska kreativitetens användningsområden och funktioner. Det finns en mängd litteratur från skilda områden och den varierar en hel del. Kreativitet uppkommer ur möten och kombinationer, både inom individen och utanför denne. I uppsatsen nämns också ett antal psykologers och pedagogers syn på uppmuntran till kreativitet. Särskilt diskuteras de estetiska ämnena i relation till de övriga för att se vilka förtjänster ett samarbete kan ge. Vidare visar sig samarbeten genom exempelvis projektarbete vara en bra tvärvetenskaplig företeelse som kan stimulera kreativitet i undervisningen och i skolan. Liksom kreativitet återfinns i skilda områden så kan skolan ha nytta av att se hur olika delar av samhället använder sig av kreativitet, och för att se vilka förväntningar som kan komma att ställas på eleverna i framtiden.

le antocianine sono una classe di metaboliti secondari nelle piante, appartenenti ai flavonoidi, categoria di molecole antiossidanti utili per la salute di piante, animali e umana. Sono ampiamente studiati nelle Leguminosae poiché implicati in numerose funzioni fisiologiche. In questa tesi, due wild-types e cinque mutanti di Medicago truncatula, coinvolti nel metabolismo dei flavonoidi, sono stati caratterizzati a livello fenotipico, fisiologico e molecolare. La principale differenza tra i wild-type e i mutanti è la riduzione del contenuto di antocianine nelle foglie. In seguito all'esposizione alle radiazioni UV-B, è stata analizzata la loro risposta, evidenziando un diverso comportamento. Inoltre, il metabolismo delle antocianine è stato studiato anche a livello di regolazione genica e un nuovo gene myb è stato isolato e caratterizzato, risultando più espresso nei tessuti che accumulano antocianine. / Anthocyanins are secondary metabolites in plants. They belong to a class of flavonoids synthesized via the phenylpropanoid pathway and they are antioxidant molecules important for plant, animal and human health. Flavonoids are widely studied in legume because they are implicated in several biological and physiological functions. In this thesis seven genotypes (two wild-types and five indipendent mutants) of Medicago truncatula (the model legume plant) affected in flavonoid metabolism have been characterized at phenotypic, physiological and molecular level. The main difference between wild-types and mutants, is the reduction in anthocyanin content in leaves. The anthocyanin accumulation during the leaf life, the flowering time and the fruit formation have been registered and compared. The two wild-types contain 6 μg cyanidin.mg-1 of fresh weight, while in the mutants the anthocyanin amount ranged from 0.12 μg cyanidin mg-1 to 2 μg cyanidin mg-1 of fresh weight. After HPLC-DAD-MS/MS analysis, the main anthocyanin present in the two wild-types is the cyanidin-3-O feruloyl. The Expression profile of genes codifying enzymes and transcriptional factor involved in flavonoid biosynthesis has been investigated. RT-PCR and qPCR results show different possible pathways of reduction of anthocyanins in the five mutants. These mutants, have been exposed to UV-B radiations and their response has been investigated measuring the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters (Fv/Fm, qP and NPQ) in untreated plants, during treatment (after 4hrs and 14hrs of treatment) and in the recovering phase. All genotypes, regardless of the anthocyanins amount, showed a decrease of the photosyntetic efficiency after 14hrs of treatment. This indicates a marginal role of these pigments in the oxidative damages protection. Mutants do not response in the same manner to the UV—B exposure and the anthocyanin amount does not increase equally in all genotypes. The anthocyanin metabolism is studied also at the gene regulation level. A novel Myb gene (MtMYBA) involved in anthocyanin pathway has been isolated and characterized. This gene is more expressed in tissues which accumulate anthocyanins in M. truncatula plants. The functional analysis has been investigated overexpressing this Myb gene under the control of 35S promoter. This construct has been used to transform Arabisopsis thaliana and Medicago truncatula plants. In addition, the MtMYBA promoter has been cloned in a plasmids containing GUS and GFP reporter genes.

Cloud Computing is the next step in the evolution of the Internet. It provides seemingly unlimited computation and storage resources by abstracting the networking, hardware, and software components underneath. However, individual cloud service providers do not have unlimited resources to offer. Some of the tasks demand computational resources that these individual cloud service providers can not fulfill themselves. In such cases, it would be optimal for these providers to borrow resources from each other. The process where different cloud service providers pool their resources is called Cloud Federation. There are many aspects to Cloud Federation such as access control and interoperability. Access control ensures that only the permitted users can access these federated resources. Interoperability enables the end-user to have a seamless experience when accessing resources on federated clouds. In this thesis, we detail our project named GENI-SAVI Federation, in which we federated the GENI and SAVI cloud systems. We focus on the access control portion of the project while also discussing the interoperability aspect of it. / Graduate / 0984 / panjwani.riz@gmail.com

No description available.

E’ stata approfondita l’espressione genica complessiva in spighe di mais, in seguito all’ infezione fungina. Nella prima parte del lavoro, sono stati valutati un genotipo di mais resistente ed uno suscettibile a F. verticillioides, campionando le cariossidi 48 ore dopo l’infezione. Sono state identificate circa 800 sequenze differenzialmente espresse e circa il 10% è stato assegnato alla categoria della difesa. Nel genotipo resistente, i geni coinvolti nella difesa hanno mostrato un tipo di risposta basale, mentre in quello suscettibile tali geni rispondevano specificamente all’infezione. Nella seconda parte del lavoro, l’analisi di espressione è stata estesa a fasi precoci e tardive dell’infezione utilizzando un ceppo normale ed uno mutante di F. verticillioides. Numerosi geni risultavano differenzialmente regolati 48 ore dopo l’infezione con entrambi i ceppi. Il ceppo normale era in grado di attivare i meccanismi di difesa prima del mutante. Nella terza parte del lavoro, 10 linee resistenti e suscettibili sono state infettate con 4 specie fungine. In tutti i genotipi l’espressione dei geni coinvolti nella difesa era indotta in seguito all’infezione, ma le linee resistenti presentavano una risposta basale di difesa. / We investigated global gene expression in maize ears at several time points after fungal infection. In the first part of the work, resistant and susceptible genotypes were tested in kernels sampled 48 h after infection with a wild type strain of F. verticillioides. About 800 differentially expressed sequences were identified and nearly 10% assigned to the category cell rescue, defense and virulence. In the resistant genotype, defense-related genes provided basic defense against the fungus, while in the susceptible genotype defense genes responded specifically to pathogen infection. In the second part of the work the expression analysis was extended to early and late phases of infection with a wild type and a mutant strains of F. verticillioides. Kernels were sampled in the area around the point of infection. Most of genes were differentially regulated 48 h after infection with both fungal strains. The wild type strain was able to activate host defense genes before the mutant strain. In the third part of the work, ten resistant and susceptible lines were infected by different fungal species. All genotypes were able to induce the expression of defense genes upon infection, but the resistant lines showed a basal defense response.

No description available.

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal. / L'analyse de la biocinématique tridimensionnelle du genou est nécessaire à une bonne compréhension de l'état du genou et au rétablissement de sa fonction après une blessure. Le système Geni (pour Genou Non-Invasif) développé au sein du groupe de recherche en Biomécanique et Biomatériaux permet de mesurer cette biocinématique. Le système enregistre le mouvement du tibia par rapport au fémur grâce à des capteurs magnétiques de mouvement fixés à la jambe. Le système permet d'exprimer le mouvement de ces capteurs suivant une convention clinique établie et naturelle : flexion-extension, abduction-adduction, rotation tibiale interne-externe et translations le long d'axes médio-latéral, antéropostérieur et proximo-distal. Pour exprimer le mouvement du genou sous la forme d'indices cinématiques suivant cette convention, une définition d'axes cinématiques sur modèle numérique virtuel ainsi qu'un calibrage de ce modèle numérique sur le genou réel sont nécessaires avant chaque expérimentation. Ces opérations peuvent engendrer des erreurs qui se répercutent nécessairement sur la valeur des indices cinématiques. Afin de caractériser l'importance de ces erreurs et leur répercussion sur les résultats d'analyse cinématique, il a fallu dans un premier temps identifier et quantifier les principales sources d'erreur associées au système lorsqu'il est utilisé dans deux contextes différents : expérimentation in vitro sur pièce cadavérique et expérimentation in vivo sur sujet. Il a ainsi été déterminé que l'utilisateur génère une erreur plus importante dans le contexte in vivo que dans le contexte in vitro, principalement à cause de la difficulté d'identification des repères anatomiques utilisés pour définir les axes cinématiques. Ainsi, il a été déterminé que les mesures sont plus précises sur le modèle virtuel de l'os (0.23 mm et 1.37 mm respectivement pour des points facilement et difficilement identifiables) que sur le genou réel (1.9 mm et 7.0 mm respectivement pour des points facilement et difficilement identifiables). Dans un second temps, il a été possible d'estimer l'effet de ces erreurs sur le calcul des indices cinématiques. En expérimentation in vitro, une erreur moyenne de 2 degrés est obtenue pour la mesure des indices cinématiques de rotation et c'est l'étape d'identification des axes cinématiques sur les modèles virtuels qui est la source la plus importante de cette erreur. En expérimentation in vivo, une erreur moyenne de 10 degrés est obtenue pour la mesure des indices cinématiques et c'est l'identification de repères de calibrage qui est la principale source de cette erreur. Il a aussi été démontré que les résultats des expérimentations in vivo ne sont pas comparables d'une expérimentation à l'autre. Diverses avenues possibles afin d'améliorer la reproductibilité inter-expérimentale de ces résultats sont abordées.

Fusarium verticillioides è l’agente responsabile della Fusariosi della Spiga del mais, contamina la granella con fumonisine, micotossine responsabili di diverse patologie umane e animali. Per la resistenza alla fusariosi e all’accumulo di fumonisine esiste variabilità tra genotipi diversi ma non sono ancora disponibili ibridi immuni. L’obiettivo di questo lavoro è stato quello di individuare marcatori associati alla resistenza a F. verticillioides. Mediante un bioassay è stato testato un association panel per la resistenza a F. verticillioides. Al fine di identificare i marcatori di resistenza sono stati applicati un approccio GWAS e uno per geni candidati. L’analisi GWAS è stata eseguita con 227K SNPs restituendo 206 marcatori significativi. Da un lavoro di RNASequencing sono stati individuati i geni coinvolti nella risposta a F. verticillioides mentre i geni R sono stati recuperati della letteratura scientifica. Genotipi resistenti (CO433 e CO441) e suscettibili (CO354 e CO389) sono stati scelti per individuare polimorfismi nei geni candidati da associare ai fenotipi rilevati mediante il bioassay. Quattro marcatori sono risultati significativi. Infine, la correlazione tra l’incidenza della fusariosi rilevata in campo e mediante bioassay è stata analizzata in una popolazione di 172 RIL derivanti da CO441 x CO354, tuttavia, non è stata individuata alcuna corrispondenza. / Fusarium verticillioides is the causal agent of Fusarium ear rot (FER) in maize and contaminates grains with fumonisin, a family of mycotoxins involved in several human and animal diseases. Quantitative genetic variation exists for resistance to FER and fumonisin contamination among genotypes, however, resistant maize hybrids are currently not available. The aim of this work was the identification of genetic markers associated to resistance against F. verticillioides. A bioassay was used to screen inbred lines of the maize association population for FER resistance, GWAS and candidate gene approaches were applied to identify markers. GWAS was performed using a 227K SNP matrix and resulting in 206 significant markers. Genes involved in F. verticillioides response in developing maize kernels were retrieved from a previous RNASequencing study while maize R genes were retrieved from scientific literature. Resistant (CO433 and CO441) and susceptible genotypes (CO389 and CO354) were selected to amplify and sequence candidate genes. Polymorphisms detected were used to find association with phenotypes scored using the bioassay. Four significant markers were found. Finally, the correlation between FER phenotypes scored in field experiments and bioassay phenotypes was investigated. A population of 172 RILs (CO441 x CO354), was tested. No correlation was found.