91 |
Strategies for overcoming gender stereotypes in cognitive representationsFinnegan, Eimear January 2014 (has links)
Gender stereotypes are activated spontaneously and unintentionally when certain role nouns are read. For example, people expect a builder to be male and a beautician to be female. Such gender inferences lead to processing difficulties when violations of stereotypical gender occur. The aim of this thesis was to devise strategies aimed at overcoming the activation of gender stereotype biases in English. Across nine studies, a variety of stereotype reduction strategies were investigated in conjunction with a judgement task, devised by Oakhill, Garnham and Reynolds (2005). This judgement task asked participants to decide, without deliberation, whether two terms presented onscreen could refer to one person. In the absence of a stereotype-reduction training, participants consistently showed evidence of succumbing to stereotype biases on stereotype incongruent pairings (e.g. Builder/ Mother) compared to stereotype congruent pairings (e.g. Builder/ Father). However, accuracy and response time performance to these incongruent pairings were found to significantly improve from pre-training levels to post-training levels through the use of stereotype reduction strategies such as providing participants with performance-related feedback (Experiment 1, Experiment 3), social consensus feedback (Experiment 4), combined social and accuracy feedback (Experiment 6) and counter-stereotype pictures (Experiment 8). A number of individual difference measures were also administered with the behavioural tasks. These explored whether individual differences in levels of ambivalent sexism, attitudes towards sexist language, sex role perception, and, among others, sexist pronoun use could moderate performance on the judgement task. The results from these additional tasks are described in Chapter 5. This thesis provides further evidence for the malleability of stereotype biases and delineates specific strategies through which stereotype biases can be overcome, to ultimately result in lower levels of stereotype endorsement.
|
92 |
Phenomenology and sleepLevy, Patrick Simon Moffett January 2016 (has links)
This thesis identifies, in Nancy's The Fall of Sleep, a crucial critique of phenomenology. A criticism that demarcates, or limits, phenomenology in declaring: “There is no phenomenology of sleep”. Taking-up this challenge, we consider a number of ways that phenomenologists have, and could, approach sleep. Our thesis, however, does not simply offer possible responses to the problem but also finds, in these answers, important insights into the essence of the charge itself. Sleep and phenomenology are found to be mutually de-limiting – each binds the other, whilst offering foundational insights into its counterpart. Fundamentally, we bring phenomenologies of sleep, as opposed to simply phenomenology, into dialogue with this, Nancean, critique of phenomenology and with Nancy's account of sleep itself. We describe the distinctly different slumbering interpretations of sleep present, and conspicuously absent, in the work of: Husserl, Heidegger, and Levinas. Part I, after initially elaborating the challenge, presents a direct Husserlian counter, via a recent reconstituting of Husserl's late notes on sleep. The strengths and weaknesses of this phenomenological investigation sharpens the problem of sleep and leads us to pull back from consciousness-centred accounts. Part II, in contrast, develops our own hypothetical Heideggerian answer. This Part, the longest, uses Heidegger's existential and comparative analytics to ask ‘Does Dasein sleep?' This question reveals internal ambiguities of sleep – positioned between existence, life, and death. Part III withdraws from Heideggerian thinking through Levinas's incisive, and early, interpretation of sleep. This Levinasian retracting opens the possibility of returning to Nancy's challenge and corresponding description of sleep. Now this radical account is located in relation to, and in communication with, the somnological-phenomenological findings we have awakened in our thesis. The thesis ends by indicating a possible, future, return back from sleep to phenomenology – a dream, still hazy from sleep, of a somnolent phenomenology.
|
93 |
Embodied creativity : a process continuum from artistic creation to creative participationJungmann, Manuela January 2011 (has links)
This thesis breaks new ground by attending to two contemporary developments in art and science. In art, computer-mediated interactive artworks comprise creative engagement between collaborating practitioners and a creatively participating audience, erasing all notions of a dividing line between them. The procedural character of this type of communicative real-time interaction replaces the concept of a finished artwork with a ‘field of artistic communication'. In science, the field of creativity research investigates creative thought as mental operations that combine and reorganise extant knowledge structures. A recent paradigm shift in cognition research acknowledges that cognition is embodied. Neither embodiment in cognition nor the ‘field of artistic communication' in interactive art have been assimilated by creativity research. This thesis takes an interdisciplinary approach to examine the embodied cognitive processes in a ‘field of artistic communication' using a media artwork called Sim-Suite as a case study research strategy. This interactive installation, created and exhibited in an authentic real-world context, engages three people to play on wobble-boards. The thesis argues that creative processes related to Sim-Suite operate within a continuum, encompassing collaborative artistic creation and cooperative creative participation. This continuum is investigated via mixed methods, conducting studies with qualitative and quantitative analysis. These are interpreted through a theoretical lens of embodied cognition principles, the 4E approaches. The results obtained demonstrate that embodied cognitive processes in Sim-Suite's ‘field of artistic communication' function on a continuum. We give an account of the creative process continuum relating our findings to the ‘embedded-extended-enactive lens', empirical studies in embodied cognition and creativity research. Within this context a number of topics and sub-themes are identified. We discuss embodied communication, aspects of agency, forms of coordination, levels of evaluative processes and empathetic foundation. The thesis makes conceptual, empirical and methodological contributions to creativity research.
|
94 |
The neuropsychopharmacology of reversal learningNilsson, Simon January 2013 (has links)
Reversal learning deficits are a feature of many neuropsychiatric disorders, most notably schizophrenia. These deficits could be due, in part, to altered ability to dissipate either or both associations of previous positive (perseverance) and negative (learned non-reward) valence. Studies reported in this thesis developed an egocentric maze task and a visuospatial operant task for separate assessments of spatial reversal learning, perseverance and learned non-reward in mice. These tasks were subsequently used to assess the cognitive causes for altered performance after manipulations to brain systems recognised to be involved in reversal learning and relevant for human psychopathology, with a specific focus on schizophrenia. NMDA receptor (NMDAr) antagonism through acute phencyclidine did not affect reversal learning in the operant task, but caused general impairments in the maze task. Orbitofrontal (OFC) lesioned mice showed perseverative impairments in the operant task. Mice treated with the 5-HT2C receptor (5-HT2CR) antagonist SB242084 and 5-HT2CR KO mice showed facilitated reversal learning and decreased learned nonreward in the operant task. In the maze task, SB242084 decreased perseverance but increased learned non-reward, while 5-HT2CR KO mice showed perseverance and discrimination learning deficits. The final experimental chapter investigated the effect of SB242084 on touch-screen visual reversal learning in the rat. SB242084 retarded learning in this task. These studies demonstrate that previously non-reinforced associations can be of considerable importance in tasks of cognitive flexibility. The studies also show that the NMDAr, the 5-HT2CR, and the OFC, are involved in reversal learning and can modulate mechanisms related to both perseverance and learned non-reward. Moreover, in reversal learning, few effects of manipulations affecting PFC-functioning, or activity at the NMDAr and 5-HT2CR, generalise across the procedures in the visuospatial, egocentric spatial, and visual domains.
|
95 |
Kreativitet i skolan : funktion och förtjänstAnckarsvärd, Jakob January 2007 (has links)
<p>This dissertation examines how creativity can be of benefit for the school. It discusses if there is a need or demand for it and how the present situation is in Swedish schools. Defining creativity accurately is difficult but it is relevant to look at the environments that use creativity. There is a vast amount of literature that uses creativity and it varies to some extent. Creativity originates from meetings and combinations, both within and outside of the individual. The essay will show psychologists and pedagogs view on encouragement for creativity and it will especially study the art subjects in relation to the other ones in order to se what gains collaborations between them may bring . More thorough collaborations may be a good cross disciplinary structure in “projektarbete” (cross-cultural communication) which stimulates creativity in both education and within the school. Just as creativity is found in various environments the school benefits from studying the parts of society that uses creativity, to see what the expectations may be on the students in the future.</p> / <p>I denna uppsats undersöks hur kreativitet kan vara till nytta för skolan. Det kommer att diskuteras om det finns ett behov och en efterfrågan av kreativitet och hur det förhåller sig i nuläget med denna inom skolan i Sverige. Att exakt definiera kreativitet är svårt och därför kan det bli mer fruktbart att utforska kreativitetens användningsområden och funktioner. Det finns en mängd litteratur från skilda områden och den varierar en hel del. Kreativitet uppkommer ur möten och kombinationer, både inom individen och utanför denne. I uppsatsen nämns också ett antal psykologers och pedagogers syn på uppmuntran till kreativitet. Särskilt diskuteras de estetiska ämnena i relation till de övriga för att se vilka förtjänster ett samarbete kan ge. Vidare visar sig samarbeten genom exempelvis projektarbete vara en bra tvärvetenskaplig företeelse som kan stimulera kreativitet i undervisningen och i skolan. Liksom kreativitet återfinns i skilda områden så kan skolan ha nytta av att se hur olika delar av samhället använder sig av kreativitet, och för att se vilka förväntningar som kan komma att ställas på eleverna i framtiden.</p>
|
96 |
Kreativitet i skolan : funktion och förtjänstAnckarsvärd, Jakob January 2007 (has links)
This dissertation examines how creativity can be of benefit for the school. It discusses if there is a need or demand for it and how the present situation is in Swedish schools. Defining creativity accurately is difficult but it is relevant to look at the environments that use creativity. There is a vast amount of literature that uses creativity and it varies to some extent. Creativity originates from meetings and combinations, both within and outside of the individual. The essay will show psychologists and pedagogs view on encouragement for creativity and it will especially study the art subjects in relation to the other ones in order to se what gains collaborations between them may bring . More thorough collaborations may be a good cross disciplinary structure in “projektarbete” (cross-cultural communication) which stimulates creativity in both education and within the school. Just as creativity is found in various environments the school benefits from studying the parts of society that uses creativity, to see what the expectations may be on the students in the future. / I denna uppsats undersöks hur kreativitet kan vara till nytta för skolan. Det kommer att diskuteras om det finns ett behov och en efterfrågan av kreativitet och hur det förhåller sig i nuläget med denna inom skolan i Sverige. Att exakt definiera kreativitet är svårt och därför kan det bli mer fruktbart att utforska kreativitetens användningsområden och funktioner. Det finns en mängd litteratur från skilda områden och den varierar en hel del. Kreativitet uppkommer ur möten och kombinationer, både inom individen och utanför denne. I uppsatsen nämns också ett antal psykologers och pedagogers syn på uppmuntran till kreativitet. Särskilt diskuteras de estetiska ämnena i relation till de övriga för att se vilka förtjänster ett samarbete kan ge. Vidare visar sig samarbeten genom exempelvis projektarbete vara en bra tvärvetenskaplig företeelse som kan stimulera kreativitet i undervisningen och i skolan. Liksom kreativitet återfinns i skilda områden så kan skolan ha nytta av att se hur olika delar av samhället använder sig av kreativitet, och för att se vilka förväntningar som kan komma att ställas på eleverna i framtiden.
|
97 |
Conceptual Background Of Truth Content Of Art In GadamerSoysal, Deniz 01 June 2008 (has links) (PDF)
The following dissertation is an endeavor to put forward the conceptual background of Gadamer&rsquo / s assertion in Truth and Method that art has a truth value. This conceptual background includes many important concepts which are indispensable in understanding the assertion that art has a truth value. Second chapter is mainly concerned with Bildung and sensus communis. Bildung describes the nature of knowledge which flourishes in the character of the person and which changes that person by penetrating the personality of him. Sensus communis describes the relationship of truth with the power of persuasion and the power of making right choices in social life. Taste, on the other hand, not only accompanies us when we are fulfilling our most basic needs in life and also shows itself in all of our moral decisions. In that sense, a developed taste is very effective in directing us to the truth. The third chapter offers an analysis of Gadamer&rsquo / s critique of Kant&rsquo / s aesthetics revolving around the concepts of judgment, taste, genius and Erlebnis. For Gadamer, Kant has subjectivized aesthetics. This subjectivization has two sides. Firstly, Kant argues that the experience of beauty does not give us any knowledge about the beautiful object. That is to say, Kant insists that aesthetic experience does not contain any cognitive element, because he believes that the only source of truth and knowledge is science. Secondly subjectivization means that Kant reduced art and beauty only to the experience of it / he talks only about experience of beauty, not about work of art itself at all. The forth chapter introduces the ontology of the work of art which is elaborated mainly on concepts of play, representation, mimesis, total mediation, contemporaneity. When inquiring into the mode of being of play, Gadamer defends that the subject of the play is play itself and in the same way in the experience of art the subject is not the subjectivity of the person who experiences it but the work of art. In the last chapter history of hermeneutics is elaborated in order to find the proper place of Gadamer&rsquo / s constituting concepts in the general frame of hermeneutics.
|
98 |
Architektūra kaip Kauno miesto formavimo strategija / Architecture as the Kaunas City image making strategyRudokas, Kastytis 14 June 2013 (has links)
Baigiamajame magistro darbe plačiau aptariamos kultūros paveldo (dėmesys fokusuojamas į architektūros paveldą) integracijos į šiuolaikinės taip vadinamos tinklaveikos visuomenės ekonominę ir socialinę sistemą. Darbe laikomasi principinio požiūrio, kad šiuolaikinis darbo, laisvalaikio organizavimas ir individų identitetai sąveikauja nuolatinio tapsmo sąlygomis ir yra priklausomi vieni nuo kitų. Vietos įvaizdis šiuo požiūriu tampa itin svarbus miesto/regiono/valstybės savęs reprezentacijos įrankis šiuolaikinėje žinių valdymu grįstoje visuomenėje.
Šioje postruktūralistinėje vartotojų visuomenėje architektūros paveldas ir naujos architektūros intervencijos gali būti vienas esminių įrankių komunikuoti žinių pertekliaus epochoje. Pagrindinis tyrimo tikslas apibrėžti Kauno miesto patirtis ir galimybes reprodukuoti ir publikuoti žinių bagažą konceptualiai pristatant vietą. Todėl trijose darbo dalyse, naudojant specialiai susiformuotus teorinius tyrimo metodus aiškinamasi vietos įvaizdžio sampratos kaita pereinat iš industrinės į postindustrinę epochas, taip įvaizdžio diegimo problematika. Vėliau pereinama prie Kauno miesto patirčių ir potencialo analizės, paradomi charakteringi pavyzdžiai atitinkantys tiek vakarų vartotojiškos kultūros modifikacijas, tiek postkolonialinias įtakas vienaip ar kitaip formuojančias tiek vietos identitetą, tiek kultūros paveldo apsaugos/niokojimo apraiškas.
Trečioji dalis skirta Kauno miesto kaip vietos naratyvo kūrimo galimybėms ir problematikai... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The thesis is to be about the first deeper glance in Lithuania issueing the place image throught architectural and cultural heritage management. The key factor is to challange the paradigma of how individual or scietist perceive architectural processes due side effets of changing World. Nevertheless, cultural heritage in Lithuania has a feature in academical field to be self-centered so hardly ever usefull for wider sociocultural progress if we consider that tourism or old town vitality is based not on heritage management itself, but depends on traditionally perceived which are the best routes for tourists or traditional area of walking around.
This issue claims that in so called network society the most important is to recognise the possibilities and threats for architectural heritage to become an actine participator of network progress. It is clarely seen, that internet technologies and communicational options is to be elimate a traditional urban space out of field of public interest. However, city image is about to sell a place no matter in digital or either in real dimentions. Master work is solving the issue how the Kaunas could work and produce its image via architectural representation‘s forms and manners.
First part of work is to describe early perception of place image in western countries. As a matter of fact, there‘s notice made that place image should meet an expectation. Since public realtions have became part of everydays expeirience and its self being... [to full text]
|
99 |
Význam krajiny pro utváření lidské religiozity (u žáků SŠ) / The significance of landscape in the formation of human religiosity (with secondary students)KNĚZ, Miroslav January 2012 (has links)
The object of this paper is searching for the significance of understanding landscape in the formation of human religiosity. The first part of the paper called Human and landscape attempts to present general characteristics of the relationship of humans and landscape. The second part is devoted to the development of landscape perception of some authors (J. J. Rousseau, Jiří Sádlo, Václav Cílek). The third chapter finds connections between internal experience and the environment humans live in. It is a dynamic relationship which affects the formation of religiosity. Further, human religiosity, the symbolic meaning of landscape and the specific characteristics of adolescence are defined. The conclusion presents particular suggestions for educational work with young adolescents by means of dialogue and participation in landscape.
|
100 |
A linguagem do inefável: música e autonomia estética no romantismo alemão / The language of ineffable: music and aesthetics utonomy in German romantismMario Rodrigues Videira Junior 26 May 2009 (has links)
O presente trabalho tem como objetivo principal investigar o problema da autonomia estética da música instrumental no Romantismo alemão. Através do exame de textos filosóficos, literários e de crítica musical, procuramos investigar a seguinte questão: como foi possível que a arte musical que até o século XVIII era considerada como um objeto indigno para a filosofia e para a estética se estabelecesse como a esfera mais elevada do espírito humano no Romantismo e no Idealismo alemão? A fim de responder a essa pergunta, pareceu-nos necessário levar em conta a maneira pela qual se compreendia a música no século XVIII e qual o conceito de razão que estava em sua base. A principal hipótese que procuramos explorar diz respeito à filosofia crítica de Kant, que permitiu que o pensamento encontrasse um paradigma na música. Com a chamada revolução copernicana, Kant acentuou a subjetividade de maneira radical, abrindo, pela primeira vez, a possibilidade da música ser reconhecida como uma linguagem não-objetiva, que foi desenvolvida principalmente por autores como Wackenroder, Tieck e Hoffmann. Todavia, as condições de possibilidade para a compreensão da música como expressão do inefável, bem como a proximidade que se estabelece entre música e religião, devem ser buscadas primeiramente na filosofia kantiana. / The main purpose of this research is to examine the problem concerning the aesthetic autonomy of instrumental music in German Romanticism. Through the examination of philosophical and literary texts, as well as musical criticism, the following question is investigated: how was it possible that the musical art - which was considered an unworthy object for the philosophy and the aesthetics until the 18th Century - could establish itself as the highest sphere of the human spirit during the Romanticism and the German Idealism? In order to answer to this question, it seems necessary to take into account the way music was understood during the 18th Century and what conception of Reason lay in its basis. Our main hypothesis concerns Kants critical philosophy, which made possible the thought of finding a paradigm in music. With the so called Copernican revolution, Kant stressed subjectivity in a radical way and, for the first time, provided the possibility of recognizing the music as a non-objective language, developed later by authors like Wackenroder, Tieck and Hoffmann. However, the conditions of possibility for the understanding of music as expression of the ineffable, as well as the proximity established between music and religion, must be searched firstly in the Kantian philosophy.
|
Page generated in 0.2528 seconds