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This is a genre analysis study in linguistics whose purpose is to identify the structure of a Ballet Review using Swalesian move analysis. Whilst the review genre has been explored in the past (e.g., de Jong, & Burgers, 2018; Nodoushan & Montazeran, 2012; Taboada, 2011) there have been no dedicated studies on Ballet Reviews. To fill this void, the traditional review genre framework has been used as a starting point to investigate whether a similar framework applies to Ballet Reviews. Employing Moth-Roth’s (1996) and Nodoushan’s (2012) adapted frameworks, this study delves into the compositional structure, and rhetorical functions of Ballet Reviews. An in-depth genre analysis is carried out based on 40 Ballet Reviews using move analysis. Additionally, insights from a ballet critic interview enrich the study, providing deeper insights into Ballet Reviews. The research identifies four moves in the reviews, highlighting a consensus among critics on the typical structure. Furthermore, the study reveals the impact of publication venues, emphasising the use of specialist terminology in arts publications compared to mainstream newspapers. Implications of the study include discussions on the classification of Ballet Reviews as a distinct genre and the educational gaps for ballet critics. Overall, this study lays the foundation for understanding Ballet Reviews, contributing to genre theory and paving the way for future research.

Ce projet doctoral élabore une méthodologie qui tente de dévoiler ce que dit le rédacteur de l'article scientifique en géologie à propos de son travail de terrain, mais sans le dire explicitement : le " silence textuel ". La méthode consiste en l'analyse linguistique du " texte " (un corpus de 106 comptes rendus de terrain) par opposition au " contexte ", afin d'en faire émerger le sens caché et le non-dit. Le contexte est analysé de manière qualitative: (1) une étude socio-historique (1700-1995) de l'importance du terrain dans la culture géologique, et spécifiquement en France à partir de 1900 ; (2) une étude ethnométhodologique des pratiques et des valeurs d'un groupe de géologues de terrain francophones ; et (3) l'analyse d'une série de recontextualisations d'un travail de terrain, qui se transforme progressivement en publication. Cette transformation montre l'influence de la communauté scientifique sur la façon dont l'écrit produit sur le terrain se conforme progressivement aux conventions écrites de la communauté scientifique.

CARVALHO, Jorge Luis Queiroz. Tradições discursivas em resenhas acadêmicas: mudanças e permanências entre os séculos XX e XXI. 2016. 200f. – Dissertação (Mestrado) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Departamento de Letras Vernáculas, Programa de Pós-graduação em Linguística, Fortaleza (CE), 2016. / Submitted by Márcia Araújo (marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-06-15T11:36:35Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_dis_jlqcarvalho.pdf: 2488829 bytes, checksum: 31e2931d8ef72c4ee0cd87ddab665fd1 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Márcia Araújo (marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-06-15T11:48:50Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_dis_jlqcarvalho.pdf: 2488829 bytes, checksum: 31e2931d8ef72c4ee0cd87ddab665fd1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-15T11:48:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_dis_jlqcarvalho.pdf: 2488829 bytes, checksum: 31e2931d8ef72c4ee0cd87ddab665fd1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016 / This research analyzes traces of changes and permanence traits in book reviews produced between 20th and 21th Century. Therefore, it has three objectives. The first aim is to describe the socio-historical context that engenders the production and circulation of the genre. The second objective is to analyze the thematic content and the rhetorical pattern in order to compare regularities and singularities in the compositional structure of the texts. Our last goal is to identify recurrent lexical items in book reviews and their entanglements with the rhetorical moves and subunits. It adopts an inductive approach and historical-comparative methods. The diachronic analysis comprises a 62-year time continuum divided into three generational phases: a) 1953-1970; b) 1971-2000; e c) 2001-2015. Each phase is represented by 15 texts, accounting 45 samples that were collected in academic journals of Linguistics. This project followed descriptive and explanatory approaches and even using statistical data, we proceeded with a qualitative approach. We find methodological support also in the software AntConc 3.4.3w to discern the most frequent lexical items in each rhetorical move and units. Theoretically, it is based on considerations that raised from sociointeracionist approach of language from Bakhtin Circle, rhetorical studies of genre and the paradigm of Discursive Traditions. With regard to the results identified in each category of analysis, this study led to the identification of some changes in the contextual level, especially as regards the profile of the interlocutors who have interacted through this genre. It was also noticed that it has a line of continuity ensured by the permanence of some communicative purposes. We also found that the thematic content of book reviews covers not only aspects of a particular work, but also express positions on different contextual features. Regarding the compositional structure, it was possible to identify some rhetoric patterns that articulate themselves with specific lexical items. They also have frequencies that oscillate in each generational phase. The graphic, spatial and paratextual configuration, likewise, points to changes that revel new forms to materialize book reviews. These results corroborate to understand that genres fit in the needs and specificities of the historical moments in which they are linked. We hope that these reflections contribute to a larger understanding of the social and diachronic character of genres bringing theoretical and pedagogical implications. / Esta pesquisa analisa vestígios de mudança e traços de permanência em resenhas acadêmicas produzidas entre os séculos XX e XXI. Para tanto, tem por objetivos: i) descrever o contexto sócio-histórico que engendra a produção e circulação do gênero, ii) analisar o conteúdo temático e as unidades retóricas a fim de comparar regularidades e singularidades na composição dos textos, e iii) identificar os itens lexicais mais recorrentes nas resenhas e seus entrelaçamentos com as unidades e subunidades retóricas. A pesquisa adota o método de abordagem indutivo e os métodos de procedimento histórico e comparativo. A análise diacrônica compreende um contínuo temporal de 62 anos que dividimos em três fases geracionais: a) 1953-1970; b) 1971-2000; e c) 2001-2015. Cada fase está representada por 15 textos, somando um total de 45 exemplares que foram coletados em periódicos acadêmicos da área de Letras e Linguística. O empreendimento seguiu enfoques descritivos e explicativos e, mesmo recorrendo a dados estatísticos, procedeu-se a uma abordagem qualitativa. Buscou apoio metodológico, ainda, no programa computacional AntConc 3.4.3w para discernir itens lexicais mais recorrentes em cada unidade e subunidade retórica. Teoricamente, está amparada em considerações advindas da abordagem sociointeracionista de linguagem do Círculo de Bakhtin, dos estudos sociorretóricos e do paradigma das Tradições Discursivas. No que diz respeito aos resultados identificamos em cada categoria de análise, os achados deste trabalho levaram à identificação de algumas mudanças no plano contextual desse objeto, sobretudo no que se refere ao perfil dos interlocutores que têm interagido por meio desse gênero. Percebeu-se, ainda, que ele detém uma linha de continuidade assegurada pela manutenção de propósitos comunicativos socialmente compartilhados. Quanto ao conteúdo temático, verificou-se que as resenhas englobam não apenas aspectos concernentes à avaliação de um determinado produto intelectual, mas também veicula argumentos sobre variadas conjunturas contextuais. No tocante à estrutura composicional, pôde-se identificar padrões de organização retórica que apresentam itens lexicais característicos e frequências que oscilam entre cada fase geracional. A configuração grafoespacial e paratextual, de igual modo, aponta para transformações que revelam novas formas de materializar as resenhas acadêmicas. Esses resultados corroboram para o entendimento de que esses artefatos socioculturais se ajustam às demandas e especificidades dos momentos históricos que os circunscrevem. Espera-se que essas reflexões contribuam para uma maior compreensão acerca do caráter social e diacrônico dos gêneros textuais trazendo implicações teóricas e pedagógicas.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This research was developed as part of the CNPq projects Análise crítica de gêneros com foco em artigos de popularização da ciência (MOTTA-ROTH, 2007), and Análise crítica de gêneros discursivos em práticas sociais de popularização da ciência (MOTTA-ROTH, 2010) concerning the critical analysis of science popularization genre. The science popularization (SP) involves a complex process of recontextualization of the scientific discourse in the mass media, which is realized in different discourse genres, such as SP news and reportage (MOTTA-ROTH, 2009). In this process, the journalist mediator appropriates and re-elaborates the knowledge produced by specialists to non-specialized audience by making use of different linguistic strategies, such as reformulation (HYLAND; 2007; LOVATO, 2010; GERHARDT, 2011). The objective of this study is to analyze the popularization process of the discourse about English language teaching in didactic reportages published on Nova Escola online by considering the reformulation strategies. In order to conduct this investigation, two corpora were selected: academic articles on language teaching and learning, published at Brazilian leading journals of Applied Linguistics, whose objective was to identify the contemporary conversations (GEE, 2001) about the issue; and didactic reportages about English language teaching, published on Nova Escola online. The analysis concerning the first corpus indicated three recurrent conversations: Critical perspective; Multiliteracies; Discourse genre, which suggest a critical linguistic education practice based on the use of language as a complex sociosemiotic system, as well as on the role of the school teacher conceived as an agent of critical (multi)literacies. The analysis of the second corpus indicated divergence from the contemporary conversations regarding two main aspects: language is conceived as lexicogrammar, and the teacher is positioned as a consumer of how-to recipes. The theoretical and methodological perspective adopted in this study is Critical Genre Analysis (MEURER, 2001; MOTTA-ROTH, 2008), an interdisciplinary perspective formed by Critical Discourse Analysis (FAIRCLOUGH, 2003, 2001), Socio-rhetoric (MILLER, 1984, SWALES, 2004; BAZERMAN, 2005) and Systemic Functional Linguistics (HALLIDAY; HASAN, 1989; HALLIDAY; MATTHIESSEN, 2004). / Esta tese de doutorado foi desenvolvida no âmbito dos projetos CNPq Análise crítica de gêneros com foco em artigos de popularização da ciência (MOTTA-ROTH, 2007) e Análise crítica de gêneros discursivos em práticas sociais de popularização da ciência (MOTTA-ROTH, 2010), referentes à análise crítica de gêneros de popularização da ciência. A popularização da ciência (PC) envolve um complexo processo de recontextualização do discurso científico na mídia de massa, o qual é materializado em diferentes gêneros discursivos, como a notícia e a reportagem de PC (MOTTA-ROTH, 2009). Nesse processo, o jornalista mediador apropria-se e reelabora o conhecimento produzido por especialistas para o público não especialista, fazendo uso de diferentes estratégias, como a reformulação (HYLAND; 2007; LOVATO, 2010; GERHARDT, 2011). O objetivo deste estudo é analisar o processo de popularização do discurso sobre ensino e aprendizagem de inglês na mídia por meio da análise das estratégias de reformulação. Para esta investigação, foram selecionados dois corpora: artigos acadêmicos sobre aprendizagem de línguas, publicados em periódicos brasileiros da área de Linguística Aplicada, cujo objetivo foi mapear as conversações contemporâneas (GEE, 2001) sobre a questão; e reportagens didáticas sobre ensino de inglês, publicadas na revista Nova Escola online. O resultado da análise do primeiro corpus indicou três conversações mais recorrentes: Perspectiva crítica, Multiletramentos e Gêneros discursivos, que apontam para uma educação linguística pautada no uso criticamente informado da linguagem enquanto sistema sociossemiótico complexo, e no papel do professor de escola como um agente de (multi)letramentos críticos. A análise do segundo corpus indicou divergência das conversações contemporâneas em dois aspectos principais: linguagem concebida como lexicogramática, e o professor de escola posicionado como consumidor de receitas de conduta. A perspectiva teórico-metodológica que embasa este estudo é a Análise Crítica de Gênero (MEURER, 2001; MOTTA-ROTH, 2008), perspectiva interdisciplinar que reúne a Análise Crítica do Discurso (FAIRCLOUGH, 2003, 2001), a Sociorretórica (MILLER, 1984, SWALES, 2004; BAZERMAN, 2005) e a Linguística Sistêmico-Funcional (HALLIDAY; HASAN, 1989; HALLIDAY; MATTHIESSEN, 2004).

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Studies in Genre Analysis have been developed in order to explore the configuration of academic genres and to interpret their functions according to the discourse communities in which they operate. Some examples are the studies developed by Swales (1990; 2004) about the research article and the study developed by Motta-Roth (1995) about the book review. However, some studies have pointed out the need for better explanation of the methodology employed in the analysis of language as discourse (see, for example, Paltridge, 1994; Barton, 2002; Bazerman and Prior, 2004). In view of this, the theme of the present work is the research procedures adopted in Genre Analysis. The analysis is concentrated on the Methods section of Applied Linguistics research articles which focus on English for Academic Purposes (EAP). This work aims at identifying analytical categories and research procedures adopted in the analysis of research articles in order to elaborate a systematization of the research procedures in Genre Analysis. For that purpose, twelve research articles and interviews with four authors were analyzed in the light of the relevant literature. The analysis showed that the studies are concentrated on the investigation of the macrostructure or on the microstructure of research articles. Studies about the microstructure report exclusively the analysis of grammatical elements, what leads to conclude that they do not configure a genre analysis according to the current works developed in genre study (Bazerman, 1988; Swales 1998; 2004). These studies are related to the first phase of the Genre Analysis that investigates the textualization of lexico-grammatical elements in the sentence level (Bhatia, 2004, p. 3). Studies about the macrostructure are related to the second phase of genre studies that investigates the language with the purpose of identifying patterns of organization in written discourse. If the objective of these studies is in fact to develop a genre analysis in order to contribute to reading and writing teaching in EAP, these studies should include an ethnographic perspective that analyzes the genre based on its context. / Estudos em Análise de Gênero têm sido desenvolvidos a fim de explorar a configuração dos gêneros acadêmicos e interpretar suas funções de acordo com as comunidades discursivas em que operam. Alguns exemplos são os estudos desenvolvidos por Swales (1990; 1998;2004) sobre o artigo acadêmico e o estudo desenvolvido por Motta-Roth (1995) sobre a resenha. No entanto, alguns estudos têm apontado a necessidade de se explicitar melhor a metodologia empregada na análise da linguagem como discurso (ver, por exemplo, Paltridge, 1994; Barton, 2002; Bazerman e Prior, 2004). Em vista disso, o tema do presente estudo são os procedimentos de pesquisa adotados na Análise de Gêneros. A análise está concentrada nas seções de Metodologia de artigos de Lingüística Aplicada com foco no Ensino de Inglês para Fins Acadêmicos (English for Academic Purposes - EAP). O objetivo é identificar categorias analíticas e procedimentos de pesquisa adotados na análise do artigo acadêmico a fim de elaborar uma sistematização do processo de pesquisa em Análise de Gênero. Para tanto, doze artigos foram analisados à luz da literatura relevante e das entrevistas realizadas com quatro autores. A análise revelou que os estudos se concentram na investigação da macroestrutura ou da microestrutura de artigos. Os estudos sobre a microestrutura reportam exclusivamente a análise de elementos gramaticais, o que leva a concluir que eles não se configuram em uma Análise de Gênero a partir dos trabalhos correntes desenvolvidos no estudo de gênero (Bazerman, 1988; Swales 1998; 2004). Esses estudos estão relacionados à primeira fase da Análise de Gênero, que se refere à investigação de elementos léxico-gramaticais no nível da sentença (Bhatia, 2004, p. 3). Os estudos sobre a macroestrutura estão relacionados à segunda fase do estudo de gêneros, que investiga a linguagem com o objetivo de identificar padrões de organização do discurso (ibidem, 2004, p. 3). Se o objetivo desses estudos é realmente desenvolver uma análise de gênero de modo a contribuir para o ensino de leitura e escrita em EAP, esses estudos deveriam incluir uma perspectiva etnográfica, que analisa o gênero com base no seu contexto.

This study aims to investigate possible distinctions between professional and non-professional written travel texts all treating the same destination: the Norwegian ski resort Trysil. The study will investigate to what extent the different texts correlate with the genre of travel texts, as the travel texts are treated as personal narratives, and how they conform to a given structure for narratives and with guidelines for professional writers. Furthermore, the investigation aims to explore to what extent there are similarities and differences between the texts regarding the given structure. The texts will first be analysed and organized separately by macrorules and a news schema that are constructed specifically for these sorts of texts, in order to reveal their discourse structure, and then compared to each other. As the discourse structure of the different texts is revealed, it is seen that there are certain differences between the two different text types. Finally, seen that the text types differ in their structure, this study will show that despite the fact that journalists write stories, and that non-professional written stories are narratives, they do not share the same structure, and are constructed in different ways.

The purpose of this essay is to examine metaphors in cancer contexts, and in particular war and military metaphors. A four step approach was performed for the examination. The use over time has been studied for metaphorical linguistic expressions including the words fight and battle in the Corpus of Contemporary American English in the categories Academic Journals, Magazines and Newspapers. A general corpus search for the word cancer in the same categories has been made to investigate what kinds of metaphorical linguistic expressions could be found. The goal was to examine possible development of the use of other expressions than the dominant martial ones for the period 2005 - 2011. The findings were also investigated to see which thematic role for the word cancer was the most frequent in the categories. To complement the corpus findings, an inquiry was sent out to explore how writers of research articles reason when they use expressions such as fight against cancer or battle with cancer in their texts. The corpus findings show that the martial metaphorical linguistic expressions are more often used within the categories Newspapers and Magazines. In the category Academic journals the occurrences are fewer. The most common metaphor alternatives were within the area of sports. The study of semantic roles shows that the word cancer appears most often in the role of patient. The agent role occurred slightly more often in the newspaper category than in the other text categories investigated. The result of the inquiry suggests that some researchers use martial metaphors out of routine. The four step approach of the study reveals a complex image of the use of metaphors in cancer contexts. Detection of trends for the use of metaphorical linguistic expressions possibly demands a longer time interval than the studied period.

Selma Lagerlöf är en författare som sällan förknippas med genren science fiction, men i denna uppsats analyseras två av hennes ovanligare berättelser med hjälp av science fiction-teori. Berättelserna är ”Kevenhüller”, ett kapitel ur Gösta Berlings saga från 1891, och ”Slåtterkarlarna på Ekolsund”, en versifierad berättelse från samlingsvolymen Troll och människor I från 1915. Syftet är dels att undersöka texterna från ett nytt perspektiv, dels att se hur texternas teman förhåller sig till andra i samtiden. De tre främsta aspekter som används i analysen är novum, det sublima och det groteska, alla tre begrepp använda enligt den science fiction-tolkning som Csicsery-Ronay gör i The Seven Beauties of Science Fiction från 2008. Ett novum är en uppfinning, upptäckt eller socialt förhållande genom vilken berättelsens handling får sitt ursprung. Det sublima är upplevelser där läsaren i texten möter ting av så storslagen natur att det inte går att omfatta med sinnet. Det groteska är läsupplevelser där gränser och förändringar är så vaga att det inte går att klassificera det som skapar känslan. Alla dessa aspekter återfinns i berättelserna och ger fördjupade insikter inom de teman som ofta associeras med science fiction, som framtid, teknik och mänsklig identitet. Lagerlöfs texter visar sig också passa in i tankegångar om framsteg som var populära i hennes samtid. Människans dominans över naturen ifrågasätts inte nämnvärt. Den stora uppgiften för människan är att hantera sin teknik ansvarsfullt, så att alla människor kan gagnas av teknikens under. / Selma Lagerlöf is an author who is seldomly associated with the Science Fiction genre, but in this thesis two of her more unusual stories are analysed with the help of Science Fiction Theory. The stories are “Kevenhüller”, a chapter from the novel Gösta Berling’s saga from 1891, and “Slåtterkarlarna på Ekolsund” (“The Mowers at Ekolsund”), a story written in verse from the collection volume Troll och människor I from 1915. The purpose is in part to analyse the texts from a new perspective and in part to see how the themes of the text relate to the author’s contemporaries. The three foremost aspects that are used in the analysis are Novum, the Sublime and the Grotesque, all three concepts used according to the Science Fiction interpretation that Csicsery-Ronay makes in The Seven Beauties of Science Fiction from 2008. A Novum is an invention, discovery, or social state of affair from which the story evolves. The Sublime is experiences where the reader is introduced to things in the text of such greatness that it’s not possible to grasp with the mind. The Grotesque is reading experiences where borders and transformations are so vague that it’s impossible to classify that which creates the feeling. All these aspects appear in the stories and gives expanded insights into themes who are often associated with Science Fiction, like future, technology, and human identity. The texts of Lagerlöf also fits in with trains of thought that were popular amongst her contemporaries. The human domination over nature is hardly ever questioned. The great mission for humanity is to handle its technology with responsibility, so that all people can gain from the wonders of technology.

Esta dissertação trata de modelos para a estruturação de artigos científicos. Em seu corpo, apresentam-se respostas para as seguintes perguntas: Que modelos são esses?, Há modelos universais ou preponderantes para a composição de artigos científicos?, Existem modelos hegemônicos em áreas específicas do conhecimento?, Em que extensão artigos científicos em circulação correspondem a modelos apresentados em instruções aos autores de periódicos? e A uniformidade que emerge da adesão a um determinado padrão para a estruturação de artigos científicos manifesta-se no nível das seções de artigos?. As respostas dadas neste texto fundamentam-se em achados obtidos mediante: 1) a análise de instruções aos autores de revistas da Scientific Electronic Library Online do Brasil (SciELO Brasil) quanto à indicação de modelos para a estruturação de artigos científicos, 2) o estudo da correspondência entre a estrutura geral de uma amostra de artigos científicos publicados em Língua Portuguesa na SciELO Brasil e os modelos apresentados nas instruções aos autores das revistas que divulgam esses textos e 3) o exame dos componentes de introduções de artigos científicos que têm estrutura geral igual ao padrão Introdução-Métodos-Resultados-Discussão, ou a alguma variante sua, e que foram publicados em Português na SciELO Brasil. Além de respostas, de percursos e de achados de pesquisa, esta dissertação compreende a interpretação de resultados com a consideração de materiais que vão de livros e artigos sobre escrita científica a obras fundamentais de ramos específicos do saber. Ainda, compreende a interpretação de achados com o olhar voltado para o ensino de escrita científica. / This dissertation deals with models for structuring scientific articles. Answers to the following questions are presented in its body: What are these models? Are there universal or preponderant models for writing scientific articles? Do predominant models exist in particular fields of knowledge? To what extent do real scientific articles correspond to models presented in instructions to authors of journals? Does the uniformity that arises from the adoption of a specific pattern for structuring scientific articles manifest itself within article sections? The answers given in the present text are based on findings obtained by means of: 1) the analysis of instructions to authors of journals of the Scientific Electronic Library Online of Brazil (SciELO Brazil) concerning models for structuring scientific articles, 2) the study of the equivalence between the general structure of a sample of scientific articles published in Portuguese in SciELO Brazil and the models presented in the instructions to authors of the journals to which these texts belong, and 3) the examination of the components of introductions of scientific articles that have general structure identical to the Introduction-Methods-Results-And-Discussion pattern, or to some variant of it, and that were published in Portuguese in SciELO Brazil. In addition to answers, research paths and findings, this dissertation contains an interpretation of results that takes into account materials that range from books and articles on scientific writing to basic works of particular branches of knowledge. Also, it contains an interpretation of results that focuses on the teaching of scientific writing.