»Verdi hat allerdings kein Requiem nach deutscher Art geschaffen«, befand der Referent des Musikalischen Wochenblattes August Guckeisen, nachdem er im Dezember 1876 der reichsdeutschen Erstaufführung von Giuseppe Verdis »Messa da Requiem« in Köln beigewohnt hatte. Ein »Requiem nach deutscher Art« – gab es so etwas überhaupt? Zumindest existierte ganz offenkundig eine klare Vorstellung von einer als ›deutsch‹ etikettierten Ästhetik der musikalischen Trauer. Typisch daran erscheint zunächst die darin vorausgesetzte Einteilung der Welt in etwas Eigenes und etwas Anderes. Der Hang zu einer national eingerahmten Kulturdefinition – und sei es durch Abgrenzung gegenüber etwas vermeintlich Fremdem – wirkt bis in die Gegenwart nach. Diese Untersuchung geht den Merkmalen ethischer Traditionen in der Empfindung und Bewertung der musikalischen Trauer nach und dokumentiert die unterschiedlichen Blickwinkel auf ein Werk, das erstens aus ganz verschiedenen Gründen als typisch ›italienisch‹ wahrgenommen wurde und das zweitens in einem Überschneidungsbereich von Kirchenmusik, Repräsentationsmusik und Konzertmusik steht. Das ›italienische‹ Selbstverständnis, das sich aus Sicht der Kritik in der Komposition niederschlug, rieb sich in zahlreichen Punkten mit dem ›deutschen‹. Diese Reibungspunkte wurden anhand historischer Quellen, vorwiegend aus Tageszeitungen und Musikfachblättern, freigelegt, um sowohl Gemeinsamkeiten als auch politische, konfessionelle und ästhetische Differenzen innerhalb der deutschsprachigen Kritik herauszuarbeiten. / The dissertation deals with the German reception of the Messa da Requiem by Giuseppe Verdi, a grand musical work composed in memory of the Italian writer Alessandro Manzoni. The author concentrated on the period of the first performances which took place world-wide between 1874 and 1878. Verdi’s composition follows the classical-romantic tradition of the »concert requiem« and is linked to the Requiem settings by Cherubini, Mozart and Berlioz. Due to the work’s scenic character, which many critics considered inadequate to the religious text, it was often evaluated disparagingly. In many cases the conceit of German musical criticism came to light, expressing itself sometimes more, sometimes less drastically. A critic from Cologne said that the work was »however, not a requiem in the German style.« This dichotomous demarcation of a ›German style‹ against an ›Italian style‹ is only partly to be understood as an influence of Wagnerism and Kulturkampf in the young German Empire. Romantic church music aesthetics in particular played a decisive role here by applying strict idealistic standards. It was considered reprehensible for the music of a funeral mass to stir up or frighten the audience, as well as present a scenically determined, ›realistic‹ music. Emotionality did not seem to have been appropriate for the subject of a mass for the deceased, while critics expected the music to support a spiritual atmosphere leading to the consolatory idea of eternal rest. A certain ambivalence in the understanding of the work has persisted to the present day. Still, it seems to stand in a twilight zone between spiritual and secular concert music, which supports discussions about interpretation and appropriate performance practice. Reflecting on historical concepts and conceptions gives the opportunity to question current positions and their origins.

Submitted by Edisangela Bastos (edisangela@ufpa.br) on 2012-05-21T15:29:57Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertacao_DiscursoLiterarioCinematografico.pdf: 3853366 bytes, checksum: d50e945e52abf5ae91e85bda22c91b05 (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Edisangela Bastos(edisangela@ufpa.br) on 2012-05-21T15:30:15Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertacao_DiscursoLiterarioCinematografico.pdf: 3853366 bytes, checksum: d50e945e52abf5ae91e85bda22c91b05 (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2012-05-21T15:30:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertacao_DiscursoLiterarioCinematografico.pdf: 3853366 bytes, checksum: d50e945e52abf5ae91e85bda22c91b05 (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Cet travail traite de deux arts, la Littérature et le Cinéma. C‟est que, bien les textes autonomes et spécífiques, son convertis en rapports distincts a identifier et, dans le même temps, le temps hors travail par rapport à l‟outre. Notre abroche, comme point de départ, le texte littéraire “Le Guépard”, l‟ écrivain italien Giuseppe Tomasi di Lampedusa et, comme un point d‟arrivée, le travail du réalisateur cinematographique homonyme, également italien, Luchino Viscontii. Lampedusa a produit un‟oeuvre que serait reconnue à titre posthume. Il a creé un récit à travers lequel met en évidence l‟histoire et la répresentation de la societé. Bien qu‟il nous a laissé un peu travail caracterisée par la présentation de leurs propre style, marqué par des touches de liberté et de loisirs de la parole. Luchino Visconti, créateur des plus belles ouvres du cinéma de son temps, mis un travail avec vigueur à l‟écran, d‟importants travaux décrivains de renom. Ses films reflètent un point de vue historique précis, et aussi de la désintegration sociale aristocratique. Son film narratif est un mélange constant de l‟audace et la créativité stimulant l‟acte à l‟architecte qu‟il en images magnifiques, en conformité avec la fidelité (ou presque) à l‟ordre de l‟abstraction de l‟imagerie. / Este trabalho trata de duas artes, Literatura e Cinema. Embora autônomas e específicas, traduzem-se em textos distintos, relações de identificação e ao mesmo tempo afastamento de uma obra em relação à outra. Nossa abordagem tem, como ponto de partida, o texto literário "O Leopardo", do escritor italiano Giuseppe Tomasi di Lampedusa e, como ponto de chegada, a obra cinematográfica homônima do cineasta, também italiano, Luchino Visconti. Lampedusa produziu uma obra que só ganharia reconhecimento postumamente. Nela, criou um discurso narrativo através do qual põe em destaque a História e a representação da sociedade. Apesar de ter nos legado uma obra pequena, caracteriza-se por apresentar um estilo próprio, marcado por requintes de liberdade e recriação da palavra. Luchino Visconti, o mais requintado criador da sétima arte de seu tempo, transpôs, com rigor, para a tela, importantes obras de renomados escritores. Seus filmes traduzem uma precisa visão histórica e aristocrática. A narrativa cinematográfica mescla ousadia e criatividade, desafiando a escritura ao arquitetá-la em magníficas imagens, cumprindo com o (quase) intuito da fidelidade a abstração da imagem literária.

This dissertation is a study of the comic intermezzo’s literary origins and musical practice in the years before Pergolesi’s La serva padrona (1733). It begins with a chronological examination of Italian comic plays and operas written between 1660 and 1723. During these years comic playwrights adopted a style of writing speech from the improvised theatre which makes use of what Richard Andrews (1993) refers to as “elastic gags.” This style of comedy flourished under Medici patronage in Florence in the last decades of the seventeenth century and then spread to Venice, Rome and Naples during the first years of the intermezzo’s development. It is a style of comedy shared with the plays of Molière, and other contemporaneous French authors. This dissertation examines several scenes based on French works which have previously not been identified as having earlier sources. The decision to adapt these earlier sources for the intermezzo did not occur in a vacuum. The practice of comedy in the intermezzo was conditioned by the artistic, social and political climate of Italy. This study investigates the relationship between intermezzos and the milieus which produced them. The success of some intermezzos, like Il marito giocatore (1719), resulted from a combination of their artistic merit and their broad social appeal, while others, like Albino e Plautilla (1723), were musically adept but remained obscure because their humour was specific to the world they satirized. Both intermezzos are indebted to earlier French sources. Many others which are metatheatrical in nature draw on contemporary debates about opera. A final section examines selected arias from the intermezzo repertory using incongruity theory. Comic theory makes clear that the intermezzo’s musical language was not a new development. Just as librettists drew on earlier written traditions to form the literary text of the intermezzo, composers drew on existing musical practices to create humour. The intermezzo was therefore not naively comic—a portrait of the genre which is all too common—but rather a repertory which was thoroughly enmeshed within contemporary artistic practice and a wider social and cultural world.

This dissertation is a study of the comic intermezzo’s literary origins and musical practice in the years before Pergolesi’s La serva padrona (1733). It begins with a chronological examination of Italian comic plays and operas written between 1660 and 1723. During these years comic playwrights adopted a style of writing speech from the improvised theatre which makes use of what Richard Andrews (1993) refers to as “elastic gags.” This style of comedy flourished under Medici patronage in Florence in the last decades of the seventeenth century and then spread to Venice, Rome and Naples during the first years of the intermezzo’s development. It is a style of comedy shared with the plays of Molière, and other contemporaneous French authors. This dissertation examines several scenes based on French works which have previously not been identified as having earlier sources. The decision to adapt these earlier sources for the intermezzo did not occur in a vacuum. The practice of comedy in the intermezzo was conditioned by the artistic, social and political climate of Italy. This study investigates the relationship between intermezzos and the milieus which produced them. The success of some intermezzos, like Il marito giocatore (1719), resulted from a combination of their artistic merit and their broad social appeal, while others, like Albino e Plautilla (1723), were musically adept but remained obscure because their humour was specific to the world they satirized. Both intermezzos are indebted to earlier French sources. Many others which are metatheatrical in nature draw on contemporary debates about opera. A final section examines selected arias from the intermezzo repertory using incongruity theory. Comic theory makes clear that the intermezzo’s musical language was not a new development. Just as librettists drew on earlier written traditions to form the literary text of the intermezzo, composers drew on existing musical practices to create humour. The intermezzo was therefore not naively comic—a portrait of the genre which is all too common—but rather a repertory which was thoroughly enmeshed within contemporary artistic practice and a wider social and cultural world.

Zugl.: Freiburg (Breisgau), Univ., Habil.-Schr., 2006/2007

Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-07T18:58:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 000422703-Texto+Completo-0.pdf: 1613027 bytes, checksum: 87cd88ca5e13ddf19c8632e984ce12c2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / In the nineteenth century, Italy has been through a historical process known as Risorgimento. Starting around 1815, it ended in around 1870, when it reached its goal of unifying the peninsula under the flag of a state. In the context of the Risorgimento, Giuseppe Mazzini fought not only for Italian unification, but also for the spread of republicanism worldwide. Furthermore, he founded Giovine Europa in Bern, in April of 1834. Farroupilha War was contemporary to this Mazzinian association, which influenced a generation of Italian activists, who fought in southern Brazil along with the rio-grandense insurgents. Among them, the most commonly known are those who, by their actions, stood in the farroupilha path: Giuseppe Garibaldi, trainer and commander of the farroupilha naval fleet; Livio Zambeccari, commonly called "private secretary" of Bento Gonçalves; and Luigi Rossetti, editor of the most important newspaper of the Republic Rio-Grandense, O Povo, and also secretary of the brief Republic Juliana‟s government (29/07 to 15/11, 1839). From the letters and writings in the newspaper O Povo by Luigi Rossetti, this research aims to understand the insertion of Mazzini‟s ideas in the Farroupilha War. / No século XIX, a Itália passou por um processo histórico conhecido como Risorgimento. Iniciado por volta de 1815, findou no entorno de 1870, quando atingiu seu objetivo de unificar o território peninsular sob a bandeira de um Estado. No contexto do Risorgimento, Giuseppe Mazzini lutou não apenas em prol da Unificação Italiana, mas pela propagação do republicanismo em escala mundial. Neste sentido, fundou a Giovine Europa, em Berna, no mês de abril de 1834. A Guerra Farroupilha foi contemporânea a esta associação mazziniana, que influenciou uma geração de ativistas italianos, que lutaram no sul do Brasil ao lado dos insurgentes rio-grandenses. Dentre eles, os mais comumente conhecidos são aqueles que, por suas atuações, se destacaram na trajetória farroupilha: Giuseppe Garibaldi, formador e comandante da frota naval farroupilha; Livio Zambeccari, correntemente chamado de “secretário particular” de Bento Gonçalves; e Luigi Rossetti, editor do jornal mais importante da República Rio-Grandense, O Povo, além de Secretário Interino do governo da breve República Juliana (29/07 a 15/11 de 1839). A partir das correspondências e escritos no jornal O Povo de Luigi Rossetti, a presente pesquisa visa compreender como se deu a inserção do ideário de Mazzini na Guerra Farroupilha.

Caminar entre los "Leopardos" fue (y sigue siendo) una experiencia fascinante, incluso si están situados en medio al Risorgimento italiano. El camino comienza con el "Leopardo" en 1956, del escritor italiano Tomasi de Lampedusa y sigue hasta el "Leopardo" de Luchino Visconti, en 1963. La literatura y el cine, aunque distintas lenguas y el enfoque autónomo, acercanse, aproximanse, complementanse y mezclanse de diferentes maneras. El presente estudio tiene por objeto analizar el proceso general de adaptación de la obra literaria de Lampedusa para una obra cinematográfica de Visconti, a través de una perspectiva de una traducción intersemiótica. Desde la lectura de obras clave para el área, se optó por centrar el debate en la obra de Julio Plaza (1987) y los autores que más influyeron en él: Roman Jakobson y Charles S. Peirce. El concepto de traducción intersemiótica fue presentado por Roman Jakobson, que clasifica los tipos de traducción interlingüística, intralingüística y intersemiótica. La traducción intersemiótica concentra sus estudios sobre la traducción entre diferentes códigos. Para llevar a cabo la propuesta de análisis se ha adaptado de la siguiente metodología: I - Construcción de un corpus a partir de un referencial teórico apropriado tanto para el área del la teoría del texto, y por lo tanto el análisis del discurso, como el análisis de la imagen, especialmente la gramática visual del cine, desde su estructuración por Griffith (en "Intolerancia"), vale la pena señalar que "la naturaleza del lenguaje, se dice que el análisis del discurso está interesada en las prácticas discursivas de diferentes tipos: imagen, sonido, carta, etc "(Orlandi, 2007:62) II - Desuperficialización al delimitarnos un corpus, hemos hecho una primera selección del texto en bruto (en este caso, el romance y la película), el segundo paso consiste en analizar más a fondo para buscar los elementos básicos del discurso, dejando a la superficialidad para buscar "lo qué se dice, a quién se dice, en qué circunstancias" (Orlandi, 2007, p 65.); III - Analizar el modo de funcionamiento del discurso a partir del objeto discursivo construido en los pasos anteriores. Desde el establecimiento de la de-superficianilización se seleccionaron las categorías de análisis, a partir del levantamiento vocabulario de la obra de Lampedusa, encontrándose los elementos más importantes para componer una escena y una escenografía que se desarrolló en la narrativa, que le permite, entonces, el análisis del proceso de traducción intersemiótica para el cine. Después de seleccionar la categoría "Colores" y seleccionar los fotogramas para el análisis (obtenidos a partir de la decoupage de la película) procedió a un análisis de los aspectos icónicos, indiciales y simbólicos, a partir del referencial teórico de Peirce (1999). La tesis se divide en tres capítulos: Capítulo 1 - El contexto histórico y su influencia en el discurso de Lampedusa, Capítulo 2 - Géneros del Discurso y Traducción intersemiótica y el Capítulo 3 - traducción intersemiótica de los "Leopardos" de Lampedusa y Visconti. Por último, en las observaciones finales, se presenta un marco analítico para identificar la adaptación realizada del tipo blue print, o sea, aquel en el que se realiza la traducción manteniendo la máxima proximidad a la original, pero sin detenerse a él. / Caminhar entre os "Leopardos" foi (e continuará sendo) uma experiência fascinante, ainda mais se estes estão situados em meio ao Risorgimento italiano. O caminho tem início com o "Leopardo" de 1956, do escritor italiano Tomasi de Lampedusa e segue até o "Leopardo" de Luchino Visconti, de 1963. Literatura e cinema, embora linguagens distintas e autônomas, se aproximam, se afastam, se complementam e se misturam de formas diversas. O presente estudo tem por objetivo geral examinar o processo de adaptação da obra literária de Lampedusa para a obra cinematográfica de Visconti, sob a perspectiva de uma tradução intersemiótica. A parir da leitura de obras chave para a área, optou-se por centrar a discussão na obra de Julio Plaza (1987) e dos autores que mais o influenciaram: Roman Jakobson e Charles S. Peirce. O conceito de tradução intersemiótica foi apresentado por Roman Jakobson, que classificou os tipos de tradução em interlingual, intralingual e intersemiótica. A tradução intersemiótica concentra-se nos estudos acerca da tradução entre diferentes códigos. Para realizar a análise proposta adotou-se a seguinte metodologia: I - Constituição de um corpus - a partir de um referencial teórico pertinente tanto a área de teoria do texto, e consequentemente de análise do discurso, quanto de análise da imagem, em especial da gramática audiovisual do cinema, a partir de sua estruturação por Griffith (em Intolerância ); cabe destacar que quanto à natureza da linguagem, devemos dizer que a análise de discurso interessa-se por práticas discursivas de diferentes naturezas: imagem, som, letra, etc. (ORLANDI, 2007:62); II - De-superficialização ao delimitarmos um corpus, já fizemos uma primeira seleção a partir do texto bruto (no caso o romance e o filme); a segunda etapa deverá aprofundar a análise a fim de buscar os elementos fundamentais do discurso, deixando a superficialidade para buscar o como se diz, o quem diz, em que circunstâncias (ORLANDI, 2007, p. 65); III - Analise do modo de funcionamento do discurso - a partir do objeto discursivo construído nas etapas anteriores. A partir da constituição da de-superficianilização foram selecionadas as categorias de análise, a partir do levantamento vocabular da obra de Lampedusa, encontrando-se os elementos mais significativos para a composição de um cenário e de uma cenografia em que se desenrolava a narrativa, permitindo, então, a análise do processo de tradução intersemiótica para o cinema. Após selecionada a categoria "Cores" e selecionados os fotogramas para análise (obtidos a partir da decòupage do filme) procedeu-se uma análise dos aspectos icônicos, indiciais e simbólicos, a partir do referencial teórico de Peirce (1999). A dissertação está dividida em três capítulos: Capítulo 1 - O contexto histórico e sua influência no discurso de Lampedusa; Capítulo 2 - Gêneros do Discurso e Tradução Intersemiótica e Capítulo 3 - A tradução intersemiótica dos "Leopardos" de Lampedusa e Visconti. Finalmente, nas considerações finais, é apresentado um quadro analítico que permite identificar a adaptação realizada do tipo blueprint, ou seja, aquela em que a tradução é feita mantendo a máxima proximidade com o original, sem entretanto se resumir a ele.

Opera fantasias have been denigrated as insufficiently intellectual or serious, as derivative, as merely popular or sentimental. However, many of the perceived flaws were, if not hallmarks, at least accepted realities of Italian opera composing. Like opera itself, the opera fantasia is a popular art form, stylistically predictable yet formally flexible, based heavily on past operatic tradition and prefabricated materials. I approach opera fantasias, instrumental works that use themes from a single opera as the body of their virtuosic and flamboyant material, both historically and theoretically, concentrating on compositions written for and by woodwind-instrument performers in Italy in the second half of the nineteenth century. Important overlapping strands in my theoretical framework include the concept of virtuosity and its gradual demonization, the strong gendered overtones of individual woodwind instruments and of virtuosity, the distinct Italian context of these fantasias, the presentation and alteration of opera narratives in opera fantasias, and the technical and social development of woodwind instruments. I have uncovered a large body of compositions and composers, many of whom have not been written about in English, through archival research in Milan, Naples, Parma, Bologna, and Palermo. This reveals trends in operas used for fantasias, temporally, spatially, and between instruments, as well as further trends in the use of specific melodies. I use contemporary reviews of performances and compositions to attest to the popularity of the opera fantasia throughout the second half of the nineteenth century in Italy, including oboist Antonio Pasculli as a case study. This often overlooked genre is intimately tied to the central canon and deeply connected to its social and musical contexts. Approaching the opera fantasia as a coherent and meaningful group of works clarifies a genre that has been consciously stifled and cultural resonances that still impact music reception and performance today.

Construite sur une analyse approfondie des archives de Robert Smithson, cette thèse réévalue la série des Nonsites (1967-1969) dans sa relation d'inspiration avec les Géosciences. Elle rappelle le contexte culturel des années soixante comme toile de fond pour l’inspiration de l’artiste et détermine l’envergure de son expertise dans le domaine des sciences. Des documents préparatoires inédits viennent éclairer son processus de création et la manière dont il formule ses œuvres complexes, à partir des sources géologiques, de l'information scientifique et de la muséographie. La relation entre arts et sciences apparaît centrale dans l’élaboration des Nonsites. Chaque œuvre de la série est ainsi rattachée à ses sources artistiques et scientifiques et révèle le moment historique de l’émergence de la sculpture post-minimale. Le jeu de l’espace muséal avec la tridimensionnalité est alors enrichi par le déploiement de strates d’informations contextuelles et crée les prémices d’une interaction nouvelle entre œuvre et spectateur.De plus, deux perspectives ouvertes sur un choix d'œuvres de Giuseppe Penone et Olafur Eliasson démontrent comment leurs démarches artistiques sont en résonance avec les préoccupations créatives de Smithson. Il est ainsi possible de problématiser l’expédition scientifique de terrain (et la manière de penser le territoire qui lui préexiste), ainsi que les agencements muséographiques en art comme en sciences comme sources déterminantes dans la confluence de l’art et des sciences. / Based on a thorough analysis of Robert Smithson's archives, this dissertation re-evaluates the Nonsites series (1967-1969) in its inspirational relationship with the Geosciences. It recalls the cultural context of the sixties as a backdrop for the artist's inspiration and determines the scope of his expertise in the field of science. Unpublished preparatory documents enlighten his creative process and the way he formulates his complex works from geological sources, scientific information and museography. The relationship between arts and sciences is central to the development of the Nonsites. Each work in the series is thus linked to its artistic and scientific sources and reveals the spectacular historical moment of the emergence of post-minimalist sculpture. The play between the museum space and three-dimensionality is then enriched by the deployment of layers of contextual information and provides the basis for a new interaction between viewer and artwork.In addition, two perspectives are drawn towards the work of Giuseppe Penone and Olafur Eliasson and demonstrate how their artistic approaches resonate with Smithson's creative concerns. It is thus possible to problematize the scientific field expedition (and the analysis of the territory, its prerequisite), as well as the museographic arrangements, as determining sources in the confluence of art and science.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T13:47:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 422703.pdf: 1613027 bytes, checksum: 87cd88ca5e13ddf19c8632e984ce12c2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-03-19 / No s?culo XIX, a It?lia passou por um processo hist?rico conhecido como Risorgimento. Iniciado por volta de 1815, findou no entorno de 1870, quando atingiu seu objetivo de unificar o territ?rio peninsular sob a bandeira de um Estado. No contexto do Risorgimento, Giuseppe Mazzini lutou n?o apenas em prol da Unifica??o Italiana, mas pela propaga??o do republicanismo em escala mundial. Neste sentido, fundou a Giovine Europa, em Berna, no m?s de abril de 1834. A Guerra Farroupilha foi contempor?nea a esta associa??o mazziniana, que influenciou uma gera??o de ativistas italianos, que lutaram no sul do Brasil ao lado dos insurgentes rio-grandenses. Dentre eles, os mais comumente conhecidos s?o aqueles que, por suas atua??es, se destacaram na trajet?ria farroupilha: Giuseppe Garibaldi, formador e comandante da frota naval farroupilha; Livio Zambeccari, correntemente chamado de secret?rio particular de Bento Gon?alves; e Luigi Rossetti, editor do jornal mais importante da Rep?blica Rio-Grandense, O Povo, al?m de Secret?rio Interino do governo da breve Rep?blica Juliana (29/07 a 15/11 de 1839). A partir das correspond?ncias e escritos no jornal O Povo de Luigi Rossetti, a presente pesquisa visa compreender como se deu a inser??o do ide?rio de Mazzini na Guerra Farroupilha.