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This thesis examines how and to what extent humanitarian aid organizations strategically focus on gender roles following disasters, and how they contribute to potential changes in gender roles. The case selected for the study is Nepal after the 2015 earthquakes where the reports of four international humanitarian aid organizations were examined through a qualitative content analysis. The thesis aims to provide a contribution to the disaster risk reduction literature with a special focus on the possibilities to use disasters as catalysts for changes in traditional gender roles. As humanitarian organizations are major actors in the aftermath of disasters, the purpose is to evaluate their efforts and connect that to previous literature in the field. As a theoretical foundation two contrasting theories are incorporated in the study, the first is the idea that a disaster can be a ’window of opportunity’ for changes in gender roles whereas the other one is that vulnerable people is often left more vulnerable after a disaster due to secondary consequences, a so called double disaster.  The main findings of the study demonstrate that none of the four international humanitarian organizations incorporated a gendered perspective in their aid efforts following the earthquakes in Nepal 2015. The organizations seldom separate women from men in their reports, demonstrating an unawareness of the gender power structures at play. Few activities had a potential to empower women and the ones that did lacked a long-term perspective to enhance gender equality and lower vulnerability.

Background Labour market policies in Sweden is a state responsibility. Even though the municipalitieshave created their own units for labour market issues. This has resulted in parallel systems,and the distribution of responsibility is in many ways unclear. Several studies within the topichave observed that the effects of the activation programs disposed by the municipalities aredifficult to study, dependent there is not enough comparable data. Therefore statistics is nowcollected by Sveriges kommuner och Landsting. Purpose The purpose of this study is to examine if the statistics that are available today can be used tomeasure the effects of labour market actions. Method The study is based on the theory about Governance as decentralization. The hypothesis is thatthe amount of money that the municipalities spend on labour market cations should affect theeffect. With effect means, in this study, that the participants reach work or studies. The studyis made on two Swedish municipalities, Robertsfors and Ljusnarsberg. Those municipalitiesare selected therefor they are the municipalities in Sweden that 2015 spent most and lessmoney on labour market actions. In an attempt to try if the statistics that are available todaycan be used, the study is using a quantitative method. Interviews with representatives from themunicipalities have also been made in order to explain choices in submitting of the statistics. Results The results show that the statistics that are available not can be held for true. Both from thecalculation example as from the interviews that is clear there are uncertainties with thestatistics. From the theory of Governance, this study comes to the conclusion thatdecentralization and standardization are extremes.

Denna studie syftade till att belysa begreppet lobbyism och synliggöra de skillnader som finns kring fenomenet i olika länder. Länderna som diskuterades var USA och Sverige, där studien tog utgångspunkten att lobbyverksamheten i USA var betydligt mer utbredd än i Sverige.  Då studien var en syntes, en komparativ studie av tidigare studier och statistik, gick det inte att dra några direkta slutsatser, utan det som studien kom fram till diskuterades fram och tillbaka, bland annat hur lobbyverksamheten rent statistiskt var större i USA, men förvånandevis var den större i Sverige per capita.  Det sekundära syftet var att anskaffa och applicera denna typ av kunskap i läraryrket, och specifikt inom samhällskunskapen – och utforma en uppgift till elever på gymnasiet, något som kunde göras och framställas i senare kapitel

With climate change and increasing populations, water availability is becoming even more important in the region of Sahel, Africa, where droughts have plagued the states for centuries. In response to this growing concern, seven Sahelian states have initiated cooperation over their shared groundwater resources, an action that is still quite unique globally, given the overlooked status of groundwater. This paper analyses their agreement using Elinor Ostrom’s framework for sustainable collective management of common-pool resources. It concludes that, although the agreement reflects progressive intentions, the attention towards the local levels of governance is insufficient. This conclusion is important specifically for the future of this agreement, and generally feeds into a discussion of governance of larger-scale, transboundary CPRs.

A substantial public reform is taking place in Sweden. Public authorities are being moved from Stockholm to other parts of Sweden. The goal is to scatter these institutions to increase the public presence in smaller cities around the country. Not a lot of research has been carried out about relocation reform in the public sector. This paper intends to empirically research the significance of local and central political party majorities in the process of deciding where to place relocated institutions. With quantitative data such as vote turnout, which party is governing, unemployment rates and number of inhabitants in the cities this paper aims to explain why certain governmental institutions end up in different places in Sweden 2014 - 2018. While collecting data some trends seemed quite strong such as the correlation between cities where governmental institutions were placed and vote percentage for the governing party, particularly in the local elections. Cities were more likely to receive a institution if the inhabitants voted to a greater extent for the Swedish social democratic party as well as the biggest governing party in Sweden 2014 – 2018. Although when proceeding to multiple linear regression and Fischer’s exact test the p-values where not found to be significant exept the correlation between inhabitants in the cities who did or did not receive relocated institutions and relocation reform. As for further research this paper implies that there might be statistically significant correlations but to research such a thing one must include a greater number of cities who has received a relocated institution and perhaps design a cross-country study.

The aim of the essay was to analyse the problems for democratic consolidation in Hungary during Fidesz time in the government. The research question was: which problems could be identified for the democratic consolidation in Hungary during 2010 to 2018 when the analysis is focused on the civil society, the political society, the rule of law and the state apparatus? In order to answer the research question a case study was done. Four of Linz and Stepan’s arenas which are important for a consolidated democracy were used. The study identified several problems for the democratic consolidation in Hungary. The problems for civil society included for instance more regulations for NGO:s and negative statements from government representatives . The main problems for political society were that Fidesz had unfair advantages, for instance regarding media. Some of the problems for rule of law were the lack of unity around the constitution and that the areas which the constitutional court has jurisdiction over has been reduced. One of the problems for the state apparatus was corruption.

No description available.

The need to save the women of Afghanistan has for years been the focus of multiple international organisations, and through humanitarian aid the world has attempted to achieve this goal. This paper aims to gain an understanding of what it actually has been like to live, as a woman, in Afghanistan during the years of increased humanitarian aid, after the fall of the Taliban regime in 2001. To achieve this, the paper is based on the feminist institutionalist theory combined with previous research. This paper will focus on gaining an understanding of the informal institutions surrounding gender, and also look at empirical data to assess the practical implementation of gender-equality on the ground. To understand if or how the gender-equality has changed in Afghanistan this paper uses both quantitative and qualitative data. The conclusion will show that, even though there is a difficulty in obtaining data from Afghanistan, there has been a positive development for gender-equality on the ground and that there, however, has been little to no change towards gender-equality within gender norms and informal rules.

Denna studie undersöker vilka handlingsalternativ som Peter Singers variant av utilitarism skulle förespråka gällande flyktinginvandring. Det framgår att enligt Singers teori bör flyktingar i regel bli beviljade asyl. Däremot skulle Singer förespråka att flyktingar inte beviljades asyl om det bidrar till att länderna de kommer till sänker sin budget för bistånd till fattiga och utvecklingsländer och hjälper mer utsatta grupper mindre. Studien kommer till slutsatsen att teorin har en stark argumentation men är svår att tillämpa i praktiken. Det finns en oklarhet gällande hur Singers teori ställer sig till avvägningen man bör göra mellan långsiktiga och kortsiktiga mål. Hur nytta beräknas i praktiken är otydligt och något Singer behöver utveckla. Teorin kan även vara svår att följa i det vardagliga livet eftersom den ställer höga krav på individuell uppoffring och kan kräva att individer tar beslut som intuitivt är ifrågasättbara.