Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-07-06T20:16:17Z No. of bitstreams: 1 VanessaOlintoDosSantosEvangelista_TESE.pdf: 5760623 bytes, checksum: 180f27b8cf175c05011adf038ebd2e0b (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-07-07T21:00:30Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 VanessaOlintoDosSantosEvangelista_TESE.pdf: 5760623 bytes, checksum: 180f27b8cf175c05011adf038ebd2e0b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-07T21:00:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 VanessaOlintoDosSantosEvangelista_TESE.pdf: 5760623 bytes, checksum: 180f27b8cf175c05011adf038ebd2e0b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-03 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico (CNPq) / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / A expans?o agr?cola utilizando cultivares geneticamente modificados (GM) ? fen?meno mundial. Esse fato tem impulsionado a implementa??o de legisla??es regulat?rias para monitorar ? presen?a de variedades GM em culturas agr?colas. Outra importante demanda mundial est? relacionada ao consumo de alimentos contaminados por aflatoxinas. Essas mol?culas constituem um classe de compostos extremamente t?xicos que causam efeitos danosos para a sa?de humana e animal. Por isso, a seguran?a e qualidade dos produtos agr?colas s?o essenciais para os consumidores. Os testes de fluxo lateral s?o m?todos alternativos promissores que podem ser utilizados tanto para a detec??o de prote?nas transg?nicas expressas em culturas GM quanto para a detec??o de compostos t?xicos em alimentos. Essa t?cnica apresenta vantagens adicionais quando comparado aos m?todos convencionais, como: simplicidade, rapidez e baixo custo. Nesse estudo foram desenvolvidos dois testes de fluxo lateral, um para a identifica??o das prote?nas Cry1Ac e Cry8 Ka5 expressas em cultivares de algod?o GM e o outro, para a detec??o de aflatoxinas em produtos agr?colas. O teste, para a detec??o dos cultivares transg?nicos, foi desenvolvido no formato sandwhich. Esse teste foi desenvolvido utilizando os anticorpos monoclonais 1B1 e 5H4, produzidos contra a prote?na Cry1Ac, mas que apresentaram rea??o cruzada para a prote?na Cry8Ka5. O monoclonal anti-Cry1B1 foi conjugado com nanopart?culas de ouro coloidal (40 nm) e utilizados como reagente de detec??o. O monoclonal 5H4 foi adsorvido na membrana de nitrocelulose, na regi?o denominada de linha teste e utilizado como reagente de captura do teste. Na linha controle, foi adsorvido o anticorpo anti-mouse IgG. Esses testes foram validados utilizando amostras de folhas de plantas de algod?o GM ( Bollgard I ? e Planta 50- produzida em nosso laborat?rio) e folhas provenientes de cultivares n?o GM ( Cooker 312). Os resultados demonstraram que esse teste foi capaz de distinguir eficientemente amostras GM de n?o GM. Al?m disso, tamb?m apresentou elevada sensibilidade, sendo capaz de detectar 0,06 ?g das prote?nas respectivas nos cultivares transg?nicos. O teste para a detec??o de aflatoxinas foi desenvolvido no formato competitivo. O anticorpo ?-AFLA 3B6, produzido contra AFB1, apresentou reatividade cruzada contra as aflatoxinas AFB2, AFG1, AFG2 e AFM1 e por isso, foi utilizado para o desenvolvimento das fitas-testes. Nesse teste o anticorpo 3B6 foi conjugado com ouro coloidal (40 nm) e utilizado como reagente de detec??o. O ant?geno AFB1 foi adsorvido na linha teste e utilizado como reagente de captura e o anti-mouse IgG foi imobilizado na linha controle do teste. Para a valida??o, gr?os de soja contaminados com o fungo Aspergillus flavus, foram utilizados. Esses testes tamb?m foram avaliados quanto ? habilidade de detec??o de aflatoxinas em amostras alimentares, incluindo leite e prote?na texturizada de soja. Os resultados demonstraram que a fita eficientemente identificou amostras contendo aflatoxinas. Al?m disso, apresentou sensibilidade de 0,5 ng/mL ou 0,5 ?g/Kg. Os resultados obtidos sugerem que as fitas testes desenvolvidas podem ser utilizadas como m?todo r?pido e de baixo custo para o screening de cultivares GM, expressando as prote?nas Cry1Ac e Cry8Ka5, quanto para a detec??o de aflatoxinas em amostras alimentares. / The expansion of cultivated areas with genetically modified crops (GM) is a worldwide phenomenon, stimulating regulatory authorities to implement strict procedures to monitor and verify the presence of GM varieties in agricultural crops. With the constant growing of plant cultivating areas all over the world, consumption of aflatoxin-contaminated food also increased. Aflatoxins correspond to a class of highly toxic contaminants found in agricultural products that can have harmful effects on human and animal health. Therefore, the safety and quality evaluation of agricultural products are important issues for consumers. Lateral flow tests (strip tests) is a promising method for the detection both proteins expressed in GM crops and aflatoxins-contaminated food samples. The advantages of this technique include its simplicity, rapidity and cost-effective when compared to the conventional methods. In this study, two novel and sensitive strip tests assay were developed for the identification of: (i) Cry1Ac and Cry8Ka5 proteins expressed in GM cotton crops and; (ii) aflatoxins from agricultural products. The first strip test was developed using a sandwhich format, while the second one was developed using a competitive format. Gold colloidal nanoparticles were used as detector reagent when coated with monoclonal antibodies. An anti-species specific antibody was sprayed at the nitrocellulose membrane to be used as a control line. To validate the first strip test, GM (Bollgard I? e Planta 50- EMBRAPA) and non-GM cotton leaf (Cooker 312) were used. The results showed that the strip containing antibodies for the identification of Cry1Ac and Cry8Ka5 proteins was capable of correctly distinguishing between GM samples (positive result) and non-GM samples (negative result), in a high sensitivity manner. To validate the second strip test, artificially contaminated soybean with Aspergillus flavus (aflatoxin-producing fungus) was employed. Food samples, such as milk and soybean, were also evaluated for the presence of aflatoxins. The strip test was capable to distinguish between samples with and without aflatoxins samples, at a sensitivity concentration of 0,5 ?g/Kg. Therefore, these results suggest that the strip tests developed in this study can be a potential tool as a rapid and cost-effective method for detection of insect resistant GM crops expressing Cry1Ac and Cry8Ka5 and aflatoxins from food samples.

A presente tese investiga como o Ambiente Institucional influencia o modo de governança de direitos de propriedade e a estratégia das firmas. O estudo divide-se em duas partes. A primeira parte empreende uma investigação teórica que se constitui em três etapas. Primeiro, examina-se o modelo de direitos de propriedade de Barzel (1994, 1997, 2003). Segundo, analisa-se uma abordagem de estratégia competitiva baseada em direitos de propriedade (Property Rights Perspective; Foss e Foss, 2001). Especificamente, argumenta-se que tal abordagem representa uma extensão do modelo de Barzel e demonstra-se que os conceitos introduzidos na etapa anterior possibilitam uma formulação mais geral da Property Rights Perspective, conduzindo a uma definição de estratégia competitiva que concilia as noções de strategizing e economizing (Williamson, 1991). A terceira etapa, por fim, examina particularmente o estabelecimento de estratégias de proteção de direitos de propriedade. Um modelo heurístico baseado em Williamson (1996) é proposto e com base nele três formas básicas de proteção são definidas em função da qualidade do Ambiente Institucional: estratégia centrada no sistema legal, no estabelecimento de mecanismos privados e no abandono de atributos valiosos. A segunda parte da pesquisa busca evidências empíricas que suportem o modelo teórico. O estudo examina três casos de proteção de direitos de propriedade sobre a tecnologia transgênica em sementes de soja: EUA, Brasil e Argentina. Cada um dos casos representa, respectivamente, uma forma de proteção de direitos como definido pelo modelo heurístico. A pesquisa examina também evidências econométricas que consolidam a análise empírica. De forma geral, o presente estudo desenvolve uma abordagem para o exame da apropriação de valor, colocando-se na interface entre a Economia de Direitos de Propriedade, o estudo da Estratégia e a análise do Ambiente Institucional. / The current thesis investigates how the Institutional Environment influences the mode of governance of property rights and the strategy of firms. The study is divided into two parts. The first part undertakes a theoretical investigation consisting of three steps. In the first step, the author examines the model of property rights developed by Barzel (1994, 1997, 2003). In the second step, an approach to competitive strategy based on property rights (Property Rights Perspective, Foss and Foss, 2001) is analyzed. Specifically, the author states that this approach represents an extension of Barzels model and demonstrates that the concepts introduced in the previous step allow a more general formulation of the Property Rights Perspective, leading to a definition of competitive strategy that reconciles the notions of strategizing and economizing (Williamson, 1991). The last step examines particularly the establishment of strategies for protection of property rights. A heuristic model based on Williamson (1996) is proposed and three strategies for protection of property rights are defined in terms of the quality of the Institutional Environment: strategy based on the legal system, on the establishment of private mechanisms, and on the abandon of valuable attributes. The second part of the research seeks empirical evidence to support the theoretical model. The study examines three cases of protection of property rights on genetically modified (GM) technology in soybean seeds: the US, Brazil, and Argentina. Each case represents, respectively, a strategy as defined by the heuristic model. The research also examines econometric evidence that consolidate the empirical analysis. Overall, the current study develops an approach for examining the appropriation of value, placing itself in the interface between the Property Rights Economics, the study of Strategy, and the assessment of the Institutional Environment.

No description available.

Machinarium is an exploration of industrial bio-mechanical hybridity as part of the 21st Century paradigm. The dissertation investigates the potential of industry as urban catalyst - a mechanism with which to regenerate urban environments and re-integrate socio-ecological systems. In an attempt to redefine modern concepts of waste and mitigate the flood of pollution emanating from 20th century industrialisation, the investigation is contextually based in an ‘urban wasteland’ - which is re-programmed as part of a new industrial ecology. The dissertation therefore blurs present-day distinctions between ‘social’, ‘productive’ and ‘natural’ space, while at the same time placing focus on the global cultural dependence on waste. If humankind is to survive the predicted crises of the our time, a 21st-century approach to design must shift the modern understanding of architecture as ‘machines for living in’ towards that of architecture as living machines. Machinarium alludes to new ways of architectural place-making in a rapidly changing world. / Dissertation MArch(Prof)--University of Pretoria, 2014. / Architecture / MArch(Prof) / Unrestricted

Tshwane is a city that is expanding eastwards. In the process, valuable cultural and ecological landscapes are being neglected. These unique landscapes, which contain critical environmental assets, could be made attractive to the general public and thus should be protected wherever possible. The expansion of the city is inevitable. While cities need to accommodate more people, they should also provide socially and culturally enriching outdoor spaces. This study uses landscape architecture and regenerative theory to suggest ways of making post-industrial sites productive again. The Hazeldean dairy; a site of cultural significance, environmental assets and physical charm, is in danger of becoming a deteriorating and forgotten landscape. The hypothesis argues that that by adapting to current social, economic and sustainable requirements, a new and living landscape can be created. This would prevent Hazeldean from becoming a characterless buffer between surrounding property developments. The design interventions proposed for the Hazeldean farm should enhance its historical and ecological value and attract visitors to the property for many different reasons, throughout the year. Ultimately, Hazeldean should endure as a physical and socially valuable asset within the rapidly expanding city of Tshwane. / Dissertation ML(Prof)--University of Pretoria, 2014 / Architecture / ML(Prof) / Unrestricted

Aesthetics were the main passion of early century landscape architects. A focus on the concern with ecology followed, while the late twentieth century landscape architecture developed towards a concentration on restoration and recovery and so focussed more on redeployment than replacement (Campbell 2006). Today, in the twenty-first century, mankind is overwhelmed with issues of global warming, exhausted natural resources, and disappearing ecologies. Landscape architects are focused on providing sustainable landscapes from which both humans and nature can benefit. Attempts to create parks or green spaces for people‟s enjoyment become joined movements to simultaneously restore ecosystems, produce food or energy, reclaiming damaged sites and designing these interventions to be entertaining and interesting to the surrounding communities. Furthermore, landscapes have become catalysts in assisting with urban densification and reducing urban sprawl in their attempts to be multi-functional, process- and environment- focused designs. At last a question remains: do these twenty-first century landscapes relate to the individual? Have these sustainable systems and processes become the new aesthetic? And do visitors to designed landscapes still have rich spatial experiences? This dissertation explores the questions stated above. Part One focuses on the countering of urban sprawl through a process-focused landscape design response on an urban and framework level, while Part Two investigates if this new contemporary notion aids designers to create spatially aesthetic landscapes. A theoretical study and experiential conceptual development strategies are followed to aid in form-generation. The design follows a hypothetical course that starts with process and system planning followed by spatial landscape explorations. This phenomenological investigation will be resolved up to a detailed sketch plan level. / Dissertation ML(Prof)--University of Pretoria, 2014 / Architecture / ML(Prof) / Unrestricted

The city of Pretoria can be likened to a blanket stretched thin, where previously urban programs shift to the expanding periphery leaving gaps in the city fabric. It is essential to investigate ways in which these urban “left overs” can be re-imagined within the contemporary context. This complex urban condition is investigated with the focus on conservation of abandoned buildings of heritage significance. In South Africa, state funding cannot be relied upon for conservation of individual buildings. Thus the conservation of leftover and abandoned heritage buildings should happen not through singular museum projects but through the everyday usefulness of the building. The role of art and the artist has long been linked to the reuse of buildings which have become difficult to inhabit in conventional ways. Thus the introduction of cultural programs to derelict heritage sites and “left over” spaces is pertinent to their reuse. One such site is the Capitol theatre in the Pretoria CBD. It is undoubtedly a place of cultural richness and expression, having been a place of daily gathering as well as formal entertainment throughout its history. It is a natural point in which to reintroduce culture into an extended public realm at the heart of the city. Originally a space of introverted and exclusive cultural expression, curated cultural artifacts (films and occasional shows) were displayed to a limited audience in a highly internalised experience. However, it is proposed that this condition be inverted through external display of the processes of cultural production on the exterior of the theatre. The intention is to broaden the sphere of cultural influence into the public realm of the city and simultaneously invite the existing communities to engage with the building. Thus the focus shifts from internal event space to external production space which becomes part of the public everyday experience. Reviving the Capitol The Capitol Theatre complex was never completed and no exterior facade was ever design for the auditorium. This creates the opportunity for a new inhabitable facade to be designed which fulfills the role of both a supportive and expressive element. The new element incorporates spaces where people and processes of cultural production are expressed externally while curated cultural artifacts and events remain housed in the auditorium. Ultimately the concept is one of support. The physical support of a failing structure being the starting point which necessitates an intervention; the functional support which allows the building to become useful again in a contemporary context with new cultural meaning; and the social support of the everyday rituals which make up the daily cultural experiences through the extension of the sphere of cultural influence of the Capitol Theatre. / Dissertation MArch(Prof)--University of Pretoria, 2014 / Architecture / MArch(Prof) / Unrestricted

We have imaged GM Aurigae with the Hubble Space Telescope, detected its disk in scattered light at 1400 and 1650 angstrom, and compared these with observations at 3300 angstrom, 5550 angstrom, 1.1 mu m, and 1.6 mu m. The scattered light increases at shorter wavelengths. The radial surface brightness profile at 3300 angstrom shows no evidence of the 24 au radius cavity that has been previously observed in submillimeter observations. Comparison with dust grain opacity models indicates that. the surface of the entire disk is populated with submicron grains. We have compiled a. spectral energy distribution from 0.1 mu m to 1 mm. and used it to constrain a model of the star + disk system that includes the submillimeter cavity using the Monte Carlo radiative transfer code by Barbara Whitney. The best-fit model image indicates that the cavity should be detectable in the F330W bandpass if the cavity has been cleared of both large and small dust grains, but we do not detect it. The lack of an observed cavity can be explained by the presence of submicron grains interior to the submillimeter cavity wall. We suggest one explanation for this that. could be due to a planet of mass <9 M-J interior to 24 au. A unique cylindrical structure is detected in the far-UV data from the Advanced Camera for Surveys/ Solar Blind Channel. It is aligned along the system semiminor axis, but does not resemble an accretion-driven jet. The structure is limb. brightened and extends 190 +/- 35 au above the disk midplane. The inner radius of the limb. brightening is 40 +/- 10 au, just beyond the submillimeter cavity wall.

Durante la última década, el sector del automóvil ha estado sumergido en un profundo estado de transición y reestructuración de la geográfica de la producción mundial. Países y regiones que históricamente ostentaban el liderazgo mundial de la producción de vehículos, como Estados Unidos, Alemania o Japón, han visto como el nacimiento de una nueva generación de países emergentes, ha desplazado el centro de gravedad del sector hacia aquellas nuevas áreas donde el crecimiento económico, economías de las familias y consumo interno han desembocado en una vorágine consumista de lo que hasta la fecha se consideraba como un artículo de lujo, sólo accesible a una clase media-alta en los países desarrollados, el automóvil. El incremento de las ventas de automóviles y previsiones futuras, ha llevado a los fabricantes a producir allí donde se vende con un objetivo de maximizar la competitividad de sus productos en un mercado en el que apenas y duramente, cabe la entrada de nuevos competidores. Un nuevo término aparece entonces en la planificación y estrategia interna de los fabricantes: localización. ¿Es el camino para crecer?, ¿es el camino para sostener la viabilidad de nuestra empresa a largo plazo?, o ¿es simplemente el camino a seguir adelante evitando ser expulsados por nuestra competencia en un mercado globalizado? A lo largo de nuestra tesis, se han ido desgranando por un lado los motivos que llevan a aquellos países emergentes a mostrar un atractivo mundial para la recepción de capacidad productiva de los fabricantes de automóviles, y por el otro a identificar cuales son los factores que determinan y moderan la estrategia y decisión de localización de las empresas del sector. Nuestra tesis, es el resultado de un proceso de investigación descriptivo y empírico y que tiene su fundamento en un Estado del Arte que iniciaba su construcción con Cantillon (1755), a mediados del siglo XVIII y el que todavía se continúa construyendo gracias a las aportaciones de un gran número de eruditos y profesionales. Entre ellos, cabe destacar el Premio Nóbel de Economía concedido en 2008 a Paul Krugman por sus trabajos sobre comercio internacional que le llevaron a diseñar una ¿Nueva Geografía Económica¿ y una ¿Nueva Teoría del Comercio¿, aspectos que adquieren gran relevancia en lo que a nuestra investigación se refiere. La tesis que se expone a continuación, supondrá una minúscula, pero singular contribución al Estado del Arte y al sector del automóvil en particular. Las aportaciones y hallazgos que se han ido dejando a lo largo de estos 4 años de investigación responderán a las cuestiones que nos planteamos al inicio de nuestro proceso, y que básicamente giran alrededor de la identificación y evaluación de los factores críticos de localización de capacidad productiva del sector, o migración de la fabricación hacia nuevos y mas atractivos destinos para los fabricantes de automóviles La construcción y dinámica de la nueva geografía de la producción de vehículos; el análisis del paralelismo existente entre los ciclos económicos y el sector del automóvil para cada país; la propuesta de un ¿ciclo evolutivo de localización mundial del sector¿; la construcción de un modelo basado en 10 factores sintéticos secundarios de localización y la reducción a un modelo factorial basados en 3 factores primarios correlacionados con los colectivos grupos de referencia de nuestra investigación (OEM, Tier1, Tier2), conforman las principales contribuciones, que permiten a esta tesis aportar un grano de arena en la construcción de un estado del arte en pleno proceso de evolución. La tesis finalizará con la propuesta de una nueva línea de investigación centrada en el desarrollo del ciclo evolutivo del sector del automóvil y su impacto en las estrategias y decisiones de localización futuras y, por consiguiente, en el nuevo mapa geográfico de la producción mundial de vehículos. / Ferrari Solis, A. (2014). Determinación de los factores críticos y moderadores de los procesos de localización industrial en el sector del automóvil y su impacto en la geografía mundial de la producción de vehículos [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/38613 / TESIS

This dissertation investigates the role of architecture in the emergence of community identity with specific reference to the spontaneous surfacing and expansion of informal settlements within the South African context and the need for fundamental public service infrastructure provision. The aim is to understand and illustrate the significance of contextual infrastructure provision as catalyst in the emergence of social and cultural networks. In analysing the current innovative survival strategies induced by the community themselves, a theoretical premise will be established regarding the implications of an "African urbanist" approach to infrastructure and means of applying it in design. The current rate of urbanization within the South African context has resulted in several human settlements expanding organically, attempting to meet the increasing housing demands whilst neglecting the provision of platforms for various interwoven layers of urban fabric and public services. These platforms are integral in the shaping of cultural and community identity. The intent of the proposal is to provide an interface between the public and the built fabric that serves the needs of, as well as enhances the quotidian praxis within the Eastern Mamelodi precinct. The proposal intends to disclose an existing cultural language and identity by establishing physical loci that host and exhibit quotidian social practices unique to Mamelodi. Through theoretical and contextual enquiry the study provides an understanding of the role as well as the necessity of infrastructure architecture manifested into an appropriate solution which will facilitate the corroboration of a unique cultural identity. / Dissertation MArch(Prof)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / Architecture / MArch(Prof) / Unrestricted